Research Article
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIGITAL GAME ADDICTION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, LOWER/NECK PAIN, AND STRESS LEVEL

Year 2024, Volume: 22 Issue: 4, 53 - 62
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1464500

Abstract

Game addiction, categorized under addictions, has established itself to a level comparable to substance addiction. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of digital game addiction among young individuals and investigate its effects on physical activity, back/neck pain, and stress levels. The study was conducted with 916 university students aged between 18-25. Demographic and personal characteristics of the participants were recorded. Digital Game Addiction was assessed using the Digital Game Addiction Scale (DGAS), Neck Pain with the Neck Disability Index (NDI), Back Pain with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), physical activity level using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and stress assessment using the Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14). The surveys used were created online and accessible by clicking on the link. Participants were reached through a snowball sampling method. 66.2% of students reported playing digital games. The average weekly gaming time was 44.26±66.73 minutes, approximately 2.5 days a week. The majority (55.1%) played games through a mobile phone. The primary reason for gaming was leisure (47.5%). When comparing students who played games and those who didn't, significant differences were observed in Oswestry Disability Index score (p=0.008), Neck Disability Index score (p<0.001), Perceived Stress Score (p<0.001), and physical activity/walking score (p=0.043). Digital game addictions increase disability levels, affecting not only physical pain but also significantly influencing students' stress levels. Considering the reasons for addiction, there is a need for societal regulations.

References

  • Abdelhameed, A. A., & Abdel-Aziem, A. A. (2016). Exercise training and postural correction improve upper extremity symptoms among touchscreen smartphone users. Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal, 35, 37-44.
  • Akçay, D., & Akçay, B. D. (2020). The effect of computer game playing habits of university students on their sleep states. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 56(4), 820-826.
  • Aktaş, B., & Bostanci, N. (2021). Covid-19 pandemisinde üniversite öğrencilerindeki oyun bağımlılığı düzeyleri ve pandeminin dijital oyun oynama durumlarına etkisi. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 22(2), 129-138.
  • AlAbdulwahab, S. S., Kachanathu, S. J., & AlMotairi, M. S. (2017). Smartphone use addiction can cause neck disability. Musculoskeletal Care, 15(1), 10-12.
  • Alonazi, A., Daher, N., Alismail, A., Nelson, R., Almutairi, W., & Bains, G. (2019). The Effects Of Smartphone Addiction On Childrens Cervical Posture And Range Of Motion. International Journal of Physiotherapy, 6(2), 32-39. Arslan, E., Bütün, P., Doğan, M., Dağ, H., Serdarzade, C., & Arica, V. (2014). Çocukluk çağında bilgisayar ve internet kullanımı. Journal of Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, 4(3), 195-201.
  • Aslan, E., Karaduman, A., Yakut, Y., Aras, B., Simsek, I. E., & Yagcı, N. (2008). The cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of neck disability index in patients with neck pain: a Turkish version study. Spine, 33(11), E362-E365.
  • Ballard, M., Gray, M., Reilly, J., & Noggle, M. (2009). Correlates of video game screen time among males: body mass, physical activity, and other media use. Eating behaviors, 10(3), 161-167.
  • Biernacki, P., & Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological methods & research, 10(2), 141-163.
  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of health and social behavior, 24(4), 385-396.
  • Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjöström, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., Pratt, M., Ekelund, U., Yngve, A., & Sallis, J. F. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine & science in sports & exercise, 35(8), 1381-1395.
  • Dresp-Langley, B., & Hutt, A. (2022). Digital Addiction and Sleep. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6910.
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New/Yeni Symposium Journal, 51(3), 132-140.
  • Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed., J. Seaman, Ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Fullerton, S., Taylor, A. W., Dal Grande, E., & Berry, N. (2014). Measuring physical inactivity: do current measures provide an accurate view of “sedentary” video game time? Journal of obesity, 2014(1), 1-5.
  • Greenfield, D. N. (2018). Treatment considerations in internet and video game addiction: a qualitative discussion. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 27(2), 327-344.
  • Griffiths, M. D., & Pontes, H. M. (2020). The Future of Gaming Disorder Research and Player Protection: What Role Should the Video Gaming Industry and Researchers Play? International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18(3), 784-790.
  • Irmak, A. Y., & Erdoğan, S. (2016). Ergen ve genç erişkinlerde dijital oyun bağımlılığı: Güncel bir bakış. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 27(2), 128-137.
  • Jacobs, K., Hudak, S., & McGiffert, J. (2009). Computer-related posture and musculoskeletal discomfort in middle school students. Work, 32(3), 275-283. Johnsen, L. G., Hellum, C., Nygaard, Ø. P., Storheim, K., Brox, J. I., Rossvoll, I., Leivseth, G., & Grotle, M. (2013). Comparison of the SF6D, the EQ5D, and the oswestry disability index in patients with chronic low back pain and degenerative disc disease. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 14, 1-9.
  • Jung, S. I., Lee, N. K., Kang, K. W., Kim, K., & Do, Y. L. (2016). The effect of smartphone usage time on posture and respiratory function. Journal of physical therapy science, 28(1), 186-189.
  • Karkusha, R. N., Mosaad, D. M., & Abdel Kader, B. S. (2019). Effect of Smartphone Addiction on Neck Function among Undergraduate Physical Therapist Students. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 76(4), 4034-4038.
  • King, D. L., Gradisar, M., Drummond, A., Lovato, N., Wessel, J., Micic, G., Douglas, P., & Delfabbro, P. (2013). The impact of prolonged violent video‐gaming on adolescent sleep: an experimental study. Journal of sleep research, 22(2), 137-143.
  • Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2009). Development and validation of a game addiction scale for adolescents. Media psychology, 12(1), 77-95.
  • Macur, M., & Pontes, H. M. (2021). Internet Gaming Disorder in adolescence: investigating profiles and associated risk factors. BMC public health, 21, 1-9.
  • Mustafaoğlu, R., & Yasacı, Z. (2018). Dijital oyun oynamanın çocukların ruhsal ve fiziksel sağlığı üzerine olumsuz etkileri. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 19(3), 51-58.
  • Mustafaoglu, R., Yasaci, Z., Zirek, E., Griffiths, M. D., & Ozdincler, A. R. (2021). The relationship between smartphone addiction and musculoskeletal pain prevalence among young population: a cross-sectional study. The Korean journal of pain, 34(1), 72-81.
  • Xiao, W., Wu, J., Yip, J., Shi, Q., Peng, L., Lei, Q. E., & Ren, Z. (2022). The relationship between physical activity and Mobile phone addiction among adolescents and young adults: systematic review and Meta-analysis of observational studies. JMIR public health and surveillance, 8(12), e41606.

DİJİTAL OYUN BAĞIMLILIĞININ FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE, BEL/BOYUN AĞRISI VE STRES DÜZEYİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ

Year 2024, Volume: 22 Issue: 4, 53 - 62
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1464500

Abstract

Oyun bağımlılığı, bağımlılıklar çatısı altında yer alıp kendine madde bağımlılığı ile benzer düzeyde yer edinmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı dijital oyun bağımlılığının gençler arasındaki yaygınlığını tespit ederek fiziksel aktivite, bel-boyun ağrısı ve stres düzeyi üzerine olan etkilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışma 18-25 yaş aralığındaki 916 üniversite öğrencisi ile tamamlandı. Katılımcıların demografik ve kişisel özellikleri kaydedildi. Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Ölçeği (DOBÖ), Boyun Ağrısı Boyun Özür İndeksi (BÖİ), Bel Ağrısı Oswestry Özürlülük Anketi (OÖA), fiziksel aktivite düzeyi için Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi Kısa Formu (UFAA-KF), stresin değerlendirilmesi için Algılanan Stres Ölçeği-14 (ASÖ-14) ile değerlendirildi. Kullanılan anketler uzantıya tıklanarak ulaşılabilen çevrimiçi şekilde oluşturuldu. Katılımcılara kartopu örneklem yöntemi ile ulaşıldı. Öğrencilerin %66.2’si dijital oyun oynadığını bildirmiştir. Haftalık oyun oynama süresi ortalama 44.26±66.73 dk olup bu süre haftalık yaklaşık 2 buçuk gündür. Oyun büyük oranda (%55,1) telefon aracılığı ile sağlanmaktadır. Oyun oynamanın en büyük nedeni boş zaman geçirmektir (%47.5). Oyun oynayan ve oynamayan öğrenciler karşılaştırıldığında Oswestry özürlülük anketi skoru (p=0.008), boyun özür indeksi skoru (p<0.001), algılanan stres skoru (p<0.001) ve fiziksel aktivite/yürüme (p=0.043) skorunda anlamlılık farklılık elde edildi. Dijital oyun bağımlılıkları özürlülük düzeylerini artırmaktadır. Bu durum sadece ağrıyla sınırlı kalmayıp öğrencilerin stres düzeylerini de önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bağımlılık sebepleri ele alındığında toplumsal düzenlemelere ihtiyaç olduğu görülmektedir.

References

  • Abdelhameed, A. A., & Abdel-Aziem, A. A. (2016). Exercise training and postural correction improve upper extremity symptoms among touchscreen smartphone users. Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal, 35, 37-44.
  • Akçay, D., & Akçay, B. D. (2020). The effect of computer game playing habits of university students on their sleep states. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 56(4), 820-826.
  • Aktaş, B., & Bostanci, N. (2021). Covid-19 pandemisinde üniversite öğrencilerindeki oyun bağımlılığı düzeyleri ve pandeminin dijital oyun oynama durumlarına etkisi. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 22(2), 129-138.
  • AlAbdulwahab, S. S., Kachanathu, S. J., & AlMotairi, M. S. (2017). Smartphone use addiction can cause neck disability. Musculoskeletal Care, 15(1), 10-12.
  • Alonazi, A., Daher, N., Alismail, A., Nelson, R., Almutairi, W., & Bains, G. (2019). The Effects Of Smartphone Addiction On Childrens Cervical Posture And Range Of Motion. International Journal of Physiotherapy, 6(2), 32-39. Arslan, E., Bütün, P., Doğan, M., Dağ, H., Serdarzade, C., & Arica, V. (2014). Çocukluk çağında bilgisayar ve internet kullanımı. Journal of Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, 4(3), 195-201.
  • Aslan, E., Karaduman, A., Yakut, Y., Aras, B., Simsek, I. E., & Yagcı, N. (2008). The cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of neck disability index in patients with neck pain: a Turkish version study. Spine, 33(11), E362-E365.
  • Ballard, M., Gray, M., Reilly, J., & Noggle, M. (2009). Correlates of video game screen time among males: body mass, physical activity, and other media use. Eating behaviors, 10(3), 161-167.
  • Biernacki, P., & Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological methods & research, 10(2), 141-163.
  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of health and social behavior, 24(4), 385-396.
  • Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjöström, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., Pratt, M., Ekelund, U., Yngve, A., & Sallis, J. F. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine & science in sports & exercise, 35(8), 1381-1395.
  • Dresp-Langley, B., & Hutt, A. (2022). Digital Addiction and Sleep. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6910.
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New/Yeni Symposium Journal, 51(3), 132-140.
  • Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed., J. Seaman, Ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Fullerton, S., Taylor, A. W., Dal Grande, E., & Berry, N. (2014). Measuring physical inactivity: do current measures provide an accurate view of “sedentary” video game time? Journal of obesity, 2014(1), 1-5.
  • Greenfield, D. N. (2018). Treatment considerations in internet and video game addiction: a qualitative discussion. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 27(2), 327-344.
  • Griffiths, M. D., & Pontes, H. M. (2020). The Future of Gaming Disorder Research and Player Protection: What Role Should the Video Gaming Industry and Researchers Play? International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18(3), 784-790.
  • Irmak, A. Y., & Erdoğan, S. (2016). Ergen ve genç erişkinlerde dijital oyun bağımlılığı: Güncel bir bakış. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 27(2), 128-137.
  • Jacobs, K., Hudak, S., & McGiffert, J. (2009). Computer-related posture and musculoskeletal discomfort in middle school students. Work, 32(3), 275-283. Johnsen, L. G., Hellum, C., Nygaard, Ø. P., Storheim, K., Brox, J. I., Rossvoll, I., Leivseth, G., & Grotle, M. (2013). Comparison of the SF6D, the EQ5D, and the oswestry disability index in patients with chronic low back pain and degenerative disc disease. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 14, 1-9.
  • Jung, S. I., Lee, N. K., Kang, K. W., Kim, K., & Do, Y. L. (2016). The effect of smartphone usage time on posture and respiratory function. Journal of physical therapy science, 28(1), 186-189.
  • Karkusha, R. N., Mosaad, D. M., & Abdel Kader, B. S. (2019). Effect of Smartphone Addiction on Neck Function among Undergraduate Physical Therapist Students. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 76(4), 4034-4038.
  • King, D. L., Gradisar, M., Drummond, A., Lovato, N., Wessel, J., Micic, G., Douglas, P., & Delfabbro, P. (2013). The impact of prolonged violent video‐gaming on adolescent sleep: an experimental study. Journal of sleep research, 22(2), 137-143.
  • Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2009). Development and validation of a game addiction scale for adolescents. Media psychology, 12(1), 77-95.
  • Macur, M., & Pontes, H. M. (2021). Internet Gaming Disorder in adolescence: investigating profiles and associated risk factors. BMC public health, 21, 1-9.
  • Mustafaoğlu, R., & Yasacı, Z. (2018). Dijital oyun oynamanın çocukların ruhsal ve fiziksel sağlığı üzerine olumsuz etkileri. Bağımlılık Dergisi, 19(3), 51-58.
  • Mustafaoglu, R., Yasaci, Z., Zirek, E., Griffiths, M. D., & Ozdincler, A. R. (2021). The relationship between smartphone addiction and musculoskeletal pain prevalence among young population: a cross-sectional study. The Korean journal of pain, 34(1), 72-81.
  • Xiao, W., Wu, J., Yip, J., Shi, Q., Peng, L., Lei, Q. E., & Ren, Z. (2022). The relationship between physical activity and Mobile phone addiction among adolescents and young adults: systematic review and Meta-analysis of observational studies. JMIR public health and surveillance, 8(12), e41606.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Physical Activity and Health
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Emine Cihan 0000-0003-0699-3771

Cansu Şahbaz Pirinççi 0000-0002-3921-0721

Early Pub Date December 25, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date April 3, 2024
Acceptance Date December 12, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 22 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Cihan, E., & Şahbaz Pirinççi, C. (2024). DİJİTAL OYUN BAĞIMLILIĞININ FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE, BEL/BOYUN AĞRISI VE STRES DÜZEYİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(4), 53-62. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1464500

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