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Uluslararası Hukukta Küresel Sığınma Sözleşmesi İhtiyacı: Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri

Year 2021, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 1213 - 1245, 15.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.868003

Abstract

Sığınmacı sayısındaki artış, küresel bir sığınma sözleşmesine olan ihtiyacı daha net şekilde ortaya koymaktadır. Sığınmacılara kapıları kapatmak ve yükümlü-lükleri sığınmacı akınına yoğun olarak maruz kalan bölgelerdeki devletlere bı-rakmak, sorunun daha da büyümesine sebep olmaktadır. Cenevre Sözleşme-si’nde yer alan mülteci statüsüne ilişkin düzenlemeler, modern uluslararası top-lumda ortaya çıkan yeni sığınmacı tiplerini koruma dışında bırakmaktadır. Do-layısıyla kapsamlı bir sığınma sözleşmesine olan ihtiyaç günden güne artmak-tadır. Hem devletlerin çıkarlarının muhafaza edilmesine yardımcı olacak hem de sığınmacıların koruma elde etmesine imkân tanıyacak bir sözleşme, sığınmacı sorununu kesin çözüme ulaştıracak en önemli vasıta olacaktır.
Çalışmada, etkili bir sığınma sözleşmesinde yer alması gereken temel hususlar incelenecektir. Bu bağlamda, sığınma hakkından faydalanacak kişilerin tespit edilmesi, geçici koruma ve geri dönüş mekanizmalarının oluşturulması, yüküm-lülük paylaşımı, denetim mekanizma ve yaptırımlar ile sözleşmenin güncelliği-ne yönelik gerçekleştirilecek forumlar, kritik önem taşımaktadır.

References

  • ALEINIKOFF, Alexander T., “The Unfinished Work of the Global Compact on Refugees”, International Journal of Refugee Law, C. 30, s. 4, 2018, s. 611-617.
  • ANDERSON, Adrienne/FOSTER, Michelle/LAMBERT, Hele-ne/McADAM, Jane, “A Well-Founded Fear of Being Persecu-ted…But When?”, Sydney Law Review, C.42, S.2, s. 155-181.
  • BARUTCISKI, Micheal/SHURKE, Astri, “Lessons from the Kosovo Refugee Crisis: Innovations in Protection and Burden-Sharing”, Journal of Refugee Studies, 14(2), 2001, s. 95-115.
  • BIERMAN, Frank ve BOAS, Ingrid, “Preparing for a Warmer World: Towards a Global Governance System to Protect Climate Re-fugees”, C.10, S.1, 2010, s. 60-83.
  • BOED, Roman, “A Journey to Asylum”, Human Rights, C.22, S.1, 1995, s. 26-50. CHIMNI, B.S., “Global Compact on Refugees: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back”, International Journal of Refugee Law, C. 30, S. 4, s. 630-634.
  • EKŞİ, Nuray, “İklim Mültecileri”, Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, C.2, S.2, 2016, s. 10-58.
  • FITZPATRICK, Joan, “Temporary Protection of Refugees: Elements of a Formalized Regime”, The American Journal of International Law, C.94, S.2, 2000, s. 279-306.
  • GAMMELTOFT-HANSEN, Thomas, “The Normative Impact of the Global Compact on Refugees”, International Journal of Refu-gee Law, C. 30, s. 4, 2018, s. 605-610.
  • GOODWIN-GILL, Guy S., “Asylum 2001 – A Convention and a Purpose”, International Journal of Refugee Law, C.13, S.1/2, 2001, s. 651-666.
  • GUILD, Elspeth/BASARAN, Tugba/ALLINSON, Kathryn, “From Zero to Hero? An Analysys of the Human Rights Protections within the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM)”, International Migration, C. 57, S. 6, 2019, s. 43-56.
  • HATHAWAY, James C., The Law of Refugee Status, Cambridge, 1991.
  • INELI-CIGER, Meltem, “Why Do States Share The Burden During Refugee Emergencies?”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hu-kuk Fakültesi Dergisi, C. 5, S. 2, 2015, s. 65-110.
  • JOYCE, Chia/NORTH, Anthony M., “Towards Convergence in the Interpretation of the Refugee Convention”, SIMEON, James C. (Ed.) The UNHCR and the Supervision of International Re-fugee Law, Cambridge, 2013.
  • KALLINOSIS, Joanna J., “Refugee Roulette: A Comparative Analysis of Gender-Related Persecution in Asylum Law”, DePaul Jour-nal of Women, Gender and Law, C.6, S.1, 2017, s. 55-93.
  • KERWIN, Donald, “How Robust Refugee Protection Policies Can Strenghten Human and National Security”, Journal on Migra-tion and National Security, C.4, S.3, 2016, s. 83-140.
  • KOSER, Khalid, International Migration: A Very Short Introduction, New York, 2007.
  • ÖZCAN, Hüseyin, Anayasa Hukuku Açısından Sığınma Hakkı, Filiz Kitabevi, 2017.
  • PRICE, Matthew E., Rethinking Asylum: History, Purpose and Limits, New York, 2009.
  • REMPELL, Scott, “Defining Persecution”, Utah Law Review, S.1, 2013, s. 283-344.
  • SCHUCK, Peter H., “Refugee Burden-Sharing: A Modest Proposal”, Yale Journal of International Law, C.22, S.2, 1997, s. 243-297.
  • STOREY, Hugo, “What Constitutes Persecution? Towards a Working Definition”, International Journal of Refugee LAw, C.26, S.2, 2014, s. 272-285.
  • TÜRK, Volker, “The Promise and Potential of the Global Compact on Refugees”, International Journal of Refugee Law, C. 30, S. 4, 2018, s. 575-583.
  • İnternet Kaynakları Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Göçmenlik Temyiz Kurulu Kararı, Matter of Rodi Adali Alvarado-Pena, https://www.refworld.org/cases,USA_BIA,3f8fb4774.html (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Amnesty International, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: The Protection Of Kosovo Albanian Refugees, https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/148000/eur650031999en.pdf (Erişim tarihi 11.01.2021),
  • Asylum Information Database (AIDA), https://asylumineurope.org/ (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Case of Gebremedhin v. France, http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur?i=001-80333 (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Case of Henning Becker v. Denmark, https://www.refworld.org/cases,COECOMMHR,3ae6b7058.html (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021)
  • Case of M.A. and Others v. Bulgaria, https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-201351%22]} (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Case of M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece, http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur?i=001-103050 (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Case of Mamatkulov and Askarov v. Turkey, http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur?i=001-68183 (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Case of NA. V. United Kingdom, https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-87458%22]} (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Global Compact On Refugees, Https://Www.Unhcr.Org/Gcr/Gcr_English.Pdf (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Human Rights Campaign, “Sexual Assault and the LGBTQ Commu-nity”, https://www.hrc.org/resources/sexual-assault-and-the-lgbt-community (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • KINCHIN, Niamh H., “UNHCR as a Subsidiary Organ of the UN: Plurality, Complexity and Accountability”, IRPA Working Paper – GAL Series No. 4/2013, https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=3038&context=lhapapers (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Outcomes of the Global Refugee Forum 2019, https://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/5ecd458c4/outcomes-global-refugee-forum-2019.html (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Qualifications Directive, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32011L0095&from=EN, (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021)
  • UN Women, “Facts and figures: Ending violence against women”, https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures (Erişim tarihi: 11.02.2021).
  • UNHCR Refugee Data Finder, https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/ (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • United Nations, Deliver Humanitarian Aid, https://www.un.org/en/sections/what-we-do/deliver-humanitarian-aid/ (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).

The Need of a Global Asylum Convention in International Law: Issues and Proposed Solutions

Year 2021, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 1213 - 1245, 15.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.868003

Abstract

The increase of the number of asylum seekers illustrates the need for a global asylum convention more clearly. Closing the borders to asylum seekers and leaving the obligations to states in regions that are heavily exposed to the influx of asylum seekers, further gravates the problem. The regulations regarding the refugee status included in the Geneva Convention exclude the new types of asylum seekers emerging in the modern international community. Hence, the need or a comprehensive asylum agreement is increasing day by day. A contract, which will both help the protection of the interests of states and allow asylum seekers to obtain protection, will be the key to resolve the refugee problem. The study will examine the main issues that should be included in an effective asylum agreement. In this context, it is critical to identify people who will benefit from the right to asylum, temporary protection and repatriation mechanisms, burden sharing between states, supervising mechanisms and sanctions, as well as forums to be held for the up-to-dateness of the contract.

References

  • ALEINIKOFF, Alexander T., “The Unfinished Work of the Global Compact on Refugees”, International Journal of Refugee Law, C. 30, s. 4, 2018, s. 611-617.
  • ANDERSON, Adrienne/FOSTER, Michelle/LAMBERT, Hele-ne/McADAM, Jane, “A Well-Founded Fear of Being Persecu-ted…But When?”, Sydney Law Review, C.42, S.2, s. 155-181.
  • BARUTCISKI, Micheal/SHURKE, Astri, “Lessons from the Kosovo Refugee Crisis: Innovations in Protection and Burden-Sharing”, Journal of Refugee Studies, 14(2), 2001, s. 95-115.
  • BIERMAN, Frank ve BOAS, Ingrid, “Preparing for a Warmer World: Towards a Global Governance System to Protect Climate Re-fugees”, C.10, S.1, 2010, s. 60-83.
  • BOED, Roman, “A Journey to Asylum”, Human Rights, C.22, S.1, 1995, s. 26-50. CHIMNI, B.S., “Global Compact on Refugees: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back”, International Journal of Refugee Law, C. 30, S. 4, s. 630-634.
  • EKŞİ, Nuray, “İklim Mültecileri”, Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, C.2, S.2, 2016, s. 10-58.
  • FITZPATRICK, Joan, “Temporary Protection of Refugees: Elements of a Formalized Regime”, The American Journal of International Law, C.94, S.2, 2000, s. 279-306.
  • GAMMELTOFT-HANSEN, Thomas, “The Normative Impact of the Global Compact on Refugees”, International Journal of Refu-gee Law, C. 30, s. 4, 2018, s. 605-610.
  • GOODWIN-GILL, Guy S., “Asylum 2001 – A Convention and a Purpose”, International Journal of Refugee Law, C.13, S.1/2, 2001, s. 651-666.
  • GUILD, Elspeth/BASARAN, Tugba/ALLINSON, Kathryn, “From Zero to Hero? An Analysys of the Human Rights Protections within the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM)”, International Migration, C. 57, S. 6, 2019, s. 43-56.
  • HATHAWAY, James C., The Law of Refugee Status, Cambridge, 1991.
  • INELI-CIGER, Meltem, “Why Do States Share The Burden During Refugee Emergencies?”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hu-kuk Fakültesi Dergisi, C. 5, S. 2, 2015, s. 65-110.
  • JOYCE, Chia/NORTH, Anthony M., “Towards Convergence in the Interpretation of the Refugee Convention”, SIMEON, James C. (Ed.) The UNHCR and the Supervision of International Re-fugee Law, Cambridge, 2013.
  • KALLINOSIS, Joanna J., “Refugee Roulette: A Comparative Analysis of Gender-Related Persecution in Asylum Law”, DePaul Jour-nal of Women, Gender and Law, C.6, S.1, 2017, s. 55-93.
  • KERWIN, Donald, “How Robust Refugee Protection Policies Can Strenghten Human and National Security”, Journal on Migra-tion and National Security, C.4, S.3, 2016, s. 83-140.
  • KOSER, Khalid, International Migration: A Very Short Introduction, New York, 2007.
  • ÖZCAN, Hüseyin, Anayasa Hukuku Açısından Sığınma Hakkı, Filiz Kitabevi, 2017.
  • PRICE, Matthew E., Rethinking Asylum: History, Purpose and Limits, New York, 2009.
  • REMPELL, Scott, “Defining Persecution”, Utah Law Review, S.1, 2013, s. 283-344.
  • SCHUCK, Peter H., “Refugee Burden-Sharing: A Modest Proposal”, Yale Journal of International Law, C.22, S.2, 1997, s. 243-297.
  • STOREY, Hugo, “What Constitutes Persecution? Towards a Working Definition”, International Journal of Refugee LAw, C.26, S.2, 2014, s. 272-285.
  • TÜRK, Volker, “The Promise and Potential of the Global Compact on Refugees”, International Journal of Refugee Law, C. 30, S. 4, 2018, s. 575-583.
  • İnternet Kaynakları Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Göçmenlik Temyiz Kurulu Kararı, Matter of Rodi Adali Alvarado-Pena, https://www.refworld.org/cases,USA_BIA,3f8fb4774.html (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Amnesty International, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: The Protection Of Kosovo Albanian Refugees, https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/148000/eur650031999en.pdf (Erişim tarihi 11.01.2021),
  • Asylum Information Database (AIDA), https://asylumineurope.org/ (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Case of Gebremedhin v. France, http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur?i=001-80333 (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Case of Henning Becker v. Denmark, https://www.refworld.org/cases,COECOMMHR,3ae6b7058.html (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021)
  • Case of M.A. and Others v. Bulgaria, https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-201351%22]} (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Case of M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece, http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur?i=001-103050 (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Case of Mamatkulov and Askarov v. Turkey, http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur?i=001-68183 (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Case of NA. V. United Kingdom, https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-87458%22]} (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Global Compact On Refugees, Https://Www.Unhcr.Org/Gcr/Gcr_English.Pdf (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Human Rights Campaign, “Sexual Assault and the LGBTQ Commu-nity”, https://www.hrc.org/resources/sexual-assault-and-the-lgbt-community (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • KINCHIN, Niamh H., “UNHCR as a Subsidiary Organ of the UN: Plurality, Complexity and Accountability”, IRPA Working Paper – GAL Series No. 4/2013, https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=3038&context=lhapapers (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Outcomes of the Global Refugee Forum 2019, https://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/5ecd458c4/outcomes-global-refugee-forum-2019.html (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • Qualifications Directive, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32011L0095&from=EN, (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021)
  • UN Women, “Facts and figures: Ending violence against women”, https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures (Erişim tarihi: 11.02.2021).
  • UNHCR Refugee Data Finder, https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/ (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
  • United Nations, Deliver Humanitarian Aid, https://www.un.org/en/sections/what-we-do/deliver-humanitarian-aid/ (Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021).
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors

Gökçe Konyalı 0000-0003-1760-2262

Publication Date June 15, 2021
Acceptance Date May 24, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 29 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Konyalı, G. (2021). Uluslararası Hukukta Küresel Sığınma Sözleşmesi İhtiyacı: Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(2), 1213-1245. https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.868003
AMA Konyalı G. Uluslararası Hukukta Küresel Sığınma Sözleşmesi İhtiyacı: Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. June 2021;29(2):1213-1245. doi:10.15337/suhfd.868003
Chicago Konyalı, Gökçe. “Uluslararası Hukukta Küresel Sığınma Sözleşmesi İhtiyacı: Sorunlar Ve Çözüm Önerileri”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 29, no. 2 (June 2021): 1213-45. https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.868003.
EndNote Konyalı G (June 1, 2021) Uluslararası Hukukta Küresel Sığınma Sözleşmesi İhtiyacı: Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 29 2 1213–1245.
IEEE G. Konyalı, “Uluslararası Hukukta Küresel Sığınma Sözleşmesi İhtiyacı: Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 1213–1245, 2021, doi: 10.15337/suhfd.868003.
ISNAD Konyalı, Gökçe. “Uluslararası Hukukta Küresel Sığınma Sözleşmesi İhtiyacı: Sorunlar Ve Çözüm Önerileri”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 29/2 (June 2021), 1213-1245. https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.868003.
JAMA Konyalı G. Uluslararası Hukukta Küresel Sığınma Sözleşmesi İhtiyacı: Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;29:1213–1245.
MLA Konyalı, Gökçe. “Uluslararası Hukukta Küresel Sığınma Sözleşmesi İhtiyacı: Sorunlar Ve Çözüm Önerileri”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 29, no. 2, 2021, pp. 1213-45, doi:10.15337/suhfd.868003.
Vancouver Konyalı G. Uluslararası Hukukta Küresel Sığınma Sözleşmesi İhtiyacı: Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri. Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;29(2):1213-45.

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