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Savaşın Gölgesinde İyi Olmak: Filistin Örneği

Year 2025, Issue: 63, 221 - 238, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.35237/suitder.1637460

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Filistinli bireylerin iyi olma hali üzerine yapılan 37 araştırmayı inceleyerek, savaş ve çatışmanın fiziksel, zihinsel ve sosyal sağlık üzerindeki etkilerine odaklanmaktadır. Scopus ve Web of Science gibi veri tabanlarından elde edilen veriler, araştırmaların büyük bir kısmının (%78,94) nicel yöntemleri kullandığını ve ağırlıklı olarak ilişkisel tarama modeline dayandığını göstermektedir. Çalışmalarda en çok incelenen gruplar yetişkinler (%26,31) ve çocuklar (%18,42) olup, çatışma ortamının bu kesimler üzerindeki etkisinin önemli olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. İyi olma hali genellikle travma (%8,49), cinsiyet (%7,54) ve ruh sağlığı (%5,66) gibi değişkenlerle ilişkilendirilmiştir. En sık karşılaşılan sorunlar arasında travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, depresyon ve anksiyete yer almakta olup, tüm bu faktörler yaşam kalitesini önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Nitel ve karma yöntemlerin sınırlı kullanımı, iyi olma halinin daha derin ve bağlamsal yönlerini anlamada önemli boşluklara işaret etmektedir. Bulgular, çatışmanın olumsuz etkilerini hafifletmek için insan hakları temelli sağlık politikalarının geliştirilmesi ve sosyal destek sistemlerinin güçlendirilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu derleme, bireysel ve toplumsal iyi olma halini iyileştirmek için daha kapsamlı ve bütüncül yaklaşımlara duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulayarak alan yazına katkı sunmaktadır.

References

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  • Aslan, O., Kabakçı, Ö. F., Topuz, İ., & Maden Yılmaz, E. (2025). The search for meaning in earthquake survivors: An existentially positive psychology perspective. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/00846724251329381
  • Aydın, C. & Kaya, M. (2021). Maneviyat ve öznel iyi oluş değişkenlerinin hayatın anlamını yordaması. Amasya İlahiyat Dergisi, 17, 41-77. https://doi.org/10.18498/amailad.961401.
  • Betancourt, T. S., Meyers-Ohki, S. E., Charrow, A. P., & Tol, W. A. (2013). Interventions for children affected by war: An ecological perspective on psychosocial support and mental health care. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 21(2), 70–91. https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0b013e318283bf8f
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8.
  • Carballo, M., Smajkic, A., Zeric, D., Dzidowska, M., Gebre-Medhin, J., & van Halem, J. (2004). Mental health and coping in a war situation: The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Biosocial Science, 36(4), 463–477. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932004006753
  • Clair, R., Gordon, M., Kroon, M. (2021). The effects of social isolation on well-being and life satisfaction during pandemic. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 8, (28). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00710-3.
  • Dawel, A., Gulliver, A., Farrer, L. M., Kalokerinos, E. K., Cherbuin, N., Calear, A. L., McCallum, S., Morse, A. R., & Monaghan, C. (2023). Do emotion intensity, variability, differentiation, co-occurrence, and positive–negative ratios make unique contributions to predicting longitudinal change in psychological distress and well-being? Emotion, 23(7), 1945–1959. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001204
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological İnquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
  • Demir, Y., & Kumcağız, H. (2020). Ergenlerde yeme tutum bozuklukluğunun öznel iyi oluş, depresyon, anksiyete ve stres üzerine etkisi. International Journal of Field Education, 6(1), 24-36. https://doi.org/10.32570/ijofe.696583
  • Doğan, T., & Eryılmaz, D. A. (2013). Benlik saygısı ve öznel iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(33), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.9779/PUJE434
  • Erceylan, N., Öztürk, M., Uludağ, K., Uzunbacak, H. H., vd. (2021). İçsel motivasyon ve öznel iyi oluş arasındaki ilişki: iş becerikliliği ve akış deneyiminin seri aracılık rolü. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(40), 413-436. https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.755959
  • Giumetti, G. W., & Kowalski, R. M. (2022). Cyberbullying via social media and well-being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101314
  • Güven, M., & Aslan, A. M., (2018). Psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik alanında türkiye deki bilimsel dergilerde yayınlanan makaleler üzerine bir inceleme. Journal of International Social Research, 11, (55), 593-604. https://doi.org/10.17719/jisr.20185537232
  • Güven, M., Aslan, B., & Yıldız E., (2017). Türkiye’de 2000-2016 yılları arasında psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik alanında yapılan doktora tezlerinin incelenmesi. 8’xxinci Uluslararası Eğitimde Yeni Yönelimler Kongresi,139. Antalya, Turkey
  • Helbich, M. & Jabr, S. (2022), "Mental health under occupation: an analysis of the de-politicization of the mental health discourse in Palestine and a call for a human rights approach", International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, 15 (1), 4-16. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHRH-01-2021-0015
  • Hobfoll, S. E., Watson, P., Bell, C. C., Bryant, R. A., Brymer, M. J., Friedman, M. J., & Ursano, R. J. (2007). Five essential elements of immediate and mid–term mass trauma intervention: Empirical evidence. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 70(4), 283-315. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2007.70.4.283
  • Kadir A., Shenoda S., & Goldhagen, J. (2019) Effects of armed conflict on child health and development: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210071
  • Kaplan, V., Polat, B., & Ertuğrul, A. E. (2021). Öğrencilerin yaşadıkları sosyal görünüş kaygısı ve öznel iyi oluş algıları arasındaki ilişki. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(4), 1029-1056. https://doi.org/10.17932/IAU.IAUSBD.2021.021/iausbd_v13i4007
  • Lyubomirsky, S. (2007). The how of happiness: A scientific approach to getting the life you want. The Penguin Press.
  • Murphy E. R. (2023). Hope and well-being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 50, 101558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101558
  • Oxman, A. D., & Guyatt, G. H. (1993). The science of reviewing research. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 703, 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26342.x
  • Pugliesi, K. (1995). Work and well-being: gender differences in the psychological consequences of employment. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137287
  • Rand, K. L., & Snyder, C. R. (2003). A reply to Dr. Lazarus, the evocator emeritus. Psychological Inquiry, 14(2), 148-153.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069 Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
  • Sayın, Y., & Altun, F. (2021). Ergenlerin öznel iyi oluş düzeylerinin ebeveyn çatışması, öz-yeterlik ve demografik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 253-270. https://doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.733554
  • Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Simon & Schuster.
  • Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
  • Silove, D. (2013). The ADAPT model: a conceptual framework for mental health and psychosocial programming in post conflict settings. Intervention, 11(3), 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1097/WTF.0000000000000005
  • Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 455-471. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490090305
  • Thabet, A. M., Thabet, S. S., & Vostanis, P. (2016). The relationship between war trauma, PTSD, depression, and anxiety among Palestinian children in the Gaza Strip. Health Science Journal, 10(5), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.9734/INDJ/2016/26895
  • Topuz, İ., Aslan, O., Püsküllü, F. N., & Arga, B. (2024). The three female characters in the braid under the spotlight: A character strengths analysis through the lens of positive psychology. Humanistic Perspective, 6(2), 222-239. https://doi.org/10.47793/hp.1432383
  • Twenge, J. M. (2017). iGen: Why today's super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happy and completely unprepared for adulthood. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 48 (8), 290-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcsr.12345
  • Ura, K., Alkire, S., Zangmo, T., & Wangdi, K. (2012). An extensive analysis of GNH index. https://doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii036
  • Vaillant, G. E. (2003). Mental health. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1373–1384. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1373
  • Vostanis, P. (2003). Impact of trauma on Palestinian children’s mental health: lessons from the Gaza studies. International Psychiatry, 1(2), 5–6. https://doi.org/10.1192/S174936760000641X Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel Araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.

Being Well in the Shadow of War: The Case of Palestine

Year 2025, Issue: 63, 221 - 238, 30.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.35237/suitder.1637460

Abstract

This study reviews 37 studies examining the well-being of Palestinian individuals, focusing on the effects of conflict and war on their physical, mental, and social health. Data from databases such as Scopus and Web of Science indicate that most research (78.94%) employed quantitative methods, primarily relational surveys. Adults (26.31%) and children (18.42%) were the primary focus groups, highlighting the significant impact of conflict on these populations. Well-being was frequently associated with variables like trauma (8.49%), gender (7.54%), and mental health (5.66%). Common issues included post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety, all of which significantly impact overall quality of life. The limited use of qualitative and mixed methods highlights gaps in understanding the deeper, contextual aspects of well-being and its long-term consequences. Findings emphasize the importance of developing human rights-based health policies and enhancing social support systems to mitigate the negative effects of conflict. This review contributes to the literature by underlining the need for more comprehensive and integrative approaches to improve both individual and societal well-being in Palestine.

References

  • Antman, E. M., Lau, J., Kupelnick, B., Mosteller, F., & Chalmers, T. C. (1992). A comparison of results of meta-analyses of randomized control trials and recommendations of clinical experts. Treatments for myocardial infarction. JAMA, 268(2), 240–248. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1992.03490020088036
  • Aslan, O., Kabakçı, Ö. F., Topuz, İ., & Maden Yılmaz, E. (2025). The search for meaning in earthquake survivors: An existentially positive psychology perspective. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/00846724251329381
  • Aydın, C. & Kaya, M. (2021). Maneviyat ve öznel iyi oluş değişkenlerinin hayatın anlamını yordaması. Amasya İlahiyat Dergisi, 17, 41-77. https://doi.org/10.18498/amailad.961401.
  • Betancourt, T. S., Meyers-Ohki, S. E., Charrow, A. P., & Tol, W. A. (2013). Interventions for children affected by war: An ecological perspective on psychosocial support and mental health care. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 21(2), 70–91. https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0b013e318283bf8f
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8.
  • Carballo, M., Smajkic, A., Zeric, D., Dzidowska, M., Gebre-Medhin, J., & van Halem, J. (2004). Mental health and coping in a war situation: The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Biosocial Science, 36(4), 463–477. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932004006753
  • Clair, R., Gordon, M., Kroon, M. (2021). The effects of social isolation on well-being and life satisfaction during pandemic. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 8, (28). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00710-3.
  • Dawel, A., Gulliver, A., Farrer, L. M., Kalokerinos, E. K., Cherbuin, N., Calear, A. L., McCallum, S., Morse, A. R., & Monaghan, C. (2023). Do emotion intensity, variability, differentiation, co-occurrence, and positive–negative ratios make unique contributions to predicting longitudinal change in psychological distress and well-being? Emotion, 23(7), 1945–1959. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001204
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological İnquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
  • Demir, Y., & Kumcağız, H. (2020). Ergenlerde yeme tutum bozuklukluğunun öznel iyi oluş, depresyon, anksiyete ve stres üzerine etkisi. International Journal of Field Education, 6(1), 24-36. https://doi.org/10.32570/ijofe.696583
  • Doğan, T., & Eryılmaz, D. A. (2013). Benlik saygısı ve öznel iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(33), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.9779/PUJE434
  • Erceylan, N., Öztürk, M., Uludağ, K., Uzunbacak, H. H., vd. (2021). İçsel motivasyon ve öznel iyi oluş arasındaki ilişki: iş becerikliliği ve akış deneyiminin seri aracılık rolü. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(40), 413-436. https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.755959
  • Giumetti, G. W., & Kowalski, R. M. (2022). Cyberbullying via social media and well-being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101314
  • Güven, M., & Aslan, A. M., (2018). Psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik alanında türkiye deki bilimsel dergilerde yayınlanan makaleler üzerine bir inceleme. Journal of International Social Research, 11, (55), 593-604. https://doi.org/10.17719/jisr.20185537232
  • Güven, M., Aslan, B., & Yıldız E., (2017). Türkiye’de 2000-2016 yılları arasında psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik alanında yapılan doktora tezlerinin incelenmesi. 8’xxinci Uluslararası Eğitimde Yeni Yönelimler Kongresi,139. Antalya, Turkey
  • Helbich, M. & Jabr, S. (2022), "Mental health under occupation: an analysis of the de-politicization of the mental health discourse in Palestine and a call for a human rights approach", International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, 15 (1), 4-16. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHRH-01-2021-0015
  • Hobfoll, S. E., Watson, P., Bell, C. C., Bryant, R. A., Brymer, M. J., Friedman, M. J., & Ursano, R. J. (2007). Five essential elements of immediate and mid–term mass trauma intervention: Empirical evidence. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 70(4), 283-315. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2007.70.4.283
  • Kadir A., Shenoda S., & Goldhagen, J. (2019) Effects of armed conflict on child health and development: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210071
  • Kaplan, V., Polat, B., & Ertuğrul, A. E. (2021). Öğrencilerin yaşadıkları sosyal görünüş kaygısı ve öznel iyi oluş algıları arasındaki ilişki. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(4), 1029-1056. https://doi.org/10.17932/IAU.IAUSBD.2021.021/iausbd_v13i4007
  • Lyubomirsky, S. (2007). The how of happiness: A scientific approach to getting the life you want. The Penguin Press.
  • Murphy E. R. (2023). Hope and well-being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 50, 101558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101558
  • Oxman, A. D., & Guyatt, G. H. (1993). The science of reviewing research. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 703, 125–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26342.x
  • Pugliesi, K. (1995). Work and well-being: gender differences in the psychological consequences of employment. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137287
  • Rand, K. L., & Snyder, C. R. (2003). A reply to Dr. Lazarus, the evocator emeritus. Psychological Inquiry, 14(2), 148-153.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069 Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
  • Sayın, Y., & Altun, F. (2021). Ergenlerin öznel iyi oluş düzeylerinin ebeveyn çatışması, öz-yeterlik ve demografik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 253-270. https://doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.733554
  • Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Simon & Schuster.
  • Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
  • Silove, D. (2013). The ADAPT model: a conceptual framework for mental health and psychosocial programming in post conflict settings. Intervention, 11(3), 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1097/WTF.0000000000000005
  • Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 455-471. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490090305
  • Thabet, A. M., Thabet, S. S., & Vostanis, P. (2016). The relationship between war trauma, PTSD, depression, and anxiety among Palestinian children in the Gaza Strip. Health Science Journal, 10(5), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.9734/INDJ/2016/26895
  • Topuz, İ., Aslan, O., Püsküllü, F. N., & Arga, B. (2024). The three female characters in the braid under the spotlight: A character strengths analysis through the lens of positive psychology. Humanistic Perspective, 6(2), 222-239. https://doi.org/10.47793/hp.1432383
  • Twenge, J. M. (2017). iGen: Why today's super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happy and completely unprepared for adulthood. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 48 (8), 290-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcsr.12345
  • Ura, K., Alkire, S., Zangmo, T., & Wangdi, K. (2012). An extensive analysis of GNH index. https://doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii036
  • Vaillant, G. E. (2003). Mental health. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1373–1384. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1373
  • Vostanis, P. (2003). Impact of trauma on Palestinian children’s mental health: lessons from the Gaza studies. International Psychiatry, 1(2), 5–6. https://doi.org/10.1192/S174936760000641X Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel Araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Social and Personality Psychology (Other)
Journal Section Psychology
Authors

İrem Topuz 0000-0002-7085-8470

Olcan Aslan 0000-0001-9987-0425

Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date February 11, 2025
Acceptance Date May 10, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 63

Cite

APA Topuz, İ., & Aslan, O. (2025). Being Well in the Shadow of War: The Case of Palestine. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi(63), 221-238. https://doi.org/10.35237/suitder.1637460