The Associaton between Cognitive-Emotion Regulation and Emotion Management
Year 2019,
Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 495 - 505, 30.12.2019
Hatice İrem Özteke Kozan
,
Mustafa Baloğlu
,
Şahin Kesici
Abstract
We studied the association between cognitive emotion regulation strategies
and emotion management skills. A total of 324 college students participated in
the study (122 menand 202 women). A demographical information form, the
Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Emotion Management Skills
Scale were used to collect the data. Canonical correlation was used in the analysis,
where cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotions management skills
were treatedas two sets of variables. The first canonical variate indicated
that those individuals who scored higher on catastrophism and self-blame
werelower on focusing, planning, evaluating, and putting into perspective. The
second canonical variate indicated that cognitive-emotional variables as a set
were negatively associated with all the emotionregulation skills with the
exception of coping. The third canonical variate indicated that higher
rumination and re-focusing on were associated with higher coping and regulation
skills but less with emotional display skills.
References
- Arguedas, M., Daradoumis, T., & Xhafa, F. (2016). Analyzing the effects of emotion management on time and self-management in computer-based learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 517-529. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.068
- Arnold, M. B. (1960). Emotion and personality. New York, NY, US: Columbia University Press.
- Bellocchi, A. (2018). Early career science teacher experiences of social bonds and emotion management. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. Advanced online publication. doi: 10.1002/tea.21520
- Çeçen, A. R. (2016). Duyguları yönetme becerileri ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(26), 101-113.
- Demir, V., & Gündoğan, N. A. (2018). Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Bilişsel Terapi Programının Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüklerini Azaltmadaki Etkisi. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 19(1), 46-66.
- Ekman, P., Levenson, R. W., & Friesen, W. V. (1983). Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions. Science, 221(4616), 1208-1210. doi: 10.1126/science.6612338
- Francis, L. E. (1994). Laughter, the best mediation: Humor as emotion management in interaction. Symbolic Interaction, 17(2), 147-163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/si.1994.17.2.147
- Frijda, N. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
- Frijda, N. H., & Mesquita, B. (1994). The social roles and functions of emotions. In S. Kitayama & H. R. Markus (Eds.), Emotion and culture: Empirical studies of mutual influence (pp. 51– 87). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2007). The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 141-149. doi: https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.23.3.141
- Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual differences, 30(8), 1311-1327. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00113-6
- Garnefski, N., Rieffe, C., Jellesma, F., Terwogt, M. M., & Kraaij, V. (2007). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems in 9–11-year-old children. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 16(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s00787-006-0562-3
- Garnefski, N., Teerds, J., Kraaij, V., Legerstee, J., & van Den Kommer, T. (2004). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: Differences between males and females. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(2), 267-276. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00083-7
- Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 10(1), 83-91. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018441
- Goleman, D. (2007). Duygusal Zeka [Emotional Intelligence]. İstanbul: Varlık Publishing
- Greenber, L.S. (2018). Duygu Odaklı Terapi: Danışanlara Duygu Koçluğu yapmak [Emotional Focused Theory: Being Emotion Coach to Clients]. Ankara: Nobel Publishing
- Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271-299. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271
- Hodgson, L. K., & Wertheim, E. H. (2007). Does good emotion management aid forgiving? Multiple dimensions of empathy, emotion management and forgiveness of self and others. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24(6), 931-949. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407507084191
- Izard, C. E. (2009). Emotion theory and research: Highlights, unanswered questions, and emerging issues. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 1-25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163539
- James, W. (1884). What is an emotion? Mind, 9(34), 188-205.
- Knobloch, L. K., & Metts, S. (2013). Emotion in relationships. In J. A. Simpson & L. Campbell (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of close relationships (pp. 514–534). New York, NY: Oxford University Press
- Kopelman, S., Shoshana, J., & Chen, L. 2009. Re-narrating positive relational identities in organizations: Self narration as a mechanism for strategic emotion man agement in interpersonal interactions. In L. M. Roberts & J. Dutton (Eds.), Exploring positive identities and organi zations: Building a theoretical and research foundation: 265-288. New York: Psychology Press
- Kozan, H. İ. Ö., Kesici, Ş., & Baloğlu, M. (2017). Affedicilik ve duyguları yönetme becerisi arasındaki çoklu ilişkinin incelenmesi [Associations between forgiveness and emotion management strategies]. Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi [Journal of Values Education], 15(34), 193-215.
- Leahy, R. L., Tirch, D., & Napolitano, L. A. (2011). Emotion regulation in psychotherapy: A practitioner's guide. NY: The Guildford Press
- Lewis, M. (1993). Self conscious emotions: Embarrasment, pride, shame and guilt. In M., Lewis & M.J., Haviland (eds), Handbook of emotions (ss.563- 575). New York: The Guilford Press.
- Logan, T. K. (2018). Factors influencing safety efficacy: examining past experience, mind-set, and emotion management. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-25. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518802849
- Mann, S. (2004). ‘People-work’: emotion management, stress and coping. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 32(2), 205-221. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0369880410001692247
- Martin, R. C., & Dahlen, E. R. (2005). Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(7), 1249-1260. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.004
- Mayer, J. D., & Geher, G. (1996). Emotional intelligence and the identification of emotion. Intelligence, 22(2), 89-113. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-2896(96)90011-2
- McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., Tomasino, D., Goelitz, J., & Mayrovitz, H. N. (1999). The impact of an emotional self-management skills course on psychosocial functioning and autonomic recovery to stress in middle school children. Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 34(4), 246-268.
- Mikolajczak, M., Nelis, D., Hansenne, M., & Quoidbach, J. (2008). If you can regulate sadness, you can probably regulate shame: Associations between trait emotional intelligence, emotion regulation and coping efficiency across discrete emotions. Personality and individual differences, 44(6), 1356- 1368. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.12.004
- Moors, A. (2009). Theories of emotion causation: A review. Cognition and emotion, 23(4), 625-662. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930802645739
- Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2008). Cognitive emotion regulation: Insights from social cognitive and affective neuroscience. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(2), 153-158. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00566.x
- Oktan, V. (2011). The predictive relationship between emotion management skills and Internet addiction. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 39(10), 1425-1430. doi: https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.10.1425
- Onat, O., & Otrar, M. (2010). Bilişsel duygu düzenleme ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları [Adaptation of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale to Turkish: Validity and Reliability Studies]. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi [Marmara University Atatürk Educational Faculty Educational Sciences Journal], 31, 123-143.
- Plotnik, R. (2009). Psikolojiye Giriş. [Introduction to Psychology] İstanbul: Kaknüs Publishing
- Rusu, P. P., Bodenmann, G., & Kayser, K. (2019). Cognitive emotion regulation and positive dyadic outcomes in married couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(1), 359-376. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407517751664
- Rydell, A. M., Berlin, L., & Bohlin, G. (2003). Emotionality, emotion regulation, and adaptation among 5-to 8-year-old children. Emotion, 3(1), 30-47.
- Scherer, K. R., Schorr, A., & Johnstone, T. (Eds.). (2001). Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research. Oxford University Press.
- Schutte, N. S., & Malouff, J. M. (2011). Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 1116-1119. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.037
- Sloan, M. M. (2008). Emotion management and workplace status: consequences for well-being. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 2(3), 236-255. doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2008.019425
- Smith, C. A., & Kirby, L. D. (2001). Toward delivering on the promise of appraisal theory. In K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr & T. Johnstone (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research. Series in affective science (pp. 121–138). New York: Oxford University Press
- Smith, C. A., & Lazarus, R. S. (1993). Appraisal components, core relational themes, and the emotions. Cognition & Emotion, 7(3-4), 233-269. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0269993930840918d
- Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. (6th Ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
- Thompson, R. A., & Calkins, S. D. (1996). The double-edged sword: Emotional regulation for children at risk. Development and Psychopathology, 8(1), 163-182. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400007021
- Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2007). Regulation of positive emotions: Emotion regulation strategies that promote resilience. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8(3), 311-333.
- Ulutaş, İ., & Ömeroğlu, E. (2007). The effects of an emotional intelligence education program on the emotional intelligence of children. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 35(10), 1365-1372. doi: https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.10.1365
- Zeman, J., Cassano, M., Perry-Parrish, C., & Stegall, S. (2006). Emotion regulation in children and adolescents. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 27(2), 155-168.
BİLİŞSEL DUYGU DÜZENLEME VE DUYGULARI YÖNETME ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Year 2019,
Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 495 - 505, 30.12.2019
Hatice İrem Özteke Kozan
,
Mustafa Baloğlu
,
Şahin Kesici
Abstract
Bu araştırmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin bilişsel duygu
düzenleme stratejileri ile duyguları yönetme becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin
incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla, araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 202 kadın, 122 erkek
toplam 324 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında,
kişisel bilgi formunun yanı sıra, Bilişsel Duygu düzenleme ölçeği ile Duyguları
yönetme becerileri ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde ise kanonik
korelasyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara
göre, en yüksek ilişkiler yıkım ve duyguları olduğu gibi gösterebilme, plana
tekrar odaklanma ve başa çıkma ve düşünceye odaklanma ile başa çıkma arasında
ortaya çıkmıştır. Birinci kanonik korelasyon sonuçlarına göre, uyumlu olmayan
bilişsel duygu düzenleme stratejileri seti ile duyguları yönetme becerileri
arasında negatif yönlü korelasyonlar ortaya çıkmıştır. İkinci kanonik
korelasyon sonuçlarına göre bilişsel duygu düzenleme stratejilerinin tümü duygu
yönetme becerileri ile –başa çıkma hariç- arasında negatif bir korelasyon
vardır. Elde edilen sonuçlar ilgili alan yazın çerçevesinde tartışılmış ve
önerilere yer verilmiştir.
References
- Arguedas, M., Daradoumis, T., & Xhafa, F. (2016). Analyzing the effects of emotion management on time and self-management in computer-based learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 517-529. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.068
- Arnold, M. B. (1960). Emotion and personality. New York, NY, US: Columbia University Press.
- Bellocchi, A. (2018). Early career science teacher experiences of social bonds and emotion management. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. Advanced online publication. doi: 10.1002/tea.21520
- Çeçen, A. R. (2016). Duyguları yönetme becerileri ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(26), 101-113.
- Demir, V., & Gündoğan, N. A. (2018). Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Bilişsel Terapi Programının Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüklerini Azaltmadaki Etkisi. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 19(1), 46-66.
- Ekman, P., Levenson, R. W., & Friesen, W. V. (1983). Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions. Science, 221(4616), 1208-1210. doi: 10.1126/science.6612338
- Francis, L. E. (1994). Laughter, the best mediation: Humor as emotion management in interaction. Symbolic Interaction, 17(2), 147-163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/si.1994.17.2.147
- Frijda, N. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
- Frijda, N. H., & Mesquita, B. (1994). The social roles and functions of emotions. In S. Kitayama & H. R. Markus (Eds.), Emotion and culture: Empirical studies of mutual influence (pp. 51– 87). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2007). The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 141-149. doi: https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.23.3.141
- Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual differences, 30(8), 1311-1327. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00113-6
- Garnefski, N., Rieffe, C., Jellesma, F., Terwogt, M. M., & Kraaij, V. (2007). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems in 9–11-year-old children. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 16(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s00787-006-0562-3
- Garnefski, N., Teerds, J., Kraaij, V., Legerstee, J., & van Den Kommer, T. (2004). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: Differences between males and females. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(2), 267-276. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00083-7
- Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 10(1), 83-91. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018441
- Goleman, D. (2007). Duygusal Zeka [Emotional Intelligence]. İstanbul: Varlık Publishing
- Greenber, L.S. (2018). Duygu Odaklı Terapi: Danışanlara Duygu Koçluğu yapmak [Emotional Focused Theory: Being Emotion Coach to Clients]. Ankara: Nobel Publishing
- Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271-299. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271
- Hodgson, L. K., & Wertheim, E. H. (2007). Does good emotion management aid forgiving? Multiple dimensions of empathy, emotion management and forgiveness of self and others. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24(6), 931-949. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407507084191
- Izard, C. E. (2009). Emotion theory and research: Highlights, unanswered questions, and emerging issues. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 1-25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163539
- James, W. (1884). What is an emotion? Mind, 9(34), 188-205.
- Knobloch, L. K., & Metts, S. (2013). Emotion in relationships. In J. A. Simpson & L. Campbell (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of close relationships (pp. 514–534). New York, NY: Oxford University Press
- Kopelman, S., Shoshana, J., & Chen, L. 2009. Re-narrating positive relational identities in organizations: Self narration as a mechanism for strategic emotion man agement in interpersonal interactions. In L. M. Roberts & J. Dutton (Eds.), Exploring positive identities and organi zations: Building a theoretical and research foundation: 265-288. New York: Psychology Press
- Kozan, H. İ. Ö., Kesici, Ş., & Baloğlu, M. (2017). Affedicilik ve duyguları yönetme becerisi arasındaki çoklu ilişkinin incelenmesi [Associations between forgiveness and emotion management strategies]. Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi [Journal of Values Education], 15(34), 193-215.
- Leahy, R. L., Tirch, D., & Napolitano, L. A. (2011). Emotion regulation in psychotherapy: A practitioner's guide. NY: The Guildford Press
- Lewis, M. (1993). Self conscious emotions: Embarrasment, pride, shame and guilt. In M., Lewis & M.J., Haviland (eds), Handbook of emotions (ss.563- 575). New York: The Guilford Press.
- Logan, T. K. (2018). Factors influencing safety efficacy: examining past experience, mind-set, and emotion management. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-25. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518802849
- Mann, S. (2004). ‘People-work’: emotion management, stress and coping. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 32(2), 205-221. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0369880410001692247
- Martin, R. C., & Dahlen, E. R. (2005). Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(7), 1249-1260. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.004
- Mayer, J. D., & Geher, G. (1996). Emotional intelligence and the identification of emotion. Intelligence, 22(2), 89-113. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-2896(96)90011-2
- McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., Tomasino, D., Goelitz, J., & Mayrovitz, H. N. (1999). The impact of an emotional self-management skills course on psychosocial functioning and autonomic recovery to stress in middle school children. Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 34(4), 246-268.
- Mikolajczak, M., Nelis, D., Hansenne, M., & Quoidbach, J. (2008). If you can regulate sadness, you can probably regulate shame: Associations between trait emotional intelligence, emotion regulation and coping efficiency across discrete emotions. Personality and individual differences, 44(6), 1356- 1368. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.12.004
- Moors, A. (2009). Theories of emotion causation: A review. Cognition and emotion, 23(4), 625-662. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930802645739
- Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2008). Cognitive emotion regulation: Insights from social cognitive and affective neuroscience. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(2), 153-158. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00566.x
- Oktan, V. (2011). The predictive relationship between emotion management skills and Internet addiction. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 39(10), 1425-1430. doi: https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.10.1425
- Onat, O., & Otrar, M. (2010). Bilişsel duygu düzenleme ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları [Adaptation of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale to Turkish: Validity and Reliability Studies]. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi [Marmara University Atatürk Educational Faculty Educational Sciences Journal], 31, 123-143.
- Plotnik, R. (2009). Psikolojiye Giriş. [Introduction to Psychology] İstanbul: Kaknüs Publishing
- Rusu, P. P., Bodenmann, G., & Kayser, K. (2019). Cognitive emotion regulation and positive dyadic outcomes in married couples. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(1), 359-376. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407517751664
- Rydell, A. M., Berlin, L., & Bohlin, G. (2003). Emotionality, emotion regulation, and adaptation among 5-to 8-year-old children. Emotion, 3(1), 30-47.
- Scherer, K. R., Schorr, A., & Johnstone, T. (Eds.). (2001). Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research. Oxford University Press.
- Schutte, N. S., & Malouff, J. M. (2011). Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 1116-1119. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.037
- Sloan, M. M. (2008). Emotion management and workplace status: consequences for well-being. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 2(3), 236-255. doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2008.019425
- Smith, C. A., & Kirby, L. D. (2001). Toward delivering on the promise of appraisal theory. In K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr & T. Johnstone (Eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research. Series in affective science (pp. 121–138). New York: Oxford University Press
- Smith, C. A., & Lazarus, R. S. (1993). Appraisal components, core relational themes, and the emotions. Cognition & Emotion, 7(3-4), 233-269. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0269993930840918d
- Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. (6th Ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
- Thompson, R. A., & Calkins, S. D. (1996). The double-edged sword: Emotional regulation for children at risk. Development and Psychopathology, 8(1), 163-182. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400007021
- Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2007). Regulation of positive emotions: Emotion regulation strategies that promote resilience. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8(3), 311-333.
- Ulutaş, İ., & Ömeroğlu, E. (2007). The effects of an emotional intelligence education program on the emotional intelligence of children. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 35(10), 1365-1372. doi: https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.10.1365
- Zeman, J., Cassano, M., Perry-Parrish, C., & Stegall, S. (2006). Emotion regulation in children and adolescents. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 27(2), 155-168.