NATO’yu Anlamak: Dönüşümü, Yeni Kimlikleri ve Uyum Süreçleri

Year 2014, Issue: 31, 209 - 225, 01.02.2014

Erdem Özlük Duygu Özlük

Abstract

Bu çalışma NATO’nun dönüşümünü, bu dönüşümün gerekçelerini ve örgütün geleceğini tartışmaktadır. Soğuk Savaş’ın bir ürünü olarak NATO, sadece Sovyet/komünist/kızıl/doğu vs. gibi tehditlere göğüs germek ve belirli bir alanda güvenliği tesis etmek amaçlarıyla kurulmamıştır. NATO, Pozitivist ittifak ya da güvenlik yaklaşımlarının çizdiği epistemik çerçeveden analiz edilebilecek sıradan bir kolektif güvenlik/savunma veya askeri ittifak modeli değildir. NATO, Soğuk Savaş’tan sonra genişleyerek ve derinleşerek ayakta kalan ve bu bağlamda “içsel uyum süreci” olarak tanımlanabilecek süreç kapsamında kurumsal reformlar hayata geçirmekte, güvenlik kimliği dışındaki kimliklerini öne çıkarmakta ve AB müktesebatına benzer bir program olan Üyelik Eylem Planıgibi programlar geliştirmektedir. Paralel olarak BİO, NATO-BM ilişkileri, NATO-Rusya ilişkileri, Akdeniz Diyalogu gibi programlarla da “dışsal uyum sürecini” hayata geçirmektedir. Örgüt, benimsediği Stratejik Konseptlerle demokrasi, insan haklarıve ekonomik işbirliği vurgularına giderek daha çok atıfta bulunmaktadır. Zira hem 1991 güncelleştirilmişhaliyle 1999 hem de 2010 yılında benimsenen Stratejik Konsept’te ittifakın üzerinde yükseldiği vurgulanan “özgürlük, demokrasi, insan hakları, hukukun üstünlüğü” gibi ortak değerlerin, askeri bir güvenlik/savunma yapısınıtanımlamak için kullanılmasıdikkat çekicidir. Uluslararasısosyalleşme sürecinin en önemli örneklerinden biri olarak NATO, Pozitivist yaklaşımlar açısından anomali gibi görünse de raison d’etreortadan kalkmasına rağmen varlığınısürdürmekte ve uluslararasıbarışve güvenlik dışında da serbest piyasa, liberal demokrasi gibi meşruiyet kaynaklarıüretmektedir.

Keywords

NATO’nun dönüşümü, uluslararasısosyalleşme, jeopolitik kimlik, içsel ve dışsal uyum süreci, stratejik konsept

Understanding NATO: Transformation, New Identities and Adaptation Process of NATO

Abstract

This study deals with transformation of NATO and discusses the reasons of transformation and future of the alliance. As an outcome of the Cold War, NATO was founded for both challenging the threats such as Soviet/communism/red/east and providing security and stability for the defined territory that stated in the article 5 of the Washington Treaty. NATO is also not an ordinary collective defense/security or military alliance that can be analyzed through classical security approach or Positivist alliance theory. NATO has been enlarging, deepening, reforming its own institutional structure via “internal adaptation process”, emphasizing security identity and new identities and developing new programs such as Membership Action Plan that similar to EU’s acquis communautaire after the Cold War. Accordingly, NATO has been carrying out its “external adaptation process” through The Partnership for Peace PfP , NATO-UN relations, NATO-Russia relations, and Mediterranean Dialogue. NATO by adopting Strategic Concepts has been mainly addressing democracy, human rights and economic cooperation. It is remarkable that even though NATO is a collective security/defense alliance, NATO has been referring common values such as freedom, democracy, human rights, rule of law to define the bases of the alliance in the strategic concepts. Despite the fact that raison d’etre died out, NATO as an example of international socialization process, -although it is considered as an anomaly according to positivist approaches- still subsists and develops new legitimacy foundations not only in the area of international peace and security also in the area of free market and liberal democracy

Keywords

Transformation of NATO, international socialization, geopolitical identity, internal and external adaptation process, strategic concept The type of research: Research

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