Bilişim Teknolojilerinden Beklenen Faydalar Yenilik ve Genel Performans Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2015, Issue: 33, 19 - 33, 01.02.2015

Hasan Bülbül

Abstract

Son 20–30 yıldan buyana bilişim teknolojileri ve firma performansı arasındaki ilişkinin anlaşılması akademisyenlerin ve yöneticilerin önemle ilgilendikleri bir konudur. Bu ilgi bilişim teknolojilerinin stratejik değeri ve firma performansına etkisine ilişkin çok sayıda çalışmanın yapılmasını sağlasa da bilişim teknolojileri ve firma performansı arasındaki ilişkiye ait karışık kanıtlar sunan geniş bir literatürün oluşmasına yol açmıştır.Bu çalışmanın amacı öncekilerden farklı olarak bilişim teknolojilerinden beklenen faydalar ile yenilik ve firma performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi gelişmekte olan bir ülkede, Türkiye’de araştırmaktır. Araştırma modeli Türkiye’nin en büyük kuruluşlarının oluşturduğu İSO 1000’de yer alan 123 firmadan elde edilen veriler kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Çalışmadaki tüm yapıların geçerliliğinin değerlendirilmesinde keşifsel ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları bilişim teknolojilerinden beklenen faydaların, bilgi, yönetsel ve örgütsel fayda olarak isimlendirilen üçlü bir yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Hipotezler yapısal eşitlik analizi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi sonuçları, bilişim teknolojilerinin faydalarının yenilik performansına doğrudan pozitif etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte bilişim teknolojilerinin sunduğu faydaların firma genel performansına doğrudan etkisi söz konusu değildir. Ancak bilişim teknolojilerinin sağladığı faydaların yenilik performansının aracılık rolü vasıtasıyla firma performansı üzerinde dolaylı etkisinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada yenilik performansının firma genel performansına doğrudan etkisinin bulunduğu da doğrulanmıştır.

Keywords

Bilişim Teknolojilerinin Faydaları, Yenilik Performansı, Firma Performansı, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi, Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi, Türkiye

Relationship between Information Technology Benefits, Innovation and Firm Performance

Abstract

Today, firms are increasingly finding themselves in a world characterized by globalization, turbulence and complexity. In this environment, the competitiveness of the firm relies less on traditional factors than was true in the past. Information now appears to be replacing traditional factors. This has led to increased importance on information technology IT . Advances in IT have vastly increased firms’ ability to collect, analyze, and disseminate information. Because of the belief that IT has a significant positive impact on organizational performance, firms have been increasing their investments in IT. Understanding the relationship between IT and firm performance has been the subject of considerable interest to researchers and practitioners since the late 1990s. This interest is reflected in the large number of studies examining the strategic value of IT and its impact on firm performance. The extant literature provides confounding evidence of the relationship between IT investments and firm performance. Moreover, results of almost all previous studies are based on data collected in the developed economies. Thus, the findings of previous studies may not be relevant to firms in developing countries. The main aim of this study is to explore the relationship between the potential benefits of IT, innovation and firm performance in a developing economy, in this case Turkey. The research model was tested using data from 123 firms listed in Turkey’s Leading 1000 Industrial Enterprises İSO 1000 database. All the constructs in the study were validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Analysis results showed that the three-factor of benefits of IT; information, managerial and organizational benefits. The data were analyzed using a structural equation analysis. Results of structural equation modeling showed that benefits of IT had a direct, positive effect on innovation performance. IT benefits were not found to directly affect firm performance. IT benefits were found to indirectly affect firm performance through the mediating roles of innovation performance. Additionally, innovation performance was found to directly affect firm performance

Keywords

Benefits of Information Technologies, Innovation Performance, Firm Performance, Confirmatory Factor

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