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COVID-19 Anxiety and Rumination in University Students in The COVID-19 Process

Year 2022, Issue: 48, 15 - 21, 29.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1096817

Abstract

This study aims to determine the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and rumination in university students and to examine the contributions of rumination in predicting COVID-19 anxiety. The research group of this study, which was conducted using the descriptive method and the relational scanning model, consisted of 417 students (86.1% female, 13.9% male) studying in different programs at Selçuk University. “COVID-19 Rumination Scale (C-19RS)”, “Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Short Form” and personal information form are data collection tools used in the study. Data collected for the research was analyzed via SPSS 25.00 package program. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships between COVID-19 anxiety and rumination scores of university students, while regression analysis was performed to determine the contribution of rumination scores in predicting COVID-19 anxiety scores. As a result of the research, there was a moderately significant positive correlation between the COVID-19 anxiety scores of university students and their rumination scores. Rumination scores of university students were found to be a significant predictor of COVID-19 anxiety scores, explaining 31% of the variance in their COVID-19 anxiety scores. The research findings were discussed in light of the literature

References

  • Ahorsu, D., Lin, C., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M., & Pakpour, A. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1–9. Advance online publication. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8.
  • Arslan, G., Yıldırım, M., & Aytaç, M. (2020). Subjective vitality and loneliness explain how coronavirus anxiety increases rumination among college students. Death Studies, 1-10. doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1824204
  • Biçer, İ., Çakmak, C., Demir, H., & Kurt, M. E. (2020). Koronavirüs anksiyete ölçeği kısa formu: Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Anatolian Clinic the Journal of Medical Sciences, 25(Special Issue on COVID 19), 216-225.
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The lancet, 395(10227), 912-920.
  • Bueno, R., Sandoval, C., & Lilienthal, K. K. (2021). The Mediating Effects of Personality on COVID-19 Anxiety and Rumination. Journal of Research in Psychology, 3(2), 1-15.
  • Calhoun, L. G., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R. G., & McMillan, J. (2000). A correlational test of the relationship between posttraumatic growth, religion, and cognitive processing. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 13(3), 521-527.
  • Chong, M.-Y., Wang, W.-C., Hsieh, W.-C., Lee, C.-Y., Chiu, N.-M., Yeh, W.-C., . . . Chen, C.-L. (2004). Psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on health workers in a tertiary hospital. The British journal of psychiatry, 185(2), 127-133.
  • Demir, Y., & Kutlu, M. (2016). Üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal etkileşim kaygısı ile mutluluk arasındaki ilişki: yalnızlığın aracı rolü. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(1), 195-210.
  • Doğan, M. M., & Düzel, B. (2020). Covid-19 özelinde korku-kaygı düzeyleri. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4).
  • Ellis, W. E., Dumas, T. M., & Forbes, L. M. (2020). Physically isolated but socially connected: Psychological adjustment and stress among adolescents during the initial COVID-19 crisis. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 52(3), 177.
  • Erdur-Baker, O., & Bugay, A. (2012). The Turkish Version of the Ruminative Response Scale: An Examination of Its Reliability and Validity. The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment, 10, 1-16.
  • Gardiner, C., Laud, P., Heaton, T., & Gott, M. (2020). What is the prevalence of loneliness amongst older people living in residential and nursing care homes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Age and Ageing, 49(5), 748-757.
  • Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Specificity of relations between adolescents’ cognitive emotion regulation strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 32(7), 1401-1408.
  • Gundogan, S. (2022). The relationship of covid-19 student stress with school burnout, depression and subjective well-being: Adaptation of the covid-19 student stress scale into turkish. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 1-12.
  • Huremović, D. (2019). Mental health of quarantine and isolation. In Psychiatry of pandemics (pp. 95-118): Springer.
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri, Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kıran, B., & Bozkur, B. (2021). Covıd-19 Rumınatıon Scale (C-19rs): Turkısh Adaptatıon Study. 2. Pearson Journal International Conference on Social Sciences &Humanities. Izmir.
  • Kang, H. S., & Kim, B. N. (2021). The Role of Event-Related Rumination and Perceived Social Support on Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from Greater Daegu Region in South Korea. Psychiatry Investigation, 18(5), 392.
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., . . . Li, R. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA network open, 3(3),
  • Lee, S. A. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies, 44(7), 393-401.
  • McLaughlin, K. A., Borkovec, T. D., & Sibrava, N. J. (2007). The effects of worry and rumination on affect states and cognitive activity. Behavior Therapy, 38(1), 23-38.
  • Michl, L. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Shepherd, K., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013). Rumination as a mechanism linking stressful life events to symptoms of depression and anxiety: longitudinal evidence in early adolescents and adults. Journal of abnormal psychology, 122(2), 339.
  • Nikolova, I., Caniëls, M. C., & Curseu, P. L. (2021). COVID‐19 Rumination Scale (C‐19RS): Initial psychometric evidence in a sample of Dutch employees. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 36(4), 1166-1177.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1987). Sex differences in unipolar depression: evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 101(2), 259.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on psychological science, 3(5), 400-424.
  • Önder, F. C., & Utkan, Ç. (2018). Bilinçli farkındalık ve algılanan stres ilişkisinde ruminasyon ve olumsuz duygu düzenlemenin aracı rolü. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(3), 1004-1019.
  • Önel, S. N. (2021). Covid-19 sürecinde öz duyarlık ve psikolojik sağlamlık ile depresyon, anksiyete, stres arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Işık Üniversitesi,
  • Rettie, H., & Daniels, J. (2021). Coping and tolerance of uncertainty: Predictors and mediators of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist, 76(3), 427.
  • Smith, J. M., & Alloy, L. B. (2009). A roadmap to rumination: A review of the definition, assessment, and conceptualization of this multifaceted construct. Clinical psychology review, 29(2), 116-128.
  • Swainston, J., Chapman, B., Grunfeld, E. A., & Derakshan, N. (2020). COVID-19 lockdown and its adverse impact on psychological health in breast cancer. Frontiers in psychology, 2033.
  • Vindegaard, N., & Benros, M. E. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence. Brain, ioehavior, and immunity, 89,531-542.
  • Watkins, E. R., & Roberts, H. (2020). Reflecting on rumination: Consequences, causes, mechanisms, and treatment of rumination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 127, 103573.
  • Wheaton, M. G., Abramowitz, J. S., Berman, N. C., Fabricant, L. E., & Olatunji, B. O. (2012). Psychological predictors of anxiety in response to the H1N1 (swine flu) pandemic. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(3), 210-218.
  • Wilkinson, P. O., Croudace, T. J., & Goodyer, I. M. (2013). Rumination, anxiety, depressive symptoms and subsequent depression in adolescents at risk for psychopathology: a longitudinal cohort study. BMC psychiatry, 13(1), 1-9.
  • Xiang, T., Liu, J., Xu, F., Cheng, N., Liu, Y., & Qian, K. (2020). Analysis of clinical characteristics of 49 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Jiangxi province. Chin J Respir Crit Care Med, 19(2), 1-7.
  • Ye, B., Zhou, X., Im, H., Liu, M., Wang, X. Q., & Yang, Q. (2020). Epidemic rumination and resilience on college students' depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of fatigue. Frontiers in Public Health, 858.
  • Yıldız, M. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinde fonksiyonel olmayan tutumların ve olumsuz otomatik düşüncelerin depresyona etkisi. Ulusal Eğitim Akademisi Dergisi,1(1),1-7. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/uead/issue/26906/299978
  • Zengin, B., & Şengel, Ü. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinin gelecekleriyle ilgili kaygı ve beklentilerinin belirlenmesi. Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 435-454.

COVİD-19 Sürecinde Üniversite Öğrencilerinde COVİD-19 Anksiyetesi ve Ruminasyon

Year 2022, Issue: 48, 15 - 21, 29.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1096817

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin COVID-19 kaygısı ve ruminasyon arasındaki ilişkiyi belirleyerek ruminasyonun COVID-19 kaygısını yordamadaki katkılarını incelemektir. Betimsel yöntemle yapılan ve ilişkisel tarama modelinin kullanıldığı bu çalışmanın araştırma grubu Selçuk Üniversitesi’nin farklı programlarında öğrenim gören 417 öğrenciden (%86,1 kız, %13,9 erkek) oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “COVID-19 Ruminasyon Ölçeği (C-19RS)”, “Koronavirüs Anksiyete Ölçeği Kısa Formu” ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma için toplanan verilerin analizinde SPSS 25.00 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Üniversite öğrencilerinin COVID-19 kaygısı ve ruminasyon puanları arasındaki ilişkilyi belirlemek üzere korelasyon analizi kullanılırken, ruminasyonun COVID-19 kaygısını yordamadaki katkısını belirlemek için regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda üniversite öğrencilerinin COVID-19 kaygısı puanları ile ruminasyon puanları arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde anlamlı ilişkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. Üniversite öğrencilerinin ruminasyon puanlarının COVID-19 kaygısı puanlarına ilişkin varyansın %31'ini açıklayarak, COVID-19 kaygısının anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu bulunmuştur. Araştırma bulguları literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.

References

  • Ahorsu, D., Lin, C., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M., & Pakpour, A. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1–9. Advance online publication. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8.
  • Arslan, G., Yıldırım, M., & Aytaç, M. (2020). Subjective vitality and loneliness explain how coronavirus anxiety increases rumination among college students. Death Studies, 1-10. doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1824204
  • Biçer, İ., Çakmak, C., Demir, H., & Kurt, M. E. (2020). Koronavirüs anksiyete ölçeği kısa formu: Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Anatolian Clinic the Journal of Medical Sciences, 25(Special Issue on COVID 19), 216-225.
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The lancet, 395(10227), 912-920.
  • Bueno, R., Sandoval, C., & Lilienthal, K. K. (2021). The Mediating Effects of Personality on COVID-19 Anxiety and Rumination. Journal of Research in Psychology, 3(2), 1-15.
  • Calhoun, L. G., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R. G., & McMillan, J. (2000). A correlational test of the relationship between posttraumatic growth, religion, and cognitive processing. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 13(3), 521-527.
  • Chong, M.-Y., Wang, W.-C., Hsieh, W.-C., Lee, C.-Y., Chiu, N.-M., Yeh, W.-C., . . . Chen, C.-L. (2004). Psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on health workers in a tertiary hospital. The British journal of psychiatry, 185(2), 127-133.
  • Demir, Y., & Kutlu, M. (2016). Üniversite öğrencilerinde sosyal etkileşim kaygısı ile mutluluk arasındaki ilişki: yalnızlığın aracı rolü. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(1), 195-210.
  • Doğan, M. M., & Düzel, B. (2020). Covid-19 özelinde korku-kaygı düzeyleri. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4).
  • Ellis, W. E., Dumas, T. M., & Forbes, L. M. (2020). Physically isolated but socially connected: Psychological adjustment and stress among adolescents during the initial COVID-19 crisis. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 52(3), 177.
  • Erdur-Baker, O., & Bugay, A. (2012). The Turkish Version of the Ruminative Response Scale: An Examination of Its Reliability and Validity. The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment, 10, 1-16.
  • Gardiner, C., Laud, P., Heaton, T., & Gott, M. (2020). What is the prevalence of loneliness amongst older people living in residential and nursing care homes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Age and Ageing, 49(5), 748-757.
  • Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2018). Specificity of relations between adolescents’ cognitive emotion regulation strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 32(7), 1401-1408.
  • Gundogan, S. (2022). The relationship of covid-19 student stress with school burnout, depression and subjective well-being: Adaptation of the covid-19 student stress scale into turkish. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 1-12.
  • Huremović, D. (2019). Mental health of quarantine and isolation. In Psychiatry of pandemics (pp. 95-118): Springer.
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri, Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kıran, B., & Bozkur, B. (2021). Covıd-19 Rumınatıon Scale (C-19rs): Turkısh Adaptatıon Study. 2. Pearson Journal International Conference on Social Sciences &Humanities. Izmir.
  • Kang, H. S., & Kim, B. N. (2021). The Role of Event-Related Rumination and Perceived Social Support on Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from Greater Daegu Region in South Korea. Psychiatry Investigation, 18(5), 392.
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., . . . Li, R. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA network open, 3(3),
  • Lee, S. A. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Studies, 44(7), 393-401.
  • McLaughlin, K. A., Borkovec, T. D., & Sibrava, N. J. (2007). The effects of worry and rumination on affect states and cognitive activity. Behavior Therapy, 38(1), 23-38.
  • Michl, L. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Shepherd, K., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013). Rumination as a mechanism linking stressful life events to symptoms of depression and anxiety: longitudinal evidence in early adolescents and adults. Journal of abnormal psychology, 122(2), 339.
  • Nikolova, I., Caniëls, M. C., & Curseu, P. L. (2021). COVID‐19 Rumination Scale (C‐19RS): Initial psychometric evidence in a sample of Dutch employees. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 36(4), 1166-1177.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1987). Sex differences in unipolar depression: evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 101(2), 259.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on psychological science, 3(5), 400-424.
  • Önder, F. C., & Utkan, Ç. (2018). Bilinçli farkındalık ve algılanan stres ilişkisinde ruminasyon ve olumsuz duygu düzenlemenin aracı rolü. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(3), 1004-1019.
  • Önel, S. N. (2021). Covid-19 sürecinde öz duyarlık ve psikolojik sağlamlık ile depresyon, anksiyete, stres arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Işık Üniversitesi,
  • Rettie, H., & Daniels, J. (2021). Coping and tolerance of uncertainty: Predictors and mediators of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist, 76(3), 427.
  • Smith, J. M., & Alloy, L. B. (2009). A roadmap to rumination: A review of the definition, assessment, and conceptualization of this multifaceted construct. Clinical psychology review, 29(2), 116-128.
  • Swainston, J., Chapman, B., Grunfeld, E. A., & Derakshan, N. (2020). COVID-19 lockdown and its adverse impact on psychological health in breast cancer. Frontiers in psychology, 2033.
  • Vindegaard, N., & Benros, M. E. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence. Brain, ioehavior, and immunity, 89,531-542.
  • Watkins, E. R., & Roberts, H. (2020). Reflecting on rumination: Consequences, causes, mechanisms, and treatment of rumination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 127, 103573.
  • Wheaton, M. G., Abramowitz, J. S., Berman, N. C., Fabricant, L. E., & Olatunji, B. O. (2012). Psychological predictors of anxiety in response to the H1N1 (swine flu) pandemic. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(3), 210-218.
  • Wilkinson, P. O., Croudace, T. J., & Goodyer, I. M. (2013). Rumination, anxiety, depressive symptoms and subsequent depression in adolescents at risk for psychopathology: a longitudinal cohort study. BMC psychiatry, 13(1), 1-9.
  • Xiang, T., Liu, J., Xu, F., Cheng, N., Liu, Y., & Qian, K. (2020). Analysis of clinical characteristics of 49 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Jiangxi province. Chin J Respir Crit Care Med, 19(2), 1-7.
  • Ye, B., Zhou, X., Im, H., Liu, M., Wang, X. Q., & Yang, Q. (2020). Epidemic rumination and resilience on college students' depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of fatigue. Frontiers in Public Health, 858.
  • Yıldız, M. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinde fonksiyonel olmayan tutumların ve olumsuz otomatik düşüncelerin depresyona etkisi. Ulusal Eğitim Akademisi Dergisi,1(1),1-7. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/uead/issue/26906/299978
  • Zengin, B., & Şengel, Ü. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinin gelecekleriyle ilgili kaygı ve beklentilerinin belirlenmesi. Optimum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 435-454.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Regional Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mustafa Güler 0000-0003-2701-1220

Binaz Bozkur 0000-0002-3821-7489

Publication Date August 29, 2022
Submission Date April 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 48

Cite

APA Güler, M., & Bozkur, B. (2022). COVID-19 Anxiety and Rumination in University Students in The COVID-19 Process. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(48), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.52642/susbed.1096817

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