Tarsus University Journal of The Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences

The Journal of Tarsus University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences aims to present the latest research articles and critical reviews suitable to ethical standards and principles of scientific publications in the subject fields of political science, public administration, management information systems, international relations, economics, business management, finance, labour economics and industrial relations.

The Journal of Tarsus University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences is a non-profit, interdisciplinary, scientific, and refereed academic journal that publishes national and international researches in social sciences within the scope of the studies of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences and Political Sciences. The publication languages of the journal are Turkish and English. The journal is published electronically and biannually.
All manuscripts submitted to the journal are sent to two referees. Manuscripts submitted to The Journal of Tarsus University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences should not have been previously published or submitted for publication elsewhere. All responsibility of the papers to be published in the journal belongs to the author or authors.

1. Articles should be saved in ‘‘MS Word’’ format and then submitted to the website of Tarsus University Journal of The Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences by logging with membership.

2. It should not be covered the information about the author(s) in the manuscripts that submitted to the journal for publishing. The information which include first name, second name, title, affiliation, e-mail accounts, ORCID ID and full address of the author(s) should be written in the ‘Author Information and Contact Form’ which is downloaded from the ‘Template and Forms’ section on the website of the Journal and then should be uploaded as a separate file to the system.

3. It is expected to be submit the wet signed ‘Copyright Form’ which indicates that authors read the publishing policy of the journal and declare that manuscript is sent to the publishing process via mail/fax or uploading to the system.

4. It is need to be uploaded the ‘‘Similarity Report’’ which can be taken from the Ithenticate or Turnitin to the system in the application process as a required for plagiarism policy of the journal.

5. When uploading your study to our journal, you should also upload the ‘Ethics Committee Permission’ document with your manuscript file. If your study is not included in the study group that requires ethics committee approval, you need to sign the declaration form and state this in the manuscript. Information on studies that require the Ethics Committee's Permission can be accessed from ‘Ethical Principals and Publishing Policy’ section of our journal website. While using the scales, survey and photographs that belong to the other researchers it should be obtained the permission from the owners as well. In case reports, it should be stated that the ‘‘Informed Consent Form’’ was taken. It should be noted that copyright regulations are complied with for the ideas and works of art used. Information all about these should be mentioned under the titled of Research and Publication Ethic Statement. Funds and Disclosure Statement just before the ‘References Section’.

6. For submitting manuscripts, firstly ‘Article Template’ which obtained from the ‘Template and Forms’ section need to be downloaded and then manuscript adjusted in accordance with the template.

7. The title of the manuscript should be Turkish if the language of the manuscript is Turkish, for English should be vice versa. It should be written in Times New Roman, 14 point, centered and CAPS. If the study is derived from the thesis or is an extended version of a paper, an asterisk (*) should be indicated at the end of the title. Then 1.5 lines of space should be left.

8. The adjustment of the cover page is as follows: If the language of the article is Turkish, first the Turkish Abstract; If the language of the article is English, the English Abstract should be written first. The title of the abstract should be centered, Times New Roman, 10 font size, 6 pt spacing before and after. The abstract should be written in Times News Roman font, 10 points, 150-250 words, and single line spacing. In the abstract, the scope, purpose, method and result of the study should be given briefly. In a new paragraph after the abstract, the title of Keywords (Times News Roman font and 10 font size and justified to the right) should be included and minimum 3, maximum 5 keywords should be written. One line space should be left after the keywords and the second language information of the study should be written. If the language of the article is Turkish, English; If the language of the article is English, the title should be in Turkish (Times New Roman 12 Points, centered, Only First Letters Capitalized) followed by a blank line. After that, if the language of the article is Turkish, the second Abstract (Abstract) is in English; If the article language is English, the second Abstract should be written in Turkish as centered and Times New Roman, 10 font size, 6 pt spacing before and after. In a new paragraph after the abstract, the title of Keywords (Times News Roman font and 10 font size and justified to the right) should be included and minimum 3, maximum 5 keywords should be written. INTRODUCTION should start from the next page after the cover information of the study is included.

9. ENTRY title should be left justified, 11 pt., capital letters and bold, 6 pt. spacing before and after. The first line after the title should be indented 1 cm from the left. The length of the article should not exceed 30 pages, including appendices and bibliography. Margins should be top 2.5 cm, right 2.5 cm, left 2.5 cm, bottom 2.5 cm, and the spacing between paragraphs should be 0 pt first and then 0 pt. Indents; right and left: 0, the first line should be 1 cm. Footnotes should be written in 9 points. All content of the article will be written in Times New Roman font and 11 points. In the titles, the spacing should be 6 pt before and after. Line spacing in text is 1.5; paragraph spacing should be 0 before and after. The arrangement of the headings in the text is as follows: 1. LEVEL HEADING: Numbered, Left Justified, Bold, 11 pt, 6 pt spacing before and after, ALL CAPS, the first line should be indented 1 cm from the left (Example: 1. METHOD OF RESEARCH). Level 2 Subtitle: Numbered, Left Justified, Bold, 11 pt, before and after 6 pt spacing, Only First Letters of Words Capitalized, first line should be indented 1 cm from the left (Example: 1.1. Hypothesis Development). 3rd Level Subtitle: Numbered, Left Justified, Bold, Italic, 11 pt, 6 pt spacing before and after, First Letters of Words Only Capitalized, first line should be indented 1 cm from the left (Example: 1.1.1. Hypothesis Development). Level 4 Subtitle: Numbered, Left Justified, Italic, 12, font size, before and after 6 pt spacing, Only First Letters of Words Capitalized, first line should be indented 1 cm from the left (Example: 1.1.1.1. Hypothesis Development).

10. The regulations regarding the tables and figures included in the text are as follows: TABLES: Make sure that the table does not exceed the page DIMENSIONS. Table title and content should be written in Times New Roman font with 10 points. The examples in the template can be used. FIGURES: 10 point Times New Roman font is used in the figures. Figure, picture and graphic titles should be written below the image in centered and bold. For subtitles such figures, pictures, graphics, etc., both the before and after options must be 0 pt in the spacing section of the paragraph tab.

11. In the CONCLUSION and OFFERINGS section, the TITLE should be left aligned, 11 points- ALL CAPS and Bold, 6 pt spacing before and after, and then the first line should be indented 1 cm from the left.

12. RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS STATEMENT, FUNDS, DISCLOSURE STATEMENT should be left aligned, 11 pt- ALL CAPITAL and Bold, 6 pt spacing before and after, and then the first line should be indented 1 cm from the left.

13. REFERENCES title should be written in Centered, ALL CAPS and Bold, 11 points, 6 pt spacing before and after. References should be written in alphabetical order, regardless of publication type (book, article, paper, etc.). The body text should be justified, Hanging (1 cm), 10 pt, 0nk, then 6pt, and single line spacing. APA 6th Edition can be used in the writing of the bibliography. All reference information in the bibliography should be written in the Latin alphabet (i.e. Arabic, Persian, Chinese, Russian, etc., the reference information written in an alphabet other than the Latin alphabet should be transcribed into the Latin alphabet and taken to the Bibliography).

14. Examples of citations in the text:
Single author (Bass, 1990: 35).
Two authors (Avolio and Bass, 2002: 25).
Three or more authors first cite (Chou et al., 2013: 65).
Reference to more than one work of the same author in the same year (Mardin, 1964a: 30) (Mardin, 1964b: 63).
If it will be shown in the sentence;
According to Sözbilir (2015: 15)…….. .
Kark and Boas (2013: 47) …… .
Chou et al., (2013: 10)…….. .
If a direct quotation is to be made, the page number(s) must be specified;
Sözbilir and Yeşil (2012: 286) determined that “personality traits have a positive and significant effect on innovative behaviors”.
It has been determined that “personality traits have a positive and significant effect on innovative behaviors” (Sözbilir and Yeşil, 2012: 286).

Examples of Bibliographies:

For books:
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: FreePress.
Avolio, B. J. and Bass, B. M. (2002). Developing potential across a full range of leadership: Cases on transactional and transformational leadership. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.

For Translation Books:
Gujarati, D. (2006). Basic econometrics. (Translated by Ü. Şenesen and G. G. Şenesen). Istanbul: Literature.

For Edited Books:
Cocks, P., Daniels, R. V., and Heer N. W. (Ed.). (1976). The dynamics of Soviet politics. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

For the Book Section in the Edited Book:
Brzezinski, Z. (1976). Soviet politics: From the future to the past? P. Cocks, R. V. Daniels, and N. W. Heer (Ed.). In The dynamics of Soviet politics (pp. 337-351). Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

For Journals:
Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19-31.
Al-Ansari, Y., Altalib, M., and Sardoh, M. (2013). Technology orientation, innovation and business performance: A study of Dubai SMEs. The International Technology Management Review, 3(1), 1-11.

Online journal articles with defined DOI:
Alfers, L., Xulu, P., and Dobson, R. (2016). Promoting workplace health and safety in urban public space: reflections from Durban, South Africa. Environment and Urbanization, 28(2), 391-404. doi:10.1177/0956247816647845.

Conference Paper:
Akyol, A. A., Tekkök B., Kadıoğlu, Y. K. and Demirci, Ş. (2006, May-June). Archaeometric studies of early Roman ceramics in Tarsus-Gözlükule [Full text report]. In F. Bayram and A. Özme (Ed.), 22nd Archeometry Results Meeting (pp. 99-114). Canakkale, Turkey: T.C. Publications of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.

Encyclopedia Article:
İnalcik, H. (1992). In Bayezid I. Encyclopedia of Islam (Vol: 5, pp. 231-234), Istanbul: Turkish Diyanet Foundation Center for Islamic Studies.

Newspaper Article:
Bardakci, M. (2019). A very important regulation has been published regarding our history and historiography. Haberturk, Column. Location taken from https://www.haberturk.com/yazarlar/murat-bardakci/2532615-tarihimiz-ve-tarihciligimizialakadar-eden-cok-onemli-bir-yonetmelik-yayinlandi.

Movie picture:
Cristaldi, F. (Producer) and Fellini, F. (Director). (1973). Amarcord [Motion Picture]. Italy and France: FC Produzioni and PECF.

For Internet Resources:
Cossin, D. and Caballero, J. (2013). Transformational leadership: Background literature review. IMD. https://www.imd.org/uupload/IMD.WebSite/BoardCenter/Web/213/Literature%20Review_Transformational%20Leadership.pdf. Access Date: 01.01.2020

For Other Resources:
Banks Association of Turkey (2007, May). Information note on the program of restructuring the debts of small and medium-sized enterprises to the financial sector.
DPT (2000). Climate change special commission report. Eighth five-year development plan. Ankara.
Sudarsanam, S., Sorwar, G., and Marr, B. (2003, October). Valuation of intellectual capital and real option models. PMA Intellectual Capital Symposium.
Yilmaz, B. (2003). Turkey's competitiveness in the European Union: A comparison with five candidate countries – Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the EU 15. Ezoneplus Working Paper No. 12.
Sarı, E. (2008). Cultural identity and politics: Interculturalism in Mardin. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara.

Publication Policy
- Tarsus University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences is a peer-reviewed, international and free-charge journal.
- It is published semi-annual, in December and June, respectively. The new issue will be uploaded to the web page in DergiPark at the end of the month.
- Journal has adopted the Open Access policy. Therefore, the articles published in the journal can be freely accessed, read, downloaded, copied, distributed, printed, linked to the full texts, and can be used for any legal purpose.
- The articles submitted to the journal are pre-examined in terms of form and content. Papers that are not suitable in terms of form and content are rejected at the editorial stage. The articles that are found suitable in terms of form and content are submitted to the editorial board to be appointed for peer-review. However, there is no guarantee that the articles submitted to the journal will be included in the reviewing process and no date is given for the evaluation period of the articles.
- The articles submitted to the journal are sent to at least two referees related to the field of the article for evaluation. If one of the referee reports is positive and the other is negative, the publication decision is made by the journal editors. If deemed necessary, the article can be sent to a third referee for evaluation.
- An author (even with multiple authors) cannot submit more than one article in a year.

Publication Ethics
The publication processes implemented in the Tarsus University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences form the basis for the development and distribution of information in an impartial and respectable manner.
The processes implemented in this direction are directly reflected in the quality of the work of the authors and the institutions that support the authors.
Peer-reviewed studies support the scientific methods.
At this point, it is important that all stakeholders of the process (authors, readers and researchers, publisher, peers, and editors) comply with the standards for ethical principles.
Within the scope of publishing ethics of the Tarsus University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, all stakeholders are expected to bear the following ethical responsibilities. iThenticate can be used for ethical control and the prevention of unethical attempts.
The ethical duties and responsibilities listed below have been prepared as open access, taking into account the guidelines and policies published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Ethical Responsibilities of Authors
The author(s) who submit a study to the Tarsus University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences are expected to comply with the following ethical responsibilities:
- The works submitted by the author(s) are expected to be original. If the author(s) benefit from or use other works, they are required to cite and/or cite completely and accurately.
- Persons who do not contribute to the content intellectually in the creation of the work should not be specified as the author.
- All studies submitted for publication should be disclosed, if any, and their relationships that may constitute a conflict of interest.
- Raw data regarding their articles can be requested from the author(s) within the framework of the evaluation processes; In such a case, the author(s) should be ready to present the expected data and information to the editorial board.
- The author(s) must have a document showing that they have the right to use the data used, the necessary permissions for the research/analysis, or the consent of the experimental subjects.
- In the event that the author(s) notices an error in their publication, early appearance or evaluation stage, they are obliged to cooperate with the editor in informing, correcting or withdrawing the journal editor or publisher.
- Authors cannot have their work in the application process of more than one journal at the same time. Each application can be started following the completion of the previous application. A study published in another journal cannot be sent to the Tarsus University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences.
- Changing the author responsibilities of a work whose evaluation process has begun (such as adding an author, changing the order of authors, removing an author) cannot be proposed.

Ethical Duties and Responsibilities of Editors
The editors of the Tarsus University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, based on the "COPE Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and "COPE Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) as open access, and should have responsibilities:

General duties and responsibilities
The editors are responsible for every publication published in the Tarsus University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences. In the context of this responsibility, editors have the following roles and responsibilities:
- Making efforts to meet the information needs of readers and writers,
- Ensuring the continuous development of the magazine,
- Conducting processes to improve the quality of studies published in the journal,
- Supporting freedom of thought,
- Ensuring academic integrity,
- Continuing business processes without compromising intellectual property rights and ethical standards,
- Demonstrating openness and transparency in terms of publication on issues that require correction and clarification.

Relations with the reader
Editors should make decisions by considering the knowledge, skills and experience expectations of all readers, researchers and practitioners. It should be careful that the published studies contribute to the reader, researcher, practitioner and scientific literature and that they are original. In addition, editors are obliged to consider the feedback from readers, researchers and practitioners, and to provide explanatory and informative feedback.

Relations with authors
The duties and responsibilities of the editors to the authors are as follows:
- Editors should make a positive or negative decision based on the importance, original value, validity, clarity of the narrative, and the aims and objectives of the journal.
- Editors should take the studies that are suitable for the scope of the publication to the preliminary evaluation stage, unless they have serious problems.
- Editors should not ignore positive referee suggestions unless there is a serious problem with the study.
- New editors should not change the decisions made by the previous editor(s) for studies unless there is a serious problem.
- "Blind Reviewing and Evaluation Process" must be published and the editors must prevent deviations that may occur in the defined processes.
- Editors should publish an "Author's Guide" that includes every subject expected from them by the authors in detail. These guides should be updated periodically.
- Authors should be informed and returned in an explanatory and informative way.

Relations with referees
The duties and responsibilities of the editors towards the referees are as follows:
- The referees should be determined in accordance with the subject of the study.
- It is responsible for providing the information and guides that the referees will need during the evaluation phase.
- It has to consider whether there is a conflict of interest between the authors and the referees.
- In the context of blind refereeing, the identity of the referees should be kept confidential.
- Encourage referees to evaluate the work in an impartial, scientific and objective language.
- Evaluate the referees with criteria such as timely return and performance.
- It should determine practices and policies that increase the performance of referees.
- Take the necessary steps to dynamically update the referee pool.
- It should prevent rude and unscientific evaluations.
- Take steps to ensure that the referee pool consists of a wide range.

Relations with the editorial board
Editors should ensure that all editorial board members follow the processes in accordance with editorial policies and guidelines. The editorial board should inform its members about the publication policies and keep them informed of the developments. The new editorial board should educate its members on editorial policies and provide the information they need.
In addition, editors;
- It should ensure that the members of the editorial board evaluate the work impartially and independently.
- The new editorial board members should be able to contribute and should be determined as appropriate.
- The members of the editorial board should submit studies suitable for their field of expertise for evaluation.
- Must interact regularly with the editorial board.
- Meetings should be held with the editorial board for the development of publication policies and the journal at regular intervals.

Relationship with the journal owner and publisher
The relationship between the editors and the publisher is based on the principle of editorial independence.

Editorial and blind peer review processes
Editors; is obliged to implement the "Blind Refereeing and Evaluation Process" policies included in the journal's publication policies.
In this context, the editors ensure that the fair, impartial and timely evaluation process of each work is completed.

Quality assurance
Editors; is responsible for publishing every article published in the journal in accordance with journal publication policies and international standards.

Protection of personal data
Editors; is obliged to ensure the protection of personal data regarding the subjects or images included in the evaluated studies. Unless the explicit consent of the individuals used in the studies is documented, they are responsible for refusing the study.
In addition, editors; The author is responsible for protecting the individual data of the referees and readers.

Ethics committee, human and animal rights
Editors; It is responsible for ensuring the protection of human and animal rights in the evaluated studies. Ethics committee approval for the subjects used in the studies is responsible for refusing the study in the absence of permission for experimental research.

Precaution against possible misconduct
Editors; is obliged to take precautions against possible abuse and misconduct. It is among the responsibilities of the editor to share the relevant findings, as well as to carry out a rigorous and objective investigation regarding the identification and evaluation of complaints regarding this situation.

Ensuring academic publication integrity
Editors should ensure that judgments containing errors, inconsistencies or misdirection in studies are promptly corrected.

Protection of intellectual property rights
Editors; is obliged to protect the intellectual property rights of all published articles and to defend the rights of the journal and the author(s) in case of possible violations. In addition, the editors are obliged to take the necessary measures so that the contents of all published articles do not violate the intellectual property rights of other publications.

Constructivism and openness to discussion
Editors;
- He/she should take into consideration the persuasive criticisms of the works published in the journal and display a constructive attitude towards these criticisms.
- The author(s) of the criticized works should be given the right to reply.
- Should not ignore or exclude studies with negative results.

Complaints
Editors; The author is obliged to carefully examine the complaints from the referees or readers and respond in an enlightening and explanatory manner.
Political and Commercial Concerns
The journal owner, publisher and no other political or commercial factors affect the editors' independent decision making.
conflicts of interest
Editors; takes into account the conflicts of interest between the author(s), referees and other editors, and ensures that the publication process of the studies is completed in an independent and impartial manner.

Ethical Responsibilities of Referees
Evaluation of all studies with "Blind Refereeing" directly affects the quality of the publication. This process provides confidence through an objective and independent evaluation of the publication.
The evaluation process of the Tarsus University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences is carried out with the principle of double-blind refereeing. Referees cannot directly communicate with authors, evaluations and comments are submitted through the journal management system. In this process, reviewer comments on evaluation forms and full texts are forwarded to the author(s) through the editor.
In this context, it is expected that the referees evaluating the work for the Tarsus University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences will have the following ethical responsibilities:
- H/She should agree to evaluate only studies related to his field of expertise.
- Evaluate with impartiality and confidentiality.
- If he thinks that he is facing a conflict of interest during the evaluation process, he should refuse to review the study and inform the journal editor.
- In accordance with the principle of confidentiality, they should destroy the studies they have examined after the evaluation process. They can only use the final versions of the studies they have reviewed after they are published.
- Make the evaluation objectively only in relation to the content of the study. Nationality, gender, religious beliefs, political beliefs and commercial concerns should not be allowed to influence the evaluation.
- Make the assessment in a constructive and courteous language. Do not make derogatory personal comments that include hostility, slander and insults.
- They should perform the work they accept to evaluate on time and with the above ethical responsibilities.

Publisher's Ethical Responsibilities
Tarsus University, the publisher of the Tarsus University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences is a non-profit public university. In this context, Tarsus University acts with the awareness of the following ethical responsibilities regarding the journal :
- The editors are responsible for all processes of the studies submitted to the journal. In this context, tdecision-makers are the editors, regardless of economic or political gains.
- It undertakes to create an independent editorial decision.
- It has the responsibility to take precautions against all kinds of scientific abuse, citation fraud and plagiarism regarding the editors.

If You Encounter an Unethical Situation
If you encounter any unethical behavior or content other than the ethical responsibilities mentioned above in the Tarsus University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences , please report it to iibfdergisi@tarsus.edu.tr via e-mail.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Tarsus University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.