Kent Kimliğinin Oluşumunda Kutsal Merkezin Yeri: İslam Dönemi Kudüs'ünde Harem-i şerif Örneği

Year 2006, Volume: 3 Issue: 4 - Volume: 3 Issue: 4, 60 - 70, 14.07.2016

Kayahan Türkantoz

https://doi.org/10.23835/tasarimkuram.240783

Abstract

Üç tektanrılı dinin ortak kutsal kenti olan Kudüs’te, 3000 yıldır kutsal merkez olarak varlığını sürdüren, İslâm döneminde de “Haremi şerif” adını almış olan bölge, kentin sahip olduğu zengin dinsel-simgesel anlam düzleminin ve bu düzleme yansıyan “kutsal geometrisinin” odak noktasıdır. Harem-i şerif’in kent kimliğinin oluşumundaki yeri incelendiğinde, söz konusu kutsal alanın, eski kentin yaklaşık 1/5’ini kaplayarak iki boyutta (planda) egemen olduğu gözlenir. Diğer taraftan, Harem-i şerif’in merkezinde yer alan ve kentteki en görkemli İslâm yapısı olan Kubbet el-Sahra, çevrenin en yüksek tepelerinden biri üzerinde yükselmesi, merkezî planlı kitlesini taçlandıran kasnağı ve soğan kubbesiyle, kente üçüncü boyutta (siluette) egemen olan güçlü bir görsel odak teşkil eder. Bir zamanlar, Süleyman Tapınağı’nın yükseldiği platformda VII. yüzyıl sonlarında Emevîler tarafından yaptırılan Kubbet el-Sahra, zaman içinde söz konusu tapınakla özdeşleşerek dördüncü boyutta ve toplumsal bellekte de Kudüs’un “simgesi” haline gelmiştir, giderek kentin “amblemi” olarak tanımlanmaya başlamış ve günümüzde “turistik objeye” dönüşmüştür. Ancak, bu dönüşümünün Kubbet el-Sahra’nın, Kudüs’ü “simgelediği” gerçeğini ortadan kaldırmadığı, bilakis güçlendirdiği ileri sürülebilir.

Keywords

Kutsal merkez, kent kimliği, görsel odak, toplumsal bellek, simge.

Importance of the Holy Center in the Formation of Urban Identity: Example of Harem-i fierif in Jerusalem of Islamic Period

Abstract

In Jerusalem, the common holy city of the three monotheistic religions, the area which survived for 3000 years as the sacred centre, and known as “Haram al-Sharif” during the Islamic period, is the focus of the town’s rich religious-symbolic background, and of the “holy geometry” reşected on it. If we study the place of the Haram al-Sharif in the formation of the urban identity, we notice that this sacred area, by occupying almost the 1/5 of the old town surface, is dominant in two dimensions (on the plan). On the other hand, the Dome of the Rock, located at the centre of Haram al-Sharif and being the most splendid Islamic building in town, constitutes a strong visual focus that dominates the holy city in the 3rd dimension (silhouette) as well, by rising on one of the highest hills of the surrounding, and with its central mass crowned by an onion-shaped dome resting on a high drum. This monument, built in the 7th century by the Umayyades at the site of the Temple of Solomon, was identified for centuries with its mythical predecessor and so became the “symbol” of Jerusalem in the 4th dimension (time) and in the collective memory. With time, this symbol was metamorphosed into an emblem and nowadays into an artefact of tourism. However, we can assert that this transformation, instead of denying, supports the fact that the Dome of the Rock “symbolises” Jerusalem.

Keywords

Sacred centre, urban identity, visual focus, collective memory, symbol

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