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Sağlıklı Bebeklerde Yaşamın İlk Dört Ayında Ağlama Davranışı, Ailelerin Ağlamaya Yaklaşımları ve Bebeklerini Sarsma Durumları

Year 2017, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 159 - 164, 01.08.2017

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı 0-4 aylık sağlıklı bebeklerin ağlama davranışlarını, ailelerin ağlayan bebeğe yaklaşımlarını ve bebeklerini sarsma durumlarını belirlemektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmaya 0-4 aylık 242 sağlıklı bebek ve 225 anne alındı. Otuz beş sorudan oluşan bir anket formu yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile uygulandı. Anket formu ailelerin sosyodemografik özelliklerini, bebeklerin ağlama nedenlerini, bebeklerin ağlama davranışlarını, ailelerin bu durumla başa çıkma yöntemlerini ve tepkilerini, ailelerin bebeklerini sarsıp sarsmadıklarını belirlemeye yönelik sorulardan oluşmaktaydı. İstatistiksel analizlerde Ki kare, Mann Whitney U ve Kruskall Wallis Varyans analizleri kullanıldı.Bulgular: Annelerin %55.6’sı bebeklerinin sıkça ağladığını düşünüyordu. Annelere göre bebeklerin ağlama nedenleri arasında bebeğin aç olması ilk sırada yer alıyordu. Bebeklerin gün içinde toplam ağlama süreleri ortanca 60 dakika (minmaks= 30-720 dakika) olarak bildirildi. Cinsiyet, doğum haftası, anne sütü ile beslenme durumu ve bebeklerin aylarına göre ağlama süreleri arasında fark saptanmadı. Bebeklerin %21.6’sının günde üç saat ve üzerinde ağladığı, %7.9’unun üç haftadan uzun süredir, haftada üç günden fazla tekrarlayan ve günde üç saatten uzun süren ağlamaları olduğu bildirildi. Annelerin bebekleri ağladığında en sık kullandıklarını üç yatıştırma yöntemi kucağa alma, emzirme ve sallama olarak belirtildi. Eğitim süresi sekiz yıl ve daha az olan annelerin %25.9, sekiz yıldan fazla olan annelerin %13.3’ü bebeklerin ağlamasını zararlı bulduğunu bildirdi (p=0.027). Annelerin %26.2’si bebekleri çok ağladığında sinirlendiğini ifade etti. Üç anne bebeği çok ağladığında susturmak için birkaç kez sarsıp/tokatladığını belirtti.Sonuç: Anne ve babaların, özellikle de eğitim düzeyi düşük annelerin ve bebeği ağladığında sinirlenen annelerin, yenidoğan döneminden itibaren bebeklerin nörogelişimsel özellikleri, ağlama davranışları ve uygun yatıştırma yöntemleri ile ilgili bilgilendirilmeleri önemlidir.

References

  • Hiscock H, Jordan B. Problem crying in infancy. MJA 2004;181: 507-12.
  • Douglas P, Hill P. Managing infants who cry excessively in the first few months of life. BMJ 2011;343:d7772.
  • Wessel MA, Cobb JC, Jackson EB, Harris GS, Detwilter BA. Paroxysmal fussing in infancy, sometimes called “colic”. Pediatrics 1954;14:421-33.
  • Merkley K. The crying infant in the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs 2006;32:535-40.
  • Hiscock H. The crying baby. Aust Fam Physician 2006;35:680-3.
  • Batu ED, Yeni S, Teksam O. The factors affecting neonatal presentations to the pediatric emergency department. J Emerg Med 2015;48:542-7.
  • Şahin F, Taşar MA. Sarsılmış bebek sendromu ve önleme programları. Turk Pediatri Arş 2012;47:152-8.
  • Barr RG. Preventing abusive head trauma resulting from a failure of normal interaction between infants and their caregivers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012;109:17294-301.
  • Abdulrazzaq YM, Al Kendi A, Nagelkerke N. Soothing methods used to calm a baby in an Arab country. Acta Paediatr 2009;98:392-6.
  • Dayton CJ, Walsh TB, Oh W, Volling B. Hush now baby: Mothers’ and fathers’ strategies for soothing their infants and associated parenting outcomes. J Pediatr Health Care 2015;29:145-55.
  • Van der Wal MF, Van den Boom DC, Pauw-Plomp H, de Jonge GA. Mothers’ reports of infant crying and soothing in a multicultural population. Arch Dis Child 1998;79:312-7.
  • St James-Roberts I, Halil T. Infant crying patterns in the first year: Normal community and clinical findings. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1991;32:951-68.
  • Cansever Z, Taşar MA, Şahin F, Çamurdan AD, Beyazova U. Ailelerin sarsılmış bebek sendromu konusundaki bilgi ve tutumları. Gazi Med J 2012;23:39-45.
  • St James-Roberts I, Plewis I. Individual differences, daily fluctuations and developmental changes in amounts of infant waking, fussing, crying, feeding and sleeping. Child Dev 1996;67:2527-40.
  • Lucassen PL, Assendelft WJ, van Eijk JT, Gubbels JW, Douwes AC, van Geldrop WJ. Systematic review of the occurrence of infantile colic in the community. Arch Dis Child 2001;84:398–403.
  • Yalçin SS, Orün E, Mutlu B, Madendağ Y, Sinici I, Dursun A, et al. Why are they having infant colic? A nested case-control study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2010;24:584-96.
  • Evanoo G. Infant crying: A clinical conundrum. J Pediatr Health Care 2007;21:333-8.
  • Taşar MA, Şahin F, Polat S, İlhan M, Çamurdan A, Dallar Y, ve ark. Sarsılmış bebek sendromu önleme programının uzun dönem sonuçları: Türkiye deneyimi. Türk Ped Arş 2014;49:203-9.
  • Akhnikh S, Engelberts AC, van Sleuwen BE, L’Hoir MP, Benninga MA. The excessively crying infant: Etiology and treatment. Pediatr Ann 2014;43:e69-75.
  • Alagöz H. İnfantil kolik: Etyoloji ve tedavi seçenekleri. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi 2013;3:148-54.
  • Özmert EN. Erken çocukluk gelişiminin desteklenmesi-III: Aile. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2006;49:256-73.
  • Fairbrother N, Barr RG, Pauwels J, Brant R, Green J. Maternal thoughts of harm in response to infant crying: An experimental analysis. Arch Womens Ment Health 2015;18:447-55.
  • Oldbury S, Adams K. The impact of infant crying on the parent- infant relationship. Community Pract 2015;88:29-34.

Crying Behaviour of Healthy Babies in the First Four Months of Life, Families’ Approach to Crying and Shaking

Year 2017, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 159 - 164, 01.08.2017

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine crying behavior of infants aged 0 to 4 months, and to identify parents’s approach to crying and shaking. Material and Methods: Two hundred and twenty five mothers of 242 babies were included in this descriptive study. A questionnaire consisting of 35 questions was administered to the mothers. The questionnaire comprised questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the baby and the mother, reasons for crying, infant’s crying behavior, and the parent’s approach to calm the baby. The parents were also asked if they shook their baby. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi square, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests.results: The ratio of mothers thinking that their infants cried often was 55.6%. Hunger was the first reason given as the cause of crying. Median for daily crying was 60 minutes . There was no significant difference between the crying duration and sex of the baby, gestational week, breastfeeding status and infant’s age. It was reported that 21.6% of the babies cried for more than three hours per day and 7.9% of them cried more than three hours per day, more than three days per week, for longer than three weeks The three most common soothing techniques used by mothers were carrying in the arms, breast-feeding and rocking. The percentage of the mothers who thought that crying was harmful for the baby was 25.9% in mothers with less than 8 years of education and 13.3% in those with more education (p=0.027). The percentage of mothers that got angry when their babies cried was 26.2%. Three mothers reported that they shook several times their babies to calm if they cried excess.conclusion: Informing the parents on neurodevelopmental characteristic and crying pattern of a baby and appropriatesoothing technique when the baby cries is important from the neonatal period, especially for angry mothers and less educated ones

References

  • Hiscock H, Jordan B. Problem crying in infancy. MJA 2004;181: 507-12.
  • Douglas P, Hill P. Managing infants who cry excessively in the first few months of life. BMJ 2011;343:d7772.
  • Wessel MA, Cobb JC, Jackson EB, Harris GS, Detwilter BA. Paroxysmal fussing in infancy, sometimes called “colic”. Pediatrics 1954;14:421-33.
  • Merkley K. The crying infant in the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs 2006;32:535-40.
  • Hiscock H. The crying baby. Aust Fam Physician 2006;35:680-3.
  • Batu ED, Yeni S, Teksam O. The factors affecting neonatal presentations to the pediatric emergency department. J Emerg Med 2015;48:542-7.
  • Şahin F, Taşar MA. Sarsılmış bebek sendromu ve önleme programları. Turk Pediatri Arş 2012;47:152-8.
  • Barr RG. Preventing abusive head trauma resulting from a failure of normal interaction between infants and their caregivers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012;109:17294-301.
  • Abdulrazzaq YM, Al Kendi A, Nagelkerke N. Soothing methods used to calm a baby in an Arab country. Acta Paediatr 2009;98:392-6.
  • Dayton CJ, Walsh TB, Oh W, Volling B. Hush now baby: Mothers’ and fathers’ strategies for soothing their infants and associated parenting outcomes. J Pediatr Health Care 2015;29:145-55.
  • Van der Wal MF, Van den Boom DC, Pauw-Plomp H, de Jonge GA. Mothers’ reports of infant crying and soothing in a multicultural population. Arch Dis Child 1998;79:312-7.
  • St James-Roberts I, Halil T. Infant crying patterns in the first year: Normal community and clinical findings. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1991;32:951-68.
  • Cansever Z, Taşar MA, Şahin F, Çamurdan AD, Beyazova U. Ailelerin sarsılmış bebek sendromu konusundaki bilgi ve tutumları. Gazi Med J 2012;23:39-45.
  • St James-Roberts I, Plewis I. Individual differences, daily fluctuations and developmental changes in amounts of infant waking, fussing, crying, feeding and sleeping. Child Dev 1996;67:2527-40.
  • Lucassen PL, Assendelft WJ, van Eijk JT, Gubbels JW, Douwes AC, van Geldrop WJ. Systematic review of the occurrence of infantile colic in the community. Arch Dis Child 2001;84:398–403.
  • Yalçin SS, Orün E, Mutlu B, Madendağ Y, Sinici I, Dursun A, et al. Why are they having infant colic? A nested case-control study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2010;24:584-96.
  • Evanoo G. Infant crying: A clinical conundrum. J Pediatr Health Care 2007;21:333-8.
  • Taşar MA, Şahin F, Polat S, İlhan M, Çamurdan A, Dallar Y, ve ark. Sarsılmış bebek sendromu önleme programının uzun dönem sonuçları: Türkiye deneyimi. Türk Ped Arş 2014;49:203-9.
  • Akhnikh S, Engelberts AC, van Sleuwen BE, L’Hoir MP, Benninga MA. The excessively crying infant: Etiology and treatment. Pediatr Ann 2014;43:e69-75.
  • Alagöz H. İnfantil kolik: Etyoloji ve tedavi seçenekleri. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi 2013;3:148-54.
  • Özmert EN. Erken çocukluk gelişiminin desteklenmesi-III: Aile. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2006;49:256-73.
  • Fairbrother N, Barr RG, Pauwels J, Brant R, Green J. Maternal thoughts of harm in response to infant crying: An experimental analysis. Arch Womens Ment Health 2015;18:447-55.
  • Oldbury S, Adams K. The impact of infant crying on the parent- infant relationship. Community Pract 2015;88:29-34.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA92UE76EU
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Zeynep Baykan This is me

Meda Kondolot This is me

Ali Baykan This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2017
Submission Date August 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Baykan Z, Kondolot M, Baykan A. Crying Behaviour of Healthy Babies in the First Four Months of Life, Families’ Approach to Crying and Shaking. Turkish J Pediatr Dis. 2017;11(3):159-64.


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