Giriş: Yenidoğan yoğunbakım ünitelerinde (YYBÜ) mekanik ventilasyon hayat kurtarıcı, mortalite ve morbiditede belirgin azalma sağlayan, oksijenizasyon ve ventilasyonu iyileştiren bir destek tedavi yöntemidir. Bu çalışmada mekanik ventilasyon uygulanan yenidoğanların tedavi endikasyonları, komplikasyonlar ve prognozlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Materyal-Metod: Yenidoğan yoğunbakım ünitemizde 1 Ocak -31 Aralık 2006 tarihlerinde mekanik ventilasyon desteği uygulanan yenidoğanlar retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmek üzere klinik ve laboratuar özellikleri bakımından çalışmaya alındı.Bulgular: Hastanemizde 2006 yılında izlenen 1148 yenidoğandan mekanik ventilasyon desteği uygulanan 73 (%6.4) olgu çalışmaya alındı. Kız / erkek oranı 33/40, term/preterm oranı 30/43, sezaryen / vajinal doğum oranı 29/44, ortalama gestasyon yaşları 35±4.5 hafta (24-42 hafta), doğum ağırlıkları 2326.3±885.5 g (530-3800 g), doğum sonrası yaşları 6.5±11 gün (0-60 gün), 5. dakika Apgar skorları 6.3±2.8 (0-10),mekanik ventilasyon destek süreleri 7.6±7.5 gün (1-35 gün), başvuru anında Clinical Risk İndeks of Babies (CRIB) skorları 5.12±2.96 (0-13) idi. Olgulardan %68.5’i başka merkezden gönderilmişti. Bunlardan sadece dördüne transport esnasında entübasyon ve pozitif basınçlı ventilasyon uygulanmıştı.Ventilasyon desteği uygulanma nedenleri neonatal pnömoni (%24.7), respiratuvar distres sendromu ve/veya prematürite (%21.9), perinatal asfiksi (%13.7), sepsis (%11) idi. Komplikasyon %27.4 oranında gelişti; sırasıyla atelektazi (%15.1), nozokomiyal pnömoni (%13.7), pulmoner kanama (%9.5), pnömotoraks (%6.8) görüldü. Ventilasyon uygulanan yenidoğanlarda mortalite oranı %42.5 (n=31) bulundu, en fazla prematüre doğumla ilişkili nedenler (%20.5) ve majör konjenital anomaliler nedeniyle (%6.8) bebeklerin kaybedildiği görüldü. Mortalite ile başvuru anında CRIB skoru (p=0.014), beşinci dakika Apgar skoru (p<0.0001), pulmoner hipertansiyon (p=0.04), konjenital kalp hastalığı (p<0.0001), perinatal asfiksi (p=0.05), ventilasyon süresi (p=0.03), transport edilme (p=0.001) arasındaki ilişkinin anlamlı olduğu bulundu. Komplikasyon gelişimi ve mortalite arasında anlamlı ilişkili saptanmadı (p>0.05).Sonuç: Mekanik ventilasyon uygulaması yenidoğanlarda hayat kurtarıcı bir tedavi şeklidir. Bununla birlikte ventilasyon destek ihtiyacı olan yenidoğanlara bu desteğin verilmesinde gecikme olduğu, ventilasyon destek ihtiyacı olup transport edilen yenidoğanlara transport sırasında ventilatör desteği yapılmadığı, ventilatör uygulandığında gerekli bakımın ve sürekliliğin eğitimli personel tarafından sağlanamadığı durumlarda mortalite ve morbiditede belirgin iyileşme beklenilmemelidir. Ventilasyon uygulanan yenidoğanlarda invaziv girişimlerin azaltılarak sterilizasyon açısından dikkatli olunması morbidite, mortaliteyi ve komplikasyon gelişimini azaltacaktır.
Objective: Mechanical ventilation, one of the life saving mode of therapy, decreases morbidity and mortality in neonates, and serves to support adequate ventilation and oxygenation. We aimed to define the neonates, indications, complications and mortality due to mechanical ventilation.Method: We investigated the hospital records of the newborns hospitalized in our neonatal intensive care unit between 1 January 2006 / 31 December 2006. Mechanically ventilated neonates were included in this study.Results: There were 1148 neonates hospitalized over a year study period and 73 of them (6.4%) were included in this study. The ratios of female/male, term/preterm, cesarean/vaginal deliveries were 33/40, 30/43, and 29/44 respectively. The mean birth weight was 2326.3±885.5 g (530-3800 g), postnatal age was 6.5±11 days (0-60 days), gestational age was 35±4.5 weeks (24-42 weeks), 5th minute Apgar score was 6.3±2.8 , Clinical Risk İndeks Scor of Babies (CRIB) score on admission was 5.12±2.96 , mechanical ventilation time was 7.6±7.5 days (1-35 days). The number of neonates transported to our unit was 50 (68.5%). Only 4 of these babies were ventilated by positive pressure ventilation via endotrakeal entubation during the transport. Endications to mechanical ventilation were neonatal pneumonia (24.7%), respiratory distress syndrome and/or prematurity related disorders (21.9%), sepsis (11%) and perinatal asphyxia (13.7%). The ratio of complications was 27.4%, and these were atelectasis (15.1%), nosocomial pneumonia (13.7%), pulmonary haemorrhage (9.5%), pneumotorax (6.8%). The ratio of mortality was 42.5% (n=31), especially in the infants of premature births and major congenital anomalies. We found significant relation between mortality and CRIB score on admission (p=0.014), 5th minute Apgar score (p<0.0001), pulmonary hypertension (p=0.04), congenital heart disease (p<0.0001), perinatal asphyxia (p=0.05), duration of mechanical ventilation (p=0.03), and transportation (p=0.001). There was no relation between complication and mortality (p>0.05). Conclusion: Mechanical ventilation is a life saving way of therapy for the neonates. On the other hand, improvement of mortality and morbidity should not be expectate, if there is a delay in the initiation of mechanical ventilation, not to ventilate the babies with insufficient respiration during transportation, not to support these babies under optimal conditions and concurrently by trained health care proffessionals during the application of mechanical ventilation. The mortality, morbidity, and complications of mechanical ventilation in neonates should be decreased by applying appropriate and early support by trained health care proffessionals concurrently, especially without cessation during transport of baby to another hospital, aseptic and minimal invasive procedures in the unit
Other ID | JA86GF65BR |
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Journal Section | Research Article |
Authors | |
Publication Date | April 1, 2009 |
Submission Date | April 1, 2009 |
Published in Issue | Year 2009 Volume: 3 Issue: 4 |
The publication language of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease is English.
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