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Çocuklarda Demir Eksikliği Anemisi

Year 2008, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 43 - 57, 01.06.2008

Bahattin Tunç

Abstract

Demir eksikliği anemisi dünyada en yaygın olarak rastlanan beslenme bozukluğudur. Bir milyardan fazla insanın bundan etkilendiği tahmin edilmektedir. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki infant ve çocuklarda önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Çocuklarda büyümeyi, kognitif fonksiyonları ve fiziksel aktiviteyi olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı çocuklarda demir eksikliği anemisinin tanı, tedavi ve korunmasını hatırlatmaktır.

Keywords

Demir eksikliği anemi çocuk

References

  • Schneider JM, Fujii ML, Lamp CL,Lönnerdal B, Zidenberg- Cherr S. Anemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia in 1236-mo-old children from low-income families. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82:1269- 1275.
  • Mamiro PS, Kolsteren P, Roberfroid D,Tatala S, Opsomer AS, Van Comp JH. Feeding practices and factors contributing to wasting, stunting, and iron-deficiency anaemia among 323-month old children in Kilosa district, rural Tanzania. J Health Popul Nutr 2005; 23:222- 230.
  • Siegel EH, Stoltzfus RJ, Khatry SK,Leclerq SC, Katz J, Tielsch JM . Epidemiology of anemia among 4-to 17-month-old children living in south central Nepal. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 60:228-235.
  • Provan D. Mechanisms and management of iron deficiency anaemia. Br J Haematol 1999; 105: 19-26.
  • Khusun H, Yip R, Schultink W, Dillon DH. World health organiza- tion hemoglobin cutt-off points for the detection of anemia are valid for an Indonesian population. J Nutr 1999;129:1669-1674.
  • Gökçay G, Kılıç A: Çocuklarda demir eksikliği anemisinin epidemi- yolojisi; Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2000;43:3-13.
  • Shayeghi M, Latunde-Dada GO, Oakhill JS, Laftah AH; Takeuchi K, Holliday N, Khan Y, Warley A, McCann FE, Hider RC, Frazer DM, Anderson GJ, Vulpe CD, Simpson RJ, McKie AT. Identification of an intestinal heme transporter. Cell 2005; 122:789-801.
  • Moriya M, Linder MC. Vesicular transport and apotransferrin in intestinal iron absorption, as shown in the Caco-2 cell model. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 290:301-309.
  • Lozoff B,DE Andraca I, Castillo M, Smith B, Walter T, Pino P.Behavioral and Developmental Effects of Preventing Iron
  • Hagar W, Theil EC, Vichinsky EP. Diseases of iron metabolism. Pe- diatr Clin North Am 2002;49:893-909.
  • Yıldız İ, Yüksel L: Kan hastalıkları. Onat T (Editörler). Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları. İstanbul; Eksen Yayınları. 1996;611-516.
  • Finch CA, Huebers HA. Iron metabolism. Clin Physio Biochem 1986;4:5-10.
  • Lanzkowsky P: Hematologic reference values. in Lanzkowsky P (Ed). Manual of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. California: Acade- mic Press. 2005:775-799.
  • Anttila R, Cook JD, Siimes MA. Body iron stores decrease in boys du- ring pubertal development: the transferrin receptor-ferritin ratio as an indicator of iron status. Pediatr Res 1997;41:224-228.
  • Andrews CN. Disorders of Iron Metabolism and Sideroblastic Ane- mia. In: Nathan and Oski's (ed). Hematology of Infancy and Child- hood. 6 ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders company. 2003; 456-475. th
  • Pettersson T, Kivivuor SM, Siimes MA: Is serum transferrin receptor useful for detecting iron deficiency in anaemic patients with chronic inflammatory diseases? Br J Rheumatol. 1994;33:740-744.
  • Huebers HA, Beguin Y, Pootrakul P, Einspahr D, Finch CA. Intact transferrin receptors in human plasma and their relation to erythro- poiesis. Blood 1990;75:102-107.
  • Behrman R: Diseases of the blood. In: Kliegman R, Nelson W, Vaughan V (Eds.). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 14 th ed. Phila- delphia: W.B.Saunders Com. 2004;1614-1616.
  • Brugnara C. Iron deficiency and erythropoiesis: new diagnostic approaches. Clin Chem 2003: 49; 1573-1578.
  • Matsuda A, Bessho M., Mori S., Takeuchi T., Abe T., Yawata Y., Mori H., Omeine M, Nakamura Y., Furusawa S., Maeda T., Haginosita S., Hirasawa Y., Kinugasa E., Akizawa T., Kawakami T., Nagata A., Hirashima K. Diagnostic significance of serum soluble transferrin receptors in various anemic diseases. The first multi-institutional joint study in Japan. Haematoloqia. 2002;32:225-238.
  • Britteham GM: Disorders of iron metabolism: Iron deficiency and i
  • Oski FA: Iron deficiency in infancy and chilhood. N Eng J Med 1993;329:190-193.
  • Suzuki YA, Lopez V, Loönnerdal B. Mammalian lactoferrin recep tors: structure and function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2005; 62:2560-2575.
  • Domellöf M. Iron requirements, absorption and metabolism in in- fancy and childhood. Curr Opin clin Nutr Metab Care 2007; 10:329- 335.
  • Ganz T, Nemeth E. Iron imports. IV. Hepcidin and regulation of body iron metabolism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 290:199-203.
  • Hugman A. Hepcidin: an important new regulator of iron home- ostasis. Clin Lab Haematol 2006; 28:75-83.
  • Hadley KB, Johnson LK, Hunt JR. Iron absorption by healthy wo- men is not associated with either serum or urinary prohepcidin. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006; 84:150-155.
  • Tiker F, Celik B, Tarcan A, Kilicdaq H, Ozbek N, Gurakan B. Serum pro-hepcidin levels and relationships with iron parameters in healthy preterm and term newborns. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2006; 23:293- 297.
  • Chen Z, Griffin IJ, Plumlee LM,Abrams SA. High resolution in- ductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry allows rapid assessment of iron absorption in infants and children. J Nutr. 2005; 135:1790- 1795.
  • Hurrell RF, Lynch SR, Trinidad TP, Dassenko SA, Cook JD. Iron ab- sorption in humans as influenced by bovine milk proteins. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;49:546-552.
  • Kibangou IB, Bouhallab S, Henry G, Bureau F, Allouche S, Blais A, Guèin P, Arhan P, Bouqle DL. Milk proteins and iron absorption: Contrasting effects of different caseinophosphopeptides. Pediatr Res. 2005; 58:731-734.
  • Kariger PK, Stoltzfus RJ, Olney D, Sazawal S, Black R, Tielsch JM, Frangillo EA, Khalfan SS, Pollitt E. Iron deficiency and physical growth predict attainment of walking but not crawling in poorly nou- rished Zanzibari infants. J Nutr. 2005; 135:814-819.
  • Siegel EH, Stoltzfus RJ, Kariger PK,Katz J, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC,
  • Pollitt E, Tielsch JM . Growth indices, anemia, and diet independently Sachdev H, Gera T, Nestel P. Effect of iron supplementation on mental and motor development in children: systematic review of ran- domised controlled trials. Public Health Nutr. 2005; 8:117-132.
  • Wharton BA. Iron deficiency in children: detection and prevention. Br J Haematol. 1999; 106: 270-280.
  • Ulukol B, Tezcan S, Akar N, Gökce H, Cin S. Evaluation of Erythropoiesis by Serum Transferrin Receptor and Ferritin in infants aged 0-6 months. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2004:21; 293-305.
  • Dallman PR: Progress in the prevention of iron deficiency in infants. Acta Pediatr Scand. 1990;365:28-37.
  • Buchanan GR. The trageyd of iron deficiency during infancy and early childhood. J. Pediatr. 1999;135:413-415. th 1076.
  • Punnonen K, Irjala K, Rajamaki A. Serum transferrin receptor and its ratio to serum ferritin in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Blo- od.1997;89:1052-1057.
  • Labbe RF, Dewanji A. Iron assessment tests: transferrin receptor vis- a-vis zinc protoporphyrin. Clin Biochem.2004; 37:165-174.
  • Ağaoğlu L. Kan hastalıkları. Anemiler In: Neyzi O, Ertuğrul T. Pedi- atri. Cilt 2. 16.B. İzmir: Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri; 2002:1042-1064.
  • Özsoylu Ş.Erythroblastopenic crisis in iron deficiency anemia. Acta Haematol.1989; 81:221.
  • Suominen P, Lehtonen Veromaa M, Heinonen OJ, Salmi TT, Alanen M, Möttenen T, Rajamäki A, Irjala K. Regression-based reference li- mits for serum transferrin receptor children 6 months to 16 years of age. Clin Chem. 2001;47:935-937.
  • Choi JW, Pai SH. Reticulocyte subpopulations and reticulocyte matu- rity ındex (RMI) rise as body ıron status falls. Am J Hematol. 2001: 67; 130-135.
  • Youdim MB, Grahame-Smith DG, Woods HF.Some properties of human platelet monoamine oxidase in iron-deficiency anaemia. Clin Sci Mol Med. 1976 ;50:479-485.
  • Oski F, Honig A, Helu B, Hawanitz P. The Effects of therapy on be- havior Performance in nonanemic, iron deficient infants. Pediatrics. 1983,71:877-880.
  • Prasad AS. Recognition of zinc-deficiency syndrome. Nutrition.
  • Beguin Y, Clemons GK, Pootrakul P, Fillet G. Quantitative assess- ment of erythropoiesis and functional classification of anemia based on measurements of serum transferrin receptor and erythropoietin. Blood. 1993;81:1067-1076.
  • Cazzola M, Guarnone R, Cerani P, Centenara E, Rovati A, Beguin Y. Red blood cell precursor mass as an independent determinant of se- rum erythropoietin level. Blood. 1993;81:1067-1076.
  • Holmberg L. Soluble transferrin receptor in the diagnosis of anaemia and iron deficiency in childhood. Acta Paediatr. 2000; 89;1152-1153.
  • Lozoff B, Wolf AW, Jimenez E. Iron deficiency anemia and ınfant de- velopment. Effects of extended oral ıron therapy. J. Pediatr. 1996; 129:382-389.
  • Lipschitz DA. The anemia of chronic disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990;38:1258-1264.
  • Mast AE, Blinder MA, Gronowski AM, Chumley C, Scott MG. Clini- cal utility of the soluble transferrin receptor and comparison with se- rum ferritin several populations. Clin Chem 1998;44:45-51.
  • Gençgönül H, Cin S, Akar N, Deda G. Iron and zinc levels in breath
  • Kazancı E, Kavaklı T, Altınöz S, Aydoğan A. Katılma nöbetli ço- cuklarda demir tedavisinin önemi. Ege Pediatri Bült. 2003;10:61-65.
  • Dimitriou H, Stiakaki E, Markaki EA, Bolonaki l, Giannakopoulou C, Kalmanti M. Soluble transferrin receptor levels and soluble trans- ferrin receptor / log ferritin index in the evaluation of erythro-poietic status in childhood infections and malignancy. Acta Pediatr. 2000;89: 1169-1173.
  • Özsoylu Ş. Demir eksikliği kansızlığı. Bilim ve Teknik 1991;24:49.
  • Özsoylu Ş, Özbek N. Bioavilability of iron Experimental Hematol 1991;19:1065.

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN CHILDREN

Year 2008, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 43 - 57, 01.06.2008

Bahattin Tunç

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most widespread nutritional disorder in the world, affecting an estimated over one billion people. Especially it is a significant health problem of infant and children in developing countries. IDA impairs growth and cognitive performance, and reduces physical activity in children. The aim of this review is to remind the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of iron deficiency anemia in children

Keywords

Iron deficiency anemia child

References

  • Schneider JM, Fujii ML, Lamp CL,Lönnerdal B, Zidenberg- Cherr S. Anemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia in 1236-mo-old children from low-income families. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82:1269- 1275.
  • Mamiro PS, Kolsteren P, Roberfroid D,Tatala S, Opsomer AS, Van Comp JH. Feeding practices and factors contributing to wasting, stunting, and iron-deficiency anaemia among 323-month old children in Kilosa district, rural Tanzania. J Health Popul Nutr 2005; 23:222- 230.
  • Siegel EH, Stoltzfus RJ, Khatry SK,Leclerq SC, Katz J, Tielsch JM . Epidemiology of anemia among 4-to 17-month-old children living in south central Nepal. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 60:228-235.
  • Provan D. Mechanisms and management of iron deficiency anaemia. Br J Haematol 1999; 105: 19-26.
  • Khusun H, Yip R, Schultink W, Dillon DH. World health organiza- tion hemoglobin cutt-off points for the detection of anemia are valid for an Indonesian population. J Nutr 1999;129:1669-1674.
  • Gökçay G, Kılıç A: Çocuklarda demir eksikliği anemisinin epidemi- yolojisi; Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2000;43:3-13.
  • Shayeghi M, Latunde-Dada GO, Oakhill JS, Laftah AH; Takeuchi K, Holliday N, Khan Y, Warley A, McCann FE, Hider RC, Frazer DM, Anderson GJ, Vulpe CD, Simpson RJ, McKie AT. Identification of an intestinal heme transporter. Cell 2005; 122:789-801.
  • Moriya M, Linder MC. Vesicular transport and apotransferrin in intestinal iron absorption, as shown in the Caco-2 cell model. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 290:301-309.
  • Lozoff B,DE Andraca I, Castillo M, Smith B, Walter T, Pino P.Behavioral and Developmental Effects of Preventing Iron
  • Hagar W, Theil EC, Vichinsky EP. Diseases of iron metabolism. Pe- diatr Clin North Am 2002;49:893-909.
  • Yıldız İ, Yüksel L: Kan hastalıkları. Onat T (Editörler). Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları. İstanbul; Eksen Yayınları. 1996;611-516.
  • Finch CA, Huebers HA. Iron metabolism. Clin Physio Biochem 1986;4:5-10.
  • Lanzkowsky P: Hematologic reference values. in Lanzkowsky P (Ed). Manual of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. California: Acade- mic Press. 2005:775-799.
  • Anttila R, Cook JD, Siimes MA. Body iron stores decrease in boys du- ring pubertal development: the transferrin receptor-ferritin ratio as an indicator of iron status. Pediatr Res 1997;41:224-228.
  • Andrews CN. Disorders of Iron Metabolism and Sideroblastic Ane- mia. In: Nathan and Oski's (ed). Hematology of Infancy and Child- hood. 6 ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders company. 2003; 456-475. th
  • Pettersson T, Kivivuor SM, Siimes MA: Is serum transferrin receptor useful for detecting iron deficiency in anaemic patients with chronic inflammatory diseases? Br J Rheumatol. 1994;33:740-744.
  • Huebers HA, Beguin Y, Pootrakul P, Einspahr D, Finch CA. Intact transferrin receptors in human plasma and their relation to erythro- poiesis. Blood 1990;75:102-107.
  • Behrman R: Diseases of the blood. In: Kliegman R, Nelson W, Vaughan V (Eds.). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 14 th ed. Phila- delphia: W.B.Saunders Com. 2004;1614-1616.
  • Brugnara C. Iron deficiency and erythropoiesis: new diagnostic approaches. Clin Chem 2003: 49; 1573-1578.
  • Matsuda A, Bessho M., Mori S., Takeuchi T., Abe T., Yawata Y., Mori H., Omeine M, Nakamura Y., Furusawa S., Maeda T., Haginosita S., Hirasawa Y., Kinugasa E., Akizawa T., Kawakami T., Nagata A., Hirashima K. Diagnostic significance of serum soluble transferrin receptors in various anemic diseases. The first multi-institutional joint study in Japan. Haematoloqia. 2002;32:225-238.
  • Britteham GM: Disorders of iron metabolism: Iron deficiency and i
  • Oski FA: Iron deficiency in infancy and chilhood. N Eng J Med 1993;329:190-193.
  • Suzuki YA, Lopez V, Loönnerdal B. Mammalian lactoferrin recep tors: structure and function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2005; 62:2560-2575.
  • Domellöf M. Iron requirements, absorption and metabolism in in- fancy and childhood. Curr Opin clin Nutr Metab Care 2007; 10:329- 335.
  • Ganz T, Nemeth E. Iron imports. IV. Hepcidin and regulation of body iron metabolism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 290:199-203.
  • Hugman A. Hepcidin: an important new regulator of iron home- ostasis. Clin Lab Haematol 2006; 28:75-83.
  • Hadley KB, Johnson LK, Hunt JR. Iron absorption by healthy wo- men is not associated with either serum or urinary prohepcidin. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006; 84:150-155.
  • Tiker F, Celik B, Tarcan A, Kilicdaq H, Ozbek N, Gurakan B. Serum pro-hepcidin levels and relationships with iron parameters in healthy preterm and term newborns. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2006; 23:293- 297.
  • Chen Z, Griffin IJ, Plumlee LM,Abrams SA. High resolution in- ductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry allows rapid assessment of iron absorption in infants and children. J Nutr. 2005; 135:1790- 1795.
  • Hurrell RF, Lynch SR, Trinidad TP, Dassenko SA, Cook JD. Iron ab- sorption in humans as influenced by bovine milk proteins. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;49:546-552.
  • Kibangou IB, Bouhallab S, Henry G, Bureau F, Allouche S, Blais A, Guèin P, Arhan P, Bouqle DL. Milk proteins and iron absorption: Contrasting effects of different caseinophosphopeptides. Pediatr Res. 2005; 58:731-734.
  • Kariger PK, Stoltzfus RJ, Olney D, Sazawal S, Black R, Tielsch JM, Frangillo EA, Khalfan SS, Pollitt E. Iron deficiency and physical growth predict attainment of walking but not crawling in poorly nou- rished Zanzibari infants. J Nutr. 2005; 135:814-819.
  • Siegel EH, Stoltzfus RJ, Kariger PK,Katz J, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC,
  • Pollitt E, Tielsch JM . Growth indices, anemia, and diet independently Sachdev H, Gera T, Nestel P. Effect of iron supplementation on mental and motor development in children: systematic review of ran- domised controlled trials. Public Health Nutr. 2005; 8:117-132.
  • Wharton BA. Iron deficiency in children: detection and prevention. Br J Haematol. 1999; 106: 270-280.
  • Ulukol B, Tezcan S, Akar N, Gökce H, Cin S. Evaluation of Erythropoiesis by Serum Transferrin Receptor and Ferritin in infants aged 0-6 months. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2004:21; 293-305.
  • Dallman PR: Progress in the prevention of iron deficiency in infants. Acta Pediatr Scand. 1990;365:28-37.
  • Buchanan GR. The trageyd of iron deficiency during infancy and early childhood. J. Pediatr. 1999;135:413-415. th 1076.
  • Punnonen K, Irjala K, Rajamaki A. Serum transferrin receptor and its ratio to serum ferritin in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Blo- od.1997;89:1052-1057.
  • Labbe RF, Dewanji A. Iron assessment tests: transferrin receptor vis- a-vis zinc protoporphyrin. Clin Biochem.2004; 37:165-174.
  • Ağaoğlu L. Kan hastalıkları. Anemiler In: Neyzi O, Ertuğrul T. Pedi- atri. Cilt 2. 16.B. İzmir: Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri; 2002:1042-1064.
  • Özsoylu Ş.Erythroblastopenic crisis in iron deficiency anemia. Acta Haematol.1989; 81:221.
  • Suominen P, Lehtonen Veromaa M, Heinonen OJ, Salmi TT, Alanen M, Möttenen T, Rajamäki A, Irjala K. Regression-based reference li- mits for serum transferrin receptor children 6 months to 16 years of age. Clin Chem. 2001;47:935-937.
  • Choi JW, Pai SH. Reticulocyte subpopulations and reticulocyte matu- rity ındex (RMI) rise as body ıron status falls. Am J Hematol. 2001: 67; 130-135.
  • Youdim MB, Grahame-Smith DG, Woods HF.Some properties of human platelet monoamine oxidase in iron-deficiency anaemia. Clin Sci Mol Med. 1976 ;50:479-485.
  • Oski F, Honig A, Helu B, Hawanitz P. The Effects of therapy on be- havior Performance in nonanemic, iron deficient infants. Pediatrics. 1983,71:877-880.
  • Prasad AS. Recognition of zinc-deficiency syndrome. Nutrition.
  • Beguin Y, Clemons GK, Pootrakul P, Fillet G. Quantitative assess- ment of erythropoiesis and functional classification of anemia based on measurements of serum transferrin receptor and erythropoietin. Blood. 1993;81:1067-1076.
  • Cazzola M, Guarnone R, Cerani P, Centenara E, Rovati A, Beguin Y. Red blood cell precursor mass as an independent determinant of se- rum erythropoietin level. Blood. 1993;81:1067-1076.
  • Holmberg L. Soluble transferrin receptor in the diagnosis of anaemia and iron deficiency in childhood. Acta Paediatr. 2000; 89;1152-1153.
  • Lozoff B, Wolf AW, Jimenez E. Iron deficiency anemia and ınfant de- velopment. Effects of extended oral ıron therapy. J. Pediatr. 1996; 129:382-389.
  • Lipschitz DA. The anemia of chronic disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990;38:1258-1264.
  • Mast AE, Blinder MA, Gronowski AM, Chumley C, Scott MG. Clini- cal utility of the soluble transferrin receptor and comparison with se- rum ferritin several populations. Clin Chem 1998;44:45-51.
  • Gençgönül H, Cin S, Akar N, Deda G. Iron and zinc levels in breath
  • Kazancı E, Kavaklı T, Altınöz S, Aydoğan A. Katılma nöbetli ço- cuklarda demir tedavisinin önemi. Ege Pediatri Bült. 2003;10:61-65.
  • Dimitriou H, Stiakaki E, Markaki EA, Bolonaki l, Giannakopoulou C, Kalmanti M. Soluble transferrin receptor levels and soluble trans- ferrin receptor / log ferritin index in the evaluation of erythro-poietic status in childhood infections and malignancy. Acta Pediatr. 2000;89: 1169-1173.
  • Özsoylu Ş. Demir eksikliği kansızlığı. Bilim ve Teknik 1991;24:49.
  • Özsoylu Ş, Özbek N. Bioavilability of iron Experimental Hematol 1991;19:1065.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA39UB37KP
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Bahattin Tunç This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2008
Submission Date June 1, 2008
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Tunç B. IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN CHILDREN. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2008;2(2):43-57.


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