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A Novel Approach to Lung Imaging in Children: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 5, 363 - 369, 23.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.12956/tjpd.2018.350

Abstract

Objective: There has been increased interest in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lung parenchyma in recent years. We aimed to evaluate the pulmonary MRI findings of patients in the light of literature data in this study.

Material

and

Methods:
Fifteen patients who underwent pulmonary MR imaging between April 2017 and January 2018 were included in our study. Demographic information, clinical preliminary diagnosis and imaging findings of the patients were retrospectively evaluated. Axial and coronal T2-weighted (T2W) and axial fat-saturated T2W images were obtained from all patients.






Results:The mean age of the patients (7 girls, 8 boys) was 7.8 years (5 months -18 years). Lung MRI was used for the diagnosis of neutropenia-related infection during follow-up for hematologic-oncological diseases (n=6), lung hydatid cyst and follow-up of complications (n=2), metastasis scan (n=2), empyema diagnosis and/or follow-up of treatment (n=4), and lung mass-infection distinction (n=1). Twelve of the children were also imaged with computed tomography before lung MRI. In the follow-up MR imaging of patients with neutropenia and lung infection; the nodules and consolidated areas disappeared and became smaller in three patients, the number of nodules increased in one patient, and the number of nodules remained stable but became cavitated in one patient. In the patient with Fanconi aplastic anemia, a diagnosis of fungal infection was made by showing the reverse target sign on MRI. Patients with lung hydatid cyst and tuberculosis were differentiated from a lung mass easily. In the follow-up of three patients with necrotizing pneumonia 

and empyema, the empyema/parenchymal infection findings were shown to be improved and one patient’s empyema associated with parenchymal consolidation was diagnosed with MRI.  






Conclusion: MRI has promising results in imaging parenchymal diseases of the lung. The most important advantage of MRI is the lack of radiation. MRI is useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of lung infections and complications in children, especially those who are immunocompromised or sensitive to radiation.

References

  • 1. Yan C, Tan X, Wei Q, Feng R, Li C, Wu Y, et al. Lung MRI of invasive fungal infection at 3 Tesla: Evaluation of five different pulse sequences and comparison with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Eur Radiol 2015;25:550-7.
  • 2. Ozcan HN, Gormez A, Ozsurekci Y, Karakaya J, Oguz B, Unal S, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of pulmonary infection in immunocompromised children: Comparison with multidetector computed tomography. Pediatr Radiol 2017;47:146-53.
  • 3. Ekinci A, Yücel Uçarkuş T, Okur A, Öztürk M, Doğan S. MRI of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: comparison with CT. Diagn Interv Radiol 2017;23:22-8.
  • 4. Leutner CC, Gieseke J, Lutterbey G, Kuhl CK, Glasmacher A, Wardelmann E, et al. MR imaging of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: Comparison with helical CT. Am J Roentgenol 2000;175:391-7.
  • 5. Peltola V, Ruuskanen O, Svedström E. Magnetic resonance imaging of lung infections in children. Pediatr Radiol 2008;38:1225-31.
  • 6. Bruegel M, Gaa J, Woertler K, Ganter C, Waldt S, Hillerer C, et al. MRI of the lung: Value of different turbo spin-echo, singleshot turbo spin-echo, and 3D gradient-echo pulse sequences for the detection of pulmonary metastases. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007;25:73-81.
  • 7. Vogt FM, Herborn CU, Hunold P, Lauenstein TC, Schröder T, Debatin JF, et al. HASTE MRI versus chest radiography in the detection of pulmonary nodules: Comparison with MDCT. Am J Roentgenol 2004;183:71–8.
  • 8. Sodhi KS, Khandelwal N, Saxena AK, Bhatia A, Bansal D, Trehan A, et al. Rapid lung MRI paradigm shift in evaluation of febrile neutropenia in children with leukemia: A pilot study. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:70-5.
  • 9. Sodhi KS, Bhatia A, Khandelwal N. Rapid lung magnetic resonance imaging in children with pulmonary infection. Pediatr Radiol 2017; 47:764-5.
  • 10. Brody AS, Frush DP, Huda W, Brent RL; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Radiology. Radiation risk to children from computed tomography. Pediatrics 2007;120:677–82.
  • 11. Sieren JC, Ohno Y, Koyama H, Sugimura K, McLennan G. Recent technological and application developments in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for improved pulmonary nodule detection and lung cancer staging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2010;32:1353–69.
  • 12. Rupprecht T, Bowing B, Kuth R, Deimling M, Rascher W, Wagner M. Steady-state free precession projection MRI as a potential alternative to the conventional chest X-ray in pediatric patients with suspected pneumonia. Eur Radiol 2002;12:2752–6.
  • 13. Yikilmaz A, Koc A, Coskun A, Ozturk MK, Mulkern RV, Lee EY. Evaluation of pneumonia in children: Comparison of MRI with fast imaging sequences at 1.5T with chest radiographs. Acta Radiol 2011;52:914– 9.
  • 14. Kim WS, Moon WK, Kim IO, Lee HJ, Im JG, Yeon KM, et al. Pulmonary tuberculosis in children: Evaluation with CT. Am J Roentgenol 1997;168:1005-9.

Çocuklarda Akciğer Görüntülemesine Yeni Bir Yaklaşım: Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme

Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 5, 363 - 369, 23.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.12956/tjpd.2018.350

Abstract

Amaç: Son yıllarda akciğer parankiminin manyetik rezonans görüntülemesine (MRG) ilgi artmıştır. Çalışmada akciğer MRG görüntülemesi yapılmış hasta bulgularının literatür verileri eşliğinde değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. 


Gereç

ve

Yöntemler:
Çalışmaya hastanemizde Nisan 2017 – Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasında akciğer MRG tetkiki yapılmış 15 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların demografik bilgileri, klinik ön tanıları ve görüntüleme bulguları geriye dönük olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm hastaların aksiyel ve koronal T2 ağırlıklı (T2A), aksiyel yağ baskılı T2A görüntüleri elde olunmuştur.


Bulgular: Hastaların (7 kız, 8 erkek) yaş ortalaması 7.8 (5 ay-18 yaş) yaştı. Akciğer MRG, hematolojik-onkolojik hastalıkları nedeniyle tedavileri sırasında gelişen nötropeni ilişkili akciğer enfeksiyonunun tanısında ve takibinde (6 hasta), akciğer kist hidatiğinin tanısı ve komplikasyonlarının takibinde (2 hasta), metastaz taramasında (2 hasta), ampiyem tanısında ve/veya tedavisi sonrası takibinde (4 hasta), akciğer kitlesi-enfeksiyon ayrımında (1 hasta) kullanılmıştır. Hastaların 12’si MRG öncesi bilgisayarlı tomografi ile de tetkik edilmiştir. Nötropenisi ve akciğer enfeksiyonu olan hastaların üçünde nodüllerin ve/veya konsolide alanların kaybolduğu ve küçüldüğü, bir hastada nodüllerin sayısının arttığı, bir hastada da nodüllerin sayısının değişmediği ve bir kısmının kaviteleştiği izlenmiştir. Fankoni aplastik anemisi olan hastada MRG’de ters hedef işaretinin gösterilmesi ile fungal enfeksiyon tanısı konmuştur. Akciğer kist hidatiği ve tüberkülozu olan hastalarda kitle-enfeksiyon ayrımı kolaylıkla yapılabilmiştir. Nekrotizan pnömoni ve ampiyemi olan üç hastanın kontrolünde ampiyem/parankimal enfeksiyon bulgularının gerilediği gösterilirken bir hastanın parankimal konsolidasyonuna eşlik eden ampiyem tanısı MRG ile konmuştur.


Sonuç:
MRG’nin akciğerin parankimal hastalıklarının görüntülemesinde ümit verici sonuçları vardır. MRG’nin radyasyon içermemesi en önemli avantajıdır. Başta immünkompromize ve radyasyon duyarlılığı olan hastalar olmak üzere çocuklarda akciğer enfeksiyonunun ve komplikasyonlarının tanısında ve takibinde MRG faydalıdır. 

References

  • 1. Yan C, Tan X, Wei Q, Feng R, Li C, Wu Y, et al. Lung MRI of invasive fungal infection at 3 Tesla: Evaluation of five different pulse sequences and comparison with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Eur Radiol 2015;25:550-7.
  • 2. Ozcan HN, Gormez A, Ozsurekci Y, Karakaya J, Oguz B, Unal S, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of pulmonary infection in immunocompromised children: Comparison with multidetector computed tomography. Pediatr Radiol 2017;47:146-53.
  • 3. Ekinci A, Yücel Uçarkuş T, Okur A, Öztürk M, Doğan S. MRI of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: comparison with CT. Diagn Interv Radiol 2017;23:22-8.
  • 4. Leutner CC, Gieseke J, Lutterbey G, Kuhl CK, Glasmacher A, Wardelmann E, et al. MR imaging of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: Comparison with helical CT. Am J Roentgenol 2000;175:391-7.
  • 5. Peltola V, Ruuskanen O, Svedström E. Magnetic resonance imaging of lung infections in children. Pediatr Radiol 2008;38:1225-31.
  • 6. Bruegel M, Gaa J, Woertler K, Ganter C, Waldt S, Hillerer C, et al. MRI of the lung: Value of different turbo spin-echo, singleshot turbo spin-echo, and 3D gradient-echo pulse sequences for the detection of pulmonary metastases. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007;25:73-81.
  • 7. Vogt FM, Herborn CU, Hunold P, Lauenstein TC, Schröder T, Debatin JF, et al. HASTE MRI versus chest radiography in the detection of pulmonary nodules: Comparison with MDCT. Am J Roentgenol 2004;183:71–8.
  • 8. Sodhi KS, Khandelwal N, Saxena AK, Bhatia A, Bansal D, Trehan A, et al. Rapid lung MRI paradigm shift in evaluation of febrile neutropenia in children with leukemia: A pilot study. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:70-5.
  • 9. Sodhi KS, Bhatia A, Khandelwal N. Rapid lung magnetic resonance imaging in children with pulmonary infection. Pediatr Radiol 2017; 47:764-5.
  • 10. Brody AS, Frush DP, Huda W, Brent RL; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Radiology. Radiation risk to children from computed tomography. Pediatrics 2007;120:677–82.
  • 11. Sieren JC, Ohno Y, Koyama H, Sugimura K, McLennan G. Recent technological and application developments in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for improved pulmonary nodule detection and lung cancer staging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2010;32:1353–69.
  • 12. Rupprecht T, Bowing B, Kuth R, Deimling M, Rascher W, Wagner M. Steady-state free precession projection MRI as a potential alternative to the conventional chest X-ray in pediatric patients with suspected pneumonia. Eur Radiol 2002;12:2752–6.
  • 13. Yikilmaz A, Koc A, Coskun A, Ozturk MK, Mulkern RV, Lee EY. Evaluation of pneumonia in children: Comparison of MRI with fast imaging sequences at 1.5T with chest radiographs. Acta Radiol 2011;52:914– 9.
  • 14. Kim WS, Moon WK, Kim IO, Lee HJ, Im JG, Yeon KM, et al. Pulmonary tuberculosis in children: Evaluation with CT. Am J Roentgenol 1997;168:1005-9.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Authors

Adalet Elçin Yıldız This is me

Publication Date September 23, 2019
Submission Date February 9, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 13 Issue: 5

Cite

Vancouver Yıldız AE. Çocuklarda Akciğer Görüntülemesine Yeni Bir Yaklaşım: Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2019;13(5):363-9.


The publication language of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease is English.


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