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Experience of an Outbreak due to Acinetobacter Baumannii in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 6, 476 - 479, 30.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.797149

Abstract

Objective: To investigate an outbreak of nosocomial infection caused by multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a level 3 neonatal intensive care unit in Turkey.

Material and Methods: Eighteen babies with multi-drug resistant A.baumannii infection and were treated with colistin between June 2009 and September 2009 in the NICU of Ondokuz Mayıs University. Infected case was defined as patient hospitalized longer than 48 hours in the NICU, during the outbreak period with the clinical signs of pneumonia or sepsis and isolation of A. baumannii from tracheal aspirate, cerebrospinal fluid and/or blood culture. Cultures from the environment and staff were taken for the source analysis.

Results: During the study period among 171 neonates followed in the NICU, 18 (10.5%) babies had pneumonia or septicemia due to multi-drug resistant A. baumannii and presenting mostly with respiratory symptoms such as tachypnea. During the same period, 21 babies died and 10 of them died secondary to A. baumannii infection. Among the patients with A. baumannii infection, 11 (61.1%) neonates were very low birth weight (birth weight <1500 g), and 14 (77.8%) neonates were born premature. A. baumannii in two patients were sensitive to carbapenems and 16 were only sensitive to colistin. Renal and liver function tests were followed during the treatment with colistin among 12 patients without any side effects. All infected/colonised babies were isolated. The staff’s cultures of hand were negative. Humidifiers of ventilators and oxygen manometers were determined by surveyans studies as the source of infection. New patient hospitalization stopped for 10 days. The outbreak ended at the end of September.


Conclusion:
This outbreak is the first A. baumanii outbreak in our unit. Previous publications reported the resources of A. baumanii outbreak as unit staff, air conditionars, and equipment of mechanic ventilators. We found humidifiers of ventilators and oxygen manometers as the source of the outbreak. We stopped hospitalization of very low birth weight infants until controlling the outbreak.
As a conclusion advanced infection control measures, finding the source, cohorting patients, education of the team stopped the spreading of infection

References

  • 1. Osrin D, Vergnano S, Costello A. Serious bacterial infections in newborn infants in developing countries. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2004; 17(3): 217-24
  • 2. Zaidi AK, Huskins WC, Thaver D, Bhutta ZA, Abbas Z, Goldmann DA. Hospital-acquired neonatal infections in developing countries. Lancet 2005; 365(9465): 1175-88
  • 3. Goldmann DA, Freeman J, Durbin WA, Jr. Nosocomial infection and death in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Infect Dis 1983; 147(4): 635-41. 4. Souli M, Galani I, Giamarellou H. Emergence of extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli in Europe. Euro Surveill 2008; 13(47).
  • 5. Touati A, Achour W, Cherif A et al. Outbreak of Acinetobacter baumanii in a neonatal intensive care unit: Antimicrobial susceptibility and genotyping analysis. Ann Epidemiol 2009;19: 372- 378.
  • 6. Huang Y, Hiu L, Wu T et al. Outbreak of Acinetobacter baumanii bacteriemia in a neonatal intensive care unit: clinical implications and genotyping analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002;21: 1105- 1109.
  • 7. Urban C, Segal-Maurer S, Rahal JJ. Considerations in control and treatment of nosocomial infections due to multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36(10): 1268-74. 8. Simmonds A, Munoz J, Rosenfeld- Aguero M et al. Outbreak of Acinetobacter infection in extremely low birth weight neonates. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009;28: 210- 214.
  • 9. Al Jarousha AM, El Jadba AH, Al Afifi AS, El Qouqa IA. Nosocomial multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the neonatal intensive care unit in Gaza City, Palestine. Int J Infect Dis 2009; 13(5): 623-8.
  • 10. Isturiz R. Global resistance trends and the potential impact on empirical therapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 32(Suppl 4): S201-6.
  • 11. Cefai C, Richards J, Gould FK, McPeake P. An outbreak of Acinetobacter respiratory tract infection resulting from incomplete disinfection of ventilatory equipment. J Hosp Infect 1990; 15(2): 177-82.
  • 12. Bergogne-Berezin E, Joly-Guillou ML, Vieu JF. Epidemiology of nosocomial infections due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. J Hosp Infect 1987; 10(2): 105-13.

Bir Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesindeki Acinetobacter Baumannii Salgını Deneyimi

Year 2020, Volume: 14 Issue: 6, 476 - 479, 30.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.797149

Abstract

Amaç: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi’ndeki (YYBÜ) Acinetobacter Baumannii salgını ve kaynak tespitinin analiz edilmesi.
Method:12/06/2009-10/09/2009 tarihleri arasında Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi YYBÜ’nde 18 yenidoğan Acinetobacter baumannii enfeksiyonu tanısı ile izlendi. Salgın sırasında enfekte vaka 48 saatten daha uzun YYBÜ’de izlenmekte olup, trakeal aspirat, kan veya beyin omurilik sıvısında (BOS) A. baumannii üretilen, klinik olarak pnömoni veya sepsis bulguları olan bebek olarak tanımlandı. Kaynak tespiti için tüm çevre ve çalışanlardan kültür alındı.
Bulgular: On sekiz hastada çoklu ilaca dirençli A. baumannii ilişkili pnömoni veya sepsis gelişti, on (%55,5) hasta A. baumannii enfeksiyonuna bağlı kaybedildi. Hastaların %61,1’inin doğum ağırlığı 1500 g altıda idi ve bebeklerin %77,8 prematureydi. İki Acinetobacter Baumannii şuşunda karbanem hassasiyeti varken 16 suş sadece kolistine hassastı. Colomycin® tedavisi sırasında tüm hastalarda böbrek ve karaciğer fonksiyonları izlendi. Tedaviye bağlı yan etki gözlenmedi. Enfekte/ kolonize hastalar izole edildi. Çalışanlardan alınan el kültürlerinde üreme olmadı. Surveyans çalışmalarında mekanik ventilatör nemlendiricilerindeki ve oksijen manometrelerindeki sular kaynak olarak tespit edildi. Servise 10 gün boyunca yeni hasta yatışı durduruldu. Eylül ayı sonunda salgın sonlandı.
Tartışma: Bu salgın, ünitemizdeki ilk A. baumanii salgınıdır. Literatürdeki salgınlarda ünite personelinin yanı sıra, mekanik ventilasyon gereçleri ve klimalar kaynak olarak saptanmıştır. Ünitemizdeki salgında da mekanik ventilatör nemlendiricilerindeki ve oksijen manometrelerindeki sular kaynak olarak belirlendi. Çok düşük doğum ağırlıklı prematürelerde mortalite oranı yüksek olan bu mikroorganizmanın kaynağının belirlenmesi ve servise yeni yatışların durdurulması salgını sonlandırmıştır.

References

  • 1. Osrin D, Vergnano S, Costello A. Serious bacterial infections in newborn infants in developing countries. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2004; 17(3): 217-24
  • 2. Zaidi AK, Huskins WC, Thaver D, Bhutta ZA, Abbas Z, Goldmann DA. Hospital-acquired neonatal infections in developing countries. Lancet 2005; 365(9465): 1175-88
  • 3. Goldmann DA, Freeman J, Durbin WA, Jr. Nosocomial infection and death in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Infect Dis 1983; 147(4): 635-41. 4. Souli M, Galani I, Giamarellou H. Emergence of extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli in Europe. Euro Surveill 2008; 13(47).
  • 5. Touati A, Achour W, Cherif A et al. Outbreak of Acinetobacter baumanii in a neonatal intensive care unit: Antimicrobial susceptibility and genotyping analysis. Ann Epidemiol 2009;19: 372- 378.
  • 6. Huang Y, Hiu L, Wu T et al. Outbreak of Acinetobacter baumanii bacteriemia in a neonatal intensive care unit: clinical implications and genotyping analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002;21: 1105- 1109.
  • 7. Urban C, Segal-Maurer S, Rahal JJ. Considerations in control and treatment of nosocomial infections due to multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36(10): 1268-74. 8. Simmonds A, Munoz J, Rosenfeld- Aguero M et al. Outbreak of Acinetobacter infection in extremely low birth weight neonates. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009;28: 210- 214.
  • 9. Al Jarousha AM, El Jadba AH, Al Afifi AS, El Qouqa IA. Nosocomial multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the neonatal intensive care unit in Gaza City, Palestine. Int J Infect Dis 2009; 13(5): 623-8.
  • 10. Isturiz R. Global resistance trends and the potential impact on empirical therapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 32(Suppl 4): S201-6.
  • 11. Cefai C, Richards J, Gould FK, McPeake P. An outbreak of Acinetobacter respiratory tract infection resulting from incomplete disinfection of ventilatory equipment. J Hosp Infect 1990; 15(2): 177-82.
  • 12. Bergogne-Berezin E, Joly-Guillou ML, Vieu JF. Epidemiology of nosocomial infections due to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. J Hosp Infect 1987; 10(2): 105-13.
There are 10 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Authors

Fatma Çakmak Çelik 0000-0002-6833-9786

Hasibe Aygün 0000-0002-7955-5943

Publication Date November 30, 2020
Submission Date October 2, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 14 Issue: 6

Cite

Vancouver Çakmak Çelik F, Aygün H. Bir Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesindeki Acinetobacter Baumannii Salgını Deneyimi. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2020;14(6):476-9.


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