A Journey from Erzurum to Amasya in the Summer of 1809 with James Justinian Morier

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 126 Sayı: 249, 409 - 448, 08.12.2020

Murat Hanilçe , Yücel Bulut

Öz

The British novelist James Justinian Morier, famous for his novels of Hajji Baba, left Teheran on May 7, 1809 after completing his first diplomatic mission in Iran in 1809. During his return to England, he arrived in Erzurum on June 15, Istanbul on July 18 and Izmir on September 7. From here, he passed on to Malta on the ship of H.M.S Success. He boarded on the ship of H.M.S Formidable and returned to Plymouth in November 1809. His book which is titled A Journey through Persia, Armenia and Asia Minor to Constantinople, in the years 1808 and 1809, containing the author’s observations and experiences of this travel, was published in 1812. This was also the first experience of the diplomat as an author, who owned many works during his lifetime.
In the introduction of this study, the life of James Justinian Morier, his travelogues and the background of his journey to Iran are considered. Thus, the first Turkish biography of Morier who had important works about Iran and Turkey was written. In the next parts of the study, the author’s journey in general and his departure from Iran are briefly was evaluated respectively. Then, the author’s travel notes between Erzurum and Istanbul were given in full. Finally, the journey of the author between Amasya and Istanbul has summarized. For the study, many studies about the author in the English literature were used. Thus, in illuminating the history of Turkey, it is intended to be a new contribution to the promotion of foreign travelers in particular western.

Anahtar Kelimeler

James J. Morier, Britain, Turkey, traveller, Erzurum, Istanbul

JAMES MORIER’LE 1809 YAZINDA ERZURUM’DAN AMASYA’YA SEYAHAT

Öz

Hacı Baba romanlarıyla ünlenen İngiliz yazar James Justinian Morier 1809’da İran’daki ilk diplomatik görevini tamamlayıp 7 Mayıs 1809 tarihinde Tahran’dan ayrılmıştır. İngiltere yolculuğunda sırasıyla Erzurum (15 Haziran), İstanbul (18 Temmuz) ve İzmir (7 Eylül) gibi şehirlerde duraklamış; buradan H.M.S. Success gemisiyle Malta’ya geçmiştir. H.M.S Formidable gemisine binip Kasım 1809’da Plymouth’a dönmüştür. Yazarın bu seyahatine ait gözlem ve deneyimlerini içeren A Journey through Persia, Armenia and Asia Minor to Constantinople, in the years 1808 and 1809 başlığını taşıyan eseri 1812’de yayımlanmıştır. Bu, aynı zamanda hayatı boyunca çok sayıda eserin sahibi olan diplomatın ilk yazarlık deneyimi olmuştur.
Bu çalışmanın giriş kısmında, James Justinian Morier’in hayatı, seyahatnameleri ve İran yolculuğunun arka planı ele alınmıştır. Böylece, İran ve Türkiye üzerine önemli eserleri olan Morier hakkında ilk Türkçe biyografi çalışması ortaya konmuştur. Çalışmanın sonraki bölümlerinde yazarın seyahatleri ve İran’dan ayrılışı değerlendirilmiştir. Ardından yazarın Erzurum-İstanbul gezi notları eksiksiz olarak aktarılmış; son olarak yazarın Amasya’dan İstanbul’a gerçekleştirdiği yolculuk özetlenmiştir. Çalışma için yazar hakkında İngiliz literatüründe bulunan birçok çalışmadan yararlanılmıştır. Böylece Türkiye tarihinin aydınlatılmasında yabancı, bilhassa Batılı, seyyahların tanıtımına yeni bir katkı sunulması düşünülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

James J. Morier, Britanya, Türkiye, seyyah, Erzurum, İstanbul

Kaynakça

• “James Justinian Morier (1780-1849)”, Chambers’s Cyclopaedia of English Literature A History Critical and Biographical of Authors in the English Tongue from the Earliest Times Till the Present Day, with Specimens of Their Writing, vol. II, David Patrick, New Edt., W. &R. Chambers Limited, Edinburgh 1906, s. 783-787.
• “James Justinian Morier (1780-1849)”, Library of the World’s Best Literaure, vol. XVIII (edt. Charles Dudley Warner vd.), R. S. Peale and J. A. Hill, Newyork 1897, s. 10304-10317.
• “Morier, James Justinian (1780?-1849)”, Dictionary of National Bibliography, edt. Sidney Lee, vol. XXXIX, Smith, Elder & Co., London 1894, s. 53-54.
• Abū al-Ḥasan Khān Īlchī, Ḥayratʹnāmah : safarnāmah-ʼi Mīrzā Abū al-Ḥasan Khān Īlchī bih Landan / bih kūshish-i Ḥasan Mursilʹvand., Muʾassasah-i Khadamāt-i Farhangī-i Rasā, Tahrān [13]64 [1986].
• Ann K. S. Lambton, Qajar Persia: Eleven Studies, I. B. Tauris, London 1987, s. 109-112.
• Berktay, Ada (2018): “The “Voyage en Orient”: Narratives of the East, as Written by the West”, https://projects.mcah.columbia.edu/ma/node/157 (21.10.2020: 00:18).
• Charles J. Esdaile, Napoleon’s Wars: An International History, 1803-1815, Viking, New York 2008, 297.
• Chen, Yixu (2018): “Encounter with a Dreamland: A Reading of James Justinian Morier's Portrait in the Columbia University Art Collection”, https://projects.mcah.columbia.edu/ma/node/128 (15.10.2020: 14:20).
• Duvar, Euan R. (2018): “The Historical Context of James Justinian Morier’s Travels: France, Britain, and Persia, 1798-1815”, https://projects.mcah.columbia.edu/ma/node/133 (17.10.2020: 18:22).
• Garza, Nina Elizondo (2018): “The Life and Afterlife of James Justinian Morier's The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan”, https://projects.mcah.columbia.edu/ma/node/129 (25.10.2020: 17:38).
• Hambly, G. R. G.: “Agha Muhammad Khan and the Establishment of the Qajar Dynasty”, The Cambridge History of Iran, edt. P. Avery, G. R. G. Hambly and C. Melville, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1991, s. 104-143.
• Hambly, G. R. G.: “Iran during the Reigns of Fath Ali Shah and Muhammad Shah”, The Cambridge History of Iran, edt. P. Avery, G. R. G. Hambly and C. Melville, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1991, s. 144-173.
• Herford, C. H. :“J. J. Morier (1780-1849)”, The Age of Wordsworth, 3rd Edition, Bell and Sons, London 1899, s. 129.
• Ingram, Edward: Britain’s Persian Connection, 1798-1828: Prelude to the Great Game in Asia, Clarendon, Oxford 1992.
• Johnston, Henry B. McKenzie: “Hajji Baba and Mirza Abul Hasan Khan-A Conundrum”, Iran Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, vol. XXXIII (1995), s. 93-96. Johnston, Henry McKenzie: Ottoman and Persian Odysseys: James Morier, creator of Hajji Baba of Ispahan, and His Brothers, British Academic Press, London-New York 1998.
• Kelly, John Barrett: Britain and the Persian Gulf: 1795-1880, Clarendon, Oxford 1968.
• Morier, James: A Second Journey Through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, Between the Years 1810 and 1816. With a Journal of the Voyage by the Brazils and Bombay to the Persian Gulf. Together with an Account of the Proceedings of His Majesty’s Embassy under His Excellency Sir Gore Ouseley, Bart, K.I.S., Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London 1818.
• Morier, James: Journey through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, to Constantinople, in the Years 1808 and 1809; in which is included, Some Account of the Proceedings of His Majesty’s Mission, Under Sir Harford Jones, Bart K.C. to the Court of the King of Persia, Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London 1812.
• O'Quinn, Daniel: “Tears in Tehran/Laughter in London: James Morier, Mirza Abul, Hassan Khan, and the Geopolitics of Emotion,” Eighteenth-Century Fiction 25, no. 1 (Fall 2012), s. 85-114.
• Pettinger, Alasdair: “Travelogues,” Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450 Vol. 3, ed. Thomas Benjamin, Macmillan Reference, Detroit 2007, s. 1081.
• Pococke, Richard: A Description of the East, and Some Other Countries. ... By Richard Pococke, LL.D. F.R.S., printed for the author, by W. Bowyer; and sold by J. and P. Knapton, W. Innys, W.Meadows, G. Hawkins [and 6 others in London], London 1743-45.
• Said, Edward: Şarkiyatçılık Batının Şark Anlayışları, çev. Berna Ülner, 7. Baskı, Metis Yayınları, İstanbul 2013.
• Watt, James: “Chapter Four: James Morier and the Oriental Picaresque ”, Comedy, Fantasy ve Colonialism, edt. Graeme Harper, Continuum, London-New York 2002, s. 58-72.
• Wright, Denis: The Persians Between the English: Episodes in Anglo-Persian History, IB Tauris, London 1985.