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Yüksek ve Düşük Kalsiyum İçeren Uçucu Küller ile Üretilen Geopolimer Harçların Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 96 - 104, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.782054

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, C sınıfı ve F sınıfı uçucu külün birlikte kullanılarak geri dönüşümlerinin sağlanması ve ekonomiye kazandırılması amacıyla üretilen geopolimer harçların fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri incelenmiştir. C sınıfı uçucu kül (UK) ile F sınıfı UK ’nın %0,%10, %20, %30, %40 ve %50 oranlarında birbirleri ile yer değiştirilmesi ile oluşturulan bağlayıcı, sodyum hidroksit (NaOH) ve potasyum hidroksit (KOH) ile ayrı ayrı aktive edilmiştir. Aktivatör/bağlayıcı oranı %10 olarak kullanılmıştır. Likit/bağlayıcı oranı 0,35, agrega/bağlayıcı oranı 3 olarak belirlenmiştir. UK, kum, aktivatör ve suyun standart çimento mikserinde karıştırılması ile hazırlanan harç numuneler, 40mm×40mm×160 mm boyutlu standart kalıplara yerleştirildikten sonra 100 °C’ de 24 saat süre ile aktivasyon sıcaklığına maruz bırakılmıştır. Daha sonra numuneler 28 gün boyunca hava kürüne (22±2°C) tabi tutulmuşlardır. Hava kürünü takiben fiziksel ve mekanik deneyler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak %60 C sınıfı ve %40 F sınıfı UK içeren ve NaOH ile üretilen numunelerde 3,8 MPa eğilme dayanımı, 28 MPa basınç dayanımı elde edilmiştir.

References

  • [1] Bhagath Singh G. V. P. and Subramaniam K. V. L. Production and characterization of low-energy Portland composite cement from post-industrial waste, Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019; 239: 118024.
  • [2] Wang J, Dai Y Gao, L. Exergy analyses and parametric optimizations for different cogeneration power plants in cement industry, Applied Energy, 2009; 86(6): 941-948. [3] Zhang W, Maleki A, Khajeh M. G, Zhang Y, Mortazavi S. M, Vasel-Be-Hagh A. A novel framework for integrated energy optimization of a cement plant: An industrial case study, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2019; 35: 245-256.
  • [4] Çimento Sektör Raporu (2019), Sanayi ve Verimlilik Genel Müdürlüğü, https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/plan-program-raporlarve-yayinlar/sektor-raporlari/mu0303011402 (05.07.2020).
  • [5] Habert G, Ouellet-Plamondon C. Recent update on the environmental impact of geopolymers, RILEM Tech. Lett. 1 (2016): 17–23.
  • [6] https://www.statista.com/statistics/267364/worldcement-production-by-country/ (10.06.2020).
  • [7] https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2019- 152/essd-2019-152.pdf, (07.06.2020).
  • [8] Yılmaz B, Erdoğmuş E, Erdoğan Y. Uçucu Kül taban külü ve wallostonit katkılı çimentolara sodyum karbonat ilavesinin etkisinin incelenmesi, Yapılarda Kimyasal Katkılar Sempozyumu, İnşaat Mühendisleri Odası, Kongre Sempozyum Bildiriler Kitab.2005.
  • [9] Fan, F, Liu, Z, Xu, G, Peng, H, Cai, C.S. Mechanical and thermal properties of fly ash based geopolymers. Construct. Build. Mater. 2018; 160: 66e81. Tr. Doğa ve Fen Derg. Cilt 9, Sayı 2, Sayfa 96-104, 2020 Tr. J. Nature Sci. Volume 9, Issue 2, Page 96-104, 2020 103.
  • [10]ASTM C618–19, Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete.
  • [11]Raijiwala DB, Patil HS. , Geopolymer concrete A green concrete, 2010 2nd International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering. ICBEE 2010.
  • [12]Provis JL. Green concrete or red herring–future of alkali-activated materials, Advances in Applied Ceramics. 2014; 113(8): 472-477.
  • [13]Simatupang P, Imran I, Pane I. The Latest Development of Green Concrete in Indonesia, 1st International Conference on Sustainable Civil Engineering Structures and Construction Materials. 2012.
  • [14]Sukprasert S, Hoy M, Horpibulsuk S, Arulrajah A, Safuan A, Nazir R. Fly ash based geopolymer stabilisation of silty clay/blast furnace slag for subgrade applications, Road Materials and Pavement Design. 2019.
  • [15]Yurt Ü. High performance cementless composites from alkali activated GGBFS, Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 264: 120222
  • [16]Li Y, Min X, Ke Y, Liu D, Tang C. Preparation of red mud-based geopolymer materials from MSWI fly ash and red mud by mechanical activation. Waste Management. 2019;83:202-208.
  • [17]Suraj D, Priyantha W.J, Sanjaya S, Branimir S. Stabilization of highly expansive soils containing sulfate using metakaolin and fly ash based geopolymer modified with lime and gypsum, Transportation Geotechnics. 2020;23: 100327.
  • [18]Yurt Ü. An experimental study on fracture energy of alkali activated slag composites incorporated different fibers, Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 32: 101519 [19]Davidovits J. Geopolymers - Inorganic Polymeric New Materials. J Therm Anal. 1991;37(8):1633-56.
  • [20]Atis C. D, Gorur E. B, Karahan O, Bilim C, Ilkentapar S, LUGA E. Very high strength (120 MPa) class F fly ash geopolymer mortar activated at different NaOH amount, heat curing temperature and heat curing duration. Constr. Build. Mater. 2015:673-678.
  • [21]Okoye F.N, Durgaprasad J, Singh N.B. Fly ash/Kaolin based geopolymer green concretes and their mechanical properties. Data in Brief. 2015; 5:739-744.
  • [22]X. Yu, L. Jiang, J. Xu, Y. Zu. Effect of Na2SiO3 content on passivation and corrosion behaviour of steel in a simulated pore solution of Na2SiO3- activated slag. Constr. Build. Mater. 2017;146: 156- 164.
  • [23]H. L. Chi, P. Louda, T. Bakalova, V. Kovačič. Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Potassium Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Paste, Advanced Engineering Forum. 2019;31: 38-45.
  • [24]Kaya M, Uysal M, Yılmaz K, Atiş C.D. Behaviour of Geopolymer Mortars after Exposure to Elevated Temperatures. Materials Science (Medžiagotyra). 2018;24: 428-436.
  • [25]Hosan, A, Haque, S. and Shaikh, F. Compressive behaviour of sodium and potassium activators synthetised fly ash geopolymer at elevated temperatures: a comparative study. Journal of Building Engineering. 2016;8:123-130.
  • [26]Hayder A, Mohamed A.S, Megan L. W. Review of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymers for Soil Stabilisation with Special Reference to Clay, www.mdpi.com/journal/geosciences, Geosciences, 2020;10: 249
  • [27]Rangan, B.V, “Fly ash-based geopolymer concrete”. Research Report GC 4,Engineering Faculty, Curtin University of Technology.2008; SF:44, Perth, Australia. [28]Komljenovic, M, Bascarivic, Z, Bradic, V. Mechanical and microstructural properties of alkaliactivated fly ash geopolymers.. J. Hazard. Mater,2010; 181: 35- 42.
  • [29]Greiser S, Gluth G, P Sturm, Jäger C, 29Si 27Al}, 27Al {29Si and 27Al 1H double-resonance NMR spectroscopy study of cementitious sodium aluminosilicate gels (geopolymers) and gel-zeolite composites. RSC Advances. 2018; 70: 40164– 40171.
  • [30]Tippayasam C, Balyore P, Thavorniti P, Kamseu E, Leonelli C, Chindaprasirt P, et al. Potassium alkali concentration and heat treatment affected metakaolin-based geopolymer, Construction and Building Materials.2016; 104: 293–297.
  • [31]Ankur Gupta. Investigation of the strength of ground granulated blast furnace slag based geopolymer composite with silica füme, Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020.
  • [32]Kaya M, Uysal M, Yilmaz K, Karahan O, Atiş C.D. Mechanical properties of class C and F fly ash geopolymer mortars, Gradevinar.2020; 72 (4): 297- 309.
  • [33]İlkentapar, S, Atiş, C. D, Karahan, O, Görür Avşaroğlu E. B. Influence of duration of heat curing and extra rest period after heat curing on the strength and transport characteristic ofalkali activated class F fly ash geopolymer mortar. Construction and Building Materials. 2017;vol.151: 363-369. [34]Ozodabas, A, Yilmaz, K. Improvement of the performance of alkali activated blast furnace slag mortars with very finely ground pumice. Constructıon And Building Materials.2013: Vol.48 pp.26.
  • [35]Atabey İ.İ. F sınıfı uçucu küllü geopolimer harcının durabilite özelliklerinin araştırılması. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü İnşaat Mühendisliği. Doktora Tezi, 2017
  • [36]Balcikanli M, Turker H T, Ozbay, E, Karahan O, Atiş C. D. Identifying the bond and abrasion behavior of alkali activated concretes by central composite design method. Construction nnd Building Materials, 2017; 132: 196-209.
  • [37]Kaya M, Farklı Tür Uçucu Kül Kullanılarak Üretilen Alkali Aktive Edilmiş Harçların Mekanik ve Durabilite Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi. 2016
  • [38]M. Zhang, M. Zhao, G. Zhang, D. Mann, K. Lumsden, and M. Tao, "Durability of red mud-fly Tr. Doğa ve Fen Derg. Cilt 9, Sayı 2, Sayfa 96 -104 , 2020 Tr. J. Nature Sci. Volume 9, Issue 2, Page 96 -104, 2020 104 ash based geopolymer and leaching behavior of heavy metals in sulfuric acid solutions and deionized water," Construction and Building Materials, 2016; 124:373 -382.
  • [39]B. B. Jindal, "Investigations on the properties of geopolymer mortar and concrete with mineral admixtures: A review," Construction and Building Materials. 2019;227;116644.
  • [40] Nuaklong P, Wongsa A, Sata V, Boonserm K, at al, Properties of high -calcium and low -calcium fly ash combination geopolymer mortar containing recycled aggregate, Heliyon. 2019:5(9): e02513,
  • [41]TS EN 12350 -5 :2019; Beton - Taze beton deneyleri - Bölüm 5: Yayılma tablası deneyi, Türk Standardları Enstitüsü,2019
  • [42]TS EN 1015 -11, Kagir harcı - Deney metotları - Bölüm 11: Sertleşmiş harcın basınç ve eğilme dayanımının tayini, Türk Standardları Enstitüsü,2013
  • [43]Chindaprasirt P, Chareerat T, Sirivivatnanon V. Workability and strength of coarse high calcium fly ash geopolymer. Cement & Concrete Composites.2007; 29, 224 –229.
  • [44] Aygörmez Y, Canpolat O, Al -mashhadani M, Uysal M. Elevated temperature, freezing -thawing and wetting -drying effects onpolypropylene fiber reinforced metakaolin based geopolymer composites, Construction and Building Materials.2020; 235(28): 117502.
  • [45]Hamidi R, Man Z, Azizli K. Concentration of NaOH and the Effect on the Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer, Procedia Engineering.2016; 148: 189 –193.
  • [46]Purbasari A, Samadhi T, Bindar Y. The Effect of Alkaline Activator Types on Strength and Microstructural Properties of Geopolymer from Co - Combustion Residuals of Bamboo and Kaolin, Indones. J. Chem. 2018; 18 (3): 397 –402.
  • [47]Askarian M, Tao Z, Samali B, Adam G, Shuaibu R. Mix composition and characterisation of one -part geopolymers with different activators. Construction and Building Materials,2019; 225:526 –53.
  • [48]Wang Y, Liu X, Zhang W, Li Z, Zhang Li Y, Ren Y. Effects of Si/Al ratio on the efflorescence and properties of fly ash based geopolymer, , Journal of Cleaner Production,2020; 244: 118852.
  • [49]Lee B, Kim G, Kim R, Cho B, Lee S, Chon C. Strength development properties of geopolymer paste and mortar with respect to amorphous Si/Al ratio of fly ash. Construction and Building Materials.2017; 151 : 512 –519.
  • [50]Temuujin J, Riessen A, Williams R. Influence of calcium compounds on the mechanical properties of fly ash geopolymer pastes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009; 167 : 82 –88.
Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 96 - 104, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.782054

Abstract

References

  • [1] Bhagath Singh G. V. P. and Subramaniam K. V. L. Production and characterization of low-energy Portland composite cement from post-industrial waste, Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019; 239: 118024.
  • [2] Wang J, Dai Y Gao, L. Exergy analyses and parametric optimizations for different cogeneration power plants in cement industry, Applied Energy, 2009; 86(6): 941-948. [3] Zhang W, Maleki A, Khajeh M. G, Zhang Y, Mortazavi S. M, Vasel-Be-Hagh A. A novel framework for integrated energy optimization of a cement plant: An industrial case study, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2019; 35: 245-256.
  • [4] Çimento Sektör Raporu (2019), Sanayi ve Verimlilik Genel Müdürlüğü, https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/plan-program-raporlarve-yayinlar/sektor-raporlari/mu0303011402 (05.07.2020).
  • [5] Habert G, Ouellet-Plamondon C. Recent update on the environmental impact of geopolymers, RILEM Tech. Lett. 1 (2016): 17–23.
  • [6] https://www.statista.com/statistics/267364/worldcement-production-by-country/ (10.06.2020).
  • [7] https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2019- 152/essd-2019-152.pdf, (07.06.2020).
  • [8] Yılmaz B, Erdoğmuş E, Erdoğan Y. Uçucu Kül taban külü ve wallostonit katkılı çimentolara sodyum karbonat ilavesinin etkisinin incelenmesi, Yapılarda Kimyasal Katkılar Sempozyumu, İnşaat Mühendisleri Odası, Kongre Sempozyum Bildiriler Kitab.2005.
  • [9] Fan, F, Liu, Z, Xu, G, Peng, H, Cai, C.S. Mechanical and thermal properties of fly ash based geopolymers. Construct. Build. Mater. 2018; 160: 66e81. Tr. Doğa ve Fen Derg. Cilt 9, Sayı 2, Sayfa 96-104, 2020 Tr. J. Nature Sci. Volume 9, Issue 2, Page 96-104, 2020 103.
  • [10]ASTM C618–19, Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete.
  • [11]Raijiwala DB, Patil HS. , Geopolymer concrete A green concrete, 2010 2nd International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering. ICBEE 2010.
  • [12]Provis JL. Green concrete or red herring–future of alkali-activated materials, Advances in Applied Ceramics. 2014; 113(8): 472-477.
  • [13]Simatupang P, Imran I, Pane I. The Latest Development of Green Concrete in Indonesia, 1st International Conference on Sustainable Civil Engineering Structures and Construction Materials. 2012.
  • [14]Sukprasert S, Hoy M, Horpibulsuk S, Arulrajah A, Safuan A, Nazir R. Fly ash based geopolymer stabilisation of silty clay/blast furnace slag for subgrade applications, Road Materials and Pavement Design. 2019.
  • [15]Yurt Ü. High performance cementless composites from alkali activated GGBFS, Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 264: 120222
  • [16]Li Y, Min X, Ke Y, Liu D, Tang C. Preparation of red mud-based geopolymer materials from MSWI fly ash and red mud by mechanical activation. Waste Management. 2019;83:202-208.
  • [17]Suraj D, Priyantha W.J, Sanjaya S, Branimir S. Stabilization of highly expansive soils containing sulfate using metakaolin and fly ash based geopolymer modified with lime and gypsum, Transportation Geotechnics. 2020;23: 100327.
  • [18]Yurt Ü. An experimental study on fracture energy of alkali activated slag composites incorporated different fibers, Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 32: 101519 [19]Davidovits J. Geopolymers - Inorganic Polymeric New Materials. J Therm Anal. 1991;37(8):1633-56.
  • [20]Atis C. D, Gorur E. B, Karahan O, Bilim C, Ilkentapar S, LUGA E. Very high strength (120 MPa) class F fly ash geopolymer mortar activated at different NaOH amount, heat curing temperature and heat curing duration. Constr. Build. Mater. 2015:673-678.
  • [21]Okoye F.N, Durgaprasad J, Singh N.B. Fly ash/Kaolin based geopolymer green concretes and their mechanical properties. Data in Brief. 2015; 5:739-744.
  • [22]X. Yu, L. Jiang, J. Xu, Y. Zu. Effect of Na2SiO3 content on passivation and corrosion behaviour of steel in a simulated pore solution of Na2SiO3- activated slag. Constr. Build. Mater. 2017;146: 156- 164.
  • [23]H. L. Chi, P. Louda, T. Bakalova, V. Kovačič. Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Potassium Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Paste, Advanced Engineering Forum. 2019;31: 38-45.
  • [24]Kaya M, Uysal M, Yılmaz K, Atiş C.D. Behaviour of Geopolymer Mortars after Exposure to Elevated Temperatures. Materials Science (Medžiagotyra). 2018;24: 428-436.
  • [25]Hosan, A, Haque, S. and Shaikh, F. Compressive behaviour of sodium and potassium activators synthetised fly ash geopolymer at elevated temperatures: a comparative study. Journal of Building Engineering. 2016;8:123-130.
  • [26]Hayder A, Mohamed A.S, Megan L. W. Review of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymers for Soil Stabilisation with Special Reference to Clay, www.mdpi.com/journal/geosciences, Geosciences, 2020;10: 249
  • [27]Rangan, B.V, “Fly ash-based geopolymer concrete”. Research Report GC 4,Engineering Faculty, Curtin University of Technology.2008; SF:44, Perth, Australia. [28]Komljenovic, M, Bascarivic, Z, Bradic, V. Mechanical and microstructural properties of alkaliactivated fly ash geopolymers.. J. Hazard. Mater,2010; 181: 35- 42.
  • [29]Greiser S, Gluth G, P Sturm, Jäger C, 29Si 27Al}, 27Al {29Si and 27Al 1H double-resonance NMR spectroscopy study of cementitious sodium aluminosilicate gels (geopolymers) and gel-zeolite composites. RSC Advances. 2018; 70: 40164– 40171.
  • [30]Tippayasam C, Balyore P, Thavorniti P, Kamseu E, Leonelli C, Chindaprasirt P, et al. Potassium alkali concentration and heat treatment affected metakaolin-based geopolymer, Construction and Building Materials.2016; 104: 293–297.
  • [31]Ankur Gupta. Investigation of the strength of ground granulated blast furnace slag based geopolymer composite with silica füme, Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020.
  • [32]Kaya M, Uysal M, Yilmaz K, Karahan O, Atiş C.D. Mechanical properties of class C and F fly ash geopolymer mortars, Gradevinar.2020; 72 (4): 297- 309.
  • [33]İlkentapar, S, Atiş, C. D, Karahan, O, Görür Avşaroğlu E. B. Influence of duration of heat curing and extra rest period after heat curing on the strength and transport characteristic ofalkali activated class F fly ash geopolymer mortar. Construction and Building Materials. 2017;vol.151: 363-369. [34]Ozodabas, A, Yilmaz, K. Improvement of the performance of alkali activated blast furnace slag mortars with very finely ground pumice. Constructıon And Building Materials.2013: Vol.48 pp.26.
  • [35]Atabey İ.İ. F sınıfı uçucu küllü geopolimer harcının durabilite özelliklerinin araştırılması. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü İnşaat Mühendisliği. Doktora Tezi, 2017
  • [36]Balcikanli M, Turker H T, Ozbay, E, Karahan O, Atiş C. D. Identifying the bond and abrasion behavior of alkali activated concretes by central composite design method. Construction nnd Building Materials, 2017; 132: 196-209.
  • [37]Kaya M, Farklı Tür Uçucu Kül Kullanılarak Üretilen Alkali Aktive Edilmiş Harçların Mekanik ve Durabilite Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi. 2016
  • [38]M. Zhang, M. Zhao, G. Zhang, D. Mann, K. Lumsden, and M. Tao, "Durability of red mud-fly Tr. Doğa ve Fen Derg. Cilt 9, Sayı 2, Sayfa 96 -104 , 2020 Tr. J. Nature Sci. Volume 9, Issue 2, Page 96 -104, 2020 104 ash based geopolymer and leaching behavior of heavy metals in sulfuric acid solutions and deionized water," Construction and Building Materials, 2016; 124:373 -382.
  • [39]B. B. Jindal, "Investigations on the properties of geopolymer mortar and concrete with mineral admixtures: A review," Construction and Building Materials. 2019;227;116644.
  • [40] Nuaklong P, Wongsa A, Sata V, Boonserm K, at al, Properties of high -calcium and low -calcium fly ash combination geopolymer mortar containing recycled aggregate, Heliyon. 2019:5(9): e02513,
  • [41]TS EN 12350 -5 :2019; Beton - Taze beton deneyleri - Bölüm 5: Yayılma tablası deneyi, Türk Standardları Enstitüsü,2019
  • [42]TS EN 1015 -11, Kagir harcı - Deney metotları - Bölüm 11: Sertleşmiş harcın basınç ve eğilme dayanımının tayini, Türk Standardları Enstitüsü,2013
  • [43]Chindaprasirt P, Chareerat T, Sirivivatnanon V. Workability and strength of coarse high calcium fly ash geopolymer. Cement & Concrete Composites.2007; 29, 224 –229.
  • [44] Aygörmez Y, Canpolat O, Al -mashhadani M, Uysal M. Elevated temperature, freezing -thawing and wetting -drying effects onpolypropylene fiber reinforced metakaolin based geopolymer composites, Construction and Building Materials.2020; 235(28): 117502.
  • [45]Hamidi R, Man Z, Azizli K. Concentration of NaOH and the Effect on the Properties of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer, Procedia Engineering.2016; 148: 189 –193.
  • [46]Purbasari A, Samadhi T, Bindar Y. The Effect of Alkaline Activator Types on Strength and Microstructural Properties of Geopolymer from Co - Combustion Residuals of Bamboo and Kaolin, Indones. J. Chem. 2018; 18 (3): 397 –402.
  • [47]Askarian M, Tao Z, Samali B, Adam G, Shuaibu R. Mix composition and characterisation of one -part geopolymers with different activators. Construction and Building Materials,2019; 225:526 –53.
  • [48]Wang Y, Liu X, Zhang W, Li Z, Zhang Li Y, Ren Y. Effects of Si/Al ratio on the efflorescence and properties of fly ash based geopolymer, , Journal of Cleaner Production,2020; 244: 118852.
  • [49]Lee B, Kim G, Kim R, Cho B, Lee S, Chon C. Strength development properties of geopolymer paste and mortar with respect to amorphous Si/Al ratio of fly ash. Construction and Building Materials.2017; 151 : 512 –519.
  • [50]Temuujin J, Riessen A, Williams R. Influence of calcium compounds on the mechanical properties of fly ash geopolymer pastes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009; 167 : 82 –88.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Kaya 0000-0002-8116-0123

Publication Date December 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kaya, M. (2020). Yüksek ve Düşük Kalsiyum İçeren Uçucu Küller ile Üretilen Geopolimer Harçların Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, 9(2), 96-104. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.782054
AMA Kaya M. Yüksek ve Düşük Kalsiyum İçeren Uçucu Küller ile Üretilen Geopolimer Harçların Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. TJNS. December 2020;9(2):96-104. doi:10.46810/tdfd.782054
Chicago Kaya, Mehmet. “Yüksek Ve Düşük Kalsiyum İçeren Uçucu Küller Ile Üretilen Geopolimer Harçların Fiziksel Ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi 9, no. 2 (December 2020): 96-104. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.782054.
EndNote Kaya M (December 1, 2020) Yüksek ve Düşük Kalsiyum İçeren Uçucu Küller ile Üretilen Geopolimer Harçların Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 9 2 96–104.
IEEE M. Kaya, “Yüksek ve Düşük Kalsiyum İçeren Uçucu Küller ile Üretilen Geopolimer Harçların Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi”, TJNS, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 96–104, 2020, doi: 10.46810/tdfd.782054.
ISNAD Kaya, Mehmet. “Yüksek Ve Düşük Kalsiyum İçeren Uçucu Küller Ile Üretilen Geopolimer Harçların Fiziksel Ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi”. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 9/2 (December 2020), 96-104. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.782054.
JAMA Kaya M. Yüksek ve Düşük Kalsiyum İçeren Uçucu Küller ile Üretilen Geopolimer Harçların Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. TJNS. 2020;9:96–104.
MLA Kaya, Mehmet. “Yüksek Ve Düşük Kalsiyum İçeren Uçucu Küller Ile Üretilen Geopolimer Harçların Fiziksel Ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, 2020, pp. 96-104, doi:10.46810/tdfd.782054.
Vancouver Kaya M. Yüksek ve Düşük Kalsiyum İçeren Uçucu Küller ile Üretilen Geopolimer Harçların Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. TJNS. 2020;9(2):96-104.

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