<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1303-328X</issn>
                                                                                                        <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Tıp Eğitimini Geliştirme Derneği</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25282/ted.1869274</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Medical Education</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Tıp Eğitimi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi 1. ve 6. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Ruhsal Hastalıklara Yönelik Damgalama Düzeylerinin ve İlişkili Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Determining the Levels of Stigma and Related Factors Towards Mental Disorders among 1st and 6th Year Students of Ege University Faculty of Medicine: A Cross-sectional Study</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-2287</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Mitkov</surname>
                                    <given-names>Martin Andonov</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>TÜRKİYE KIZILAY DERNEĞİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9368-7860</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Aykut</surname>
                                    <given-names>İdil Diren</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5431-3910</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kazancı</surname>
                                    <given-names>Zeynep</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ÇANAKKALE ONSEKİZ MART ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, DERMATOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8985-3701</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Aytimur</surname>
                                    <given-names>Didem</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, HALK SAĞLIĞI ANABİLİM DALI</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-4805</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Mandıracıoğlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Aliye</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, HALK SAĞLIĞI ANABİLİM DALI</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260429">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>29</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>25</volume>
                                        <issue>75</issue>
                                        <fpage>150</fpage>
                                        <lpage>160</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260122">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>22</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260316">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>16</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2000, Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2000</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Giriş-Amaç: Tıp fakültesi öğrencileri ruh sağlığı damgalamasının önlenmesinde kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Çalışmada, Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi 1. ve 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin ruhsal bozukluklara yönelik damgalama düzeylerini ve bununla ilişkili faktörleri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, tıp eğitiminin bu tutumlara etkisini değerlendirmek üzere iki sınıf arasında karşılaştırma hedeflenmiştir.Gereç yöntem: Bu kesitsel araştırma, Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 1. ve 6. sınıf toplamda 259 öğrencinin katılımı ile yürütülmüştür. Bağımlı değişken olarak 5’li Likert tipi “Sağlık Çalışanları için Ruhsal Hastalıklara Yönelik Damgalama Ölçeği (SÇ-RHYDÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Bağımsız değişkenler, cinsiyet, öğrenim gördüğü sınıf, ruh sağlığı ile alakalı seminer ya da başka herhangi bir faaliyete katılımı, geçmişte psikiyatrik tanı öyküsü, ailede psikiyatrik tanı öyküsü, psikiyatrik hastalık tanısı almış hastayla daha önce temas durumudur. Bulgular: Çalışmaya %51,6’ı kadın ve %56,4’ü birinci sınıf olarak katılmıştır. Ölçeğin genel toplam ortalama puanı 51,93 ± 9,54 olarak hesaplanmıştır. SÇRHYDÖ alt faktör puanları incelendiğinde sırası ile en yüksek puanı “Tutumlar” 18,30 ± 4,19, “Yardım Arama – Kendini Açma” 17,07 ± 3,64 ve “Sosyal Mesafe” 16,61 ± 4,65 aldığı görülmektedir. Altıncı sınıflar, kadınlar, psikiyatrik hastalık öyküsü, psikiyatri hastası ile deneyim ve psikiyatri ile ilgili faaliyetlere katılımı olanların damgalama eğilimlerinin daha az olduğu belirlenmiştir. Altıncı sınıf öğrencileri, birinci sınıflara kıyasla ailelerinden daha bağımsız yaşamakta, psikiyatri alanında daha fazla deneyime sahip olmakta ve daha yüksek oranda ruh sağlığı sorunları bildirmektedir.Sonuç: Tıp eğitimi sürecinin ve psikiyatrik hizmetlerle ilgili faaliyetlere katılımın ruh sağlığı damgalama davranışlarını önlemede etkili olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Tıp müfredatında ruh sağlığı ile ilgili uygulamalı etkinliklere daha sık yer verilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Objectives: Medical students play critical role in preventing mental health stigma. This study aimed to determine levels of stigma toward mental disorders among first and sixth-year students at Ege University Faculty of Medicine to identify associated factors. Additionally, to compare stigma levels between students at beginning and advanced stages of medical education, in order to evaluate influence of medical training on such attitudes.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 259 students in first and sixth years of Ege University Faculty of Medicine. Opening MindsStigmaScale for HealthCareProviders;5-point Likert scale, was employed as dependent variable. Independent variables included gender, academic year, participation in seminars/mental health-related activities, personal/family history of psychiatric diagnosis, previous contact with patients diagnosed with psychiatric disorder.Results:  51.6% of participants were women and 56.4% were first-year students.  Mean score on t scale was 51.93 ± 9.54. Analysis of Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers sub-scale scores revealed highest scores in following order:Attitudes (18.30 ± 4.19), Disclosure and Help-seeking (17.07 ± 3.64), Social Distance (16.61 ± 4.65). Sixth-year students, women, individuals with history of psychiatric illness, experience of contact with psychiatric patient, participants in psychiatric-related activities exhibited lower levels of stigmatization. Compared to first, sixth-year students were more likely to live independent from their families, have more experience in psychiatry, report more mental health problems.Conclusion: Medical education process and participation in psychiatric services-related activities appear to be effective in reducing mental health stigmatization. Incorporating more frequent practical activities related to mental health into medical curriculum is of paramount importance.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Sağlık Personelinin Tutumu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ruh Sağlığı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tıp Öğrencileri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Psikiyatri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Stereotip</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Attitude of Health Personnel</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Mental Health</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Medical Students</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Psychiatry</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Stereotyping</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">1.	World Health Organization. Mental health: strengthening our response [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2022 [cited 2026 Jan 14]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">2.	World Health Organization. Mental Health and COVID-19: Early evidence of the pandemic’s impact. Geneva: WHO; 2022.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">3.	Öğütlü H. Turkey&#039;s response to COVID-19 in terms of mental health. Ir J Psychol Med. 2020;37(3):222-225.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">4.	T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Sağlık İstatistik Yıllığı 2022. Ankara: Sağlık Bilgi Sistemleri Genel Müdürlüğü; 2022.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">5.	Stefanovics EA, Rosenheck RA, He H, et al. Medical student beliefs and attitudes toward mental illness across five nations. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2016;204(12):909-915.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">6.	Corrigan PW, Watson AC. Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness. World Psychiatry. 2002;1(1):16-20.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">7.	Hankir AK, Northall A, Zaman R. Stigma and mental health challenges in medical students. BMJ Case Rep. 2014;2014: bcr2014205226.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">8.	Subramaniam M. Stigma and mental health: overcoming barriers. Singapore Med J. 2024;65(10):533-535.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">9.	Lagunes-Cordoba E, Davalos A, Fresan-Orellana A, et al. Mental Health Service Users’ Perceptions of Stigma. Community Ment Health J. 2021;57(5):985-993.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">10.	Sølvhøj IN, Kusier AO, Pedersen PV, et al. Somatic health care professionals’ stigmatization of patients with mental disorder: a scoping review. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21(1):443.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">11.	Jauch M, Occhipinti S, O&#039;Donovan A. The stigmatization of mental illness by mental health professionals: Scoping review and bibliometric analysis. PLoS One. 2023;18(1): e0280739.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">12.	Ahad AA, Sanchez-Gonzalez M, Junquera P. Understanding and Addressing Mental Health Stigma Across Cultures for Improving Psychiatric Care. Cureus. 2023;15(5): e39549.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">13.	Gur K, Kucuk L. Females&#039; Attitudes Toward Mental Illness: A Sample from Rural Istanbul, Turkey. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016;18(5): e22267.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">14.	Chang S, Ong HL, Seow E, et al. Stigma towards mental illness among medical and nursing students in Singapore. BMJ Open. 2017;7(12): e018099.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">15.	Moreira AR, Oura MJ, Santos P. Stigma about mental disease in Portuguese medical students. BMC Med Educ. 2021;21(1):265.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">16.	Erbaydar NP, Çilingiroğlu N. Tıp eğitimi geleceğin hekimlerinin ruh sağlığı sorunu olan bireylere yönelik tutumlarını etkilemekte midir? Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2010;21(2):114-125.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">17.	Yıldırım Birdoğan S, Berksun OE. Tıp fakültesi 1. sınıf ve 6. sınıf öğrencilerinde psikiyatrik hastaya yönelik tutumlar. Kriz Derg. 2002;10(2):1-7.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">18.	Duman B, Çolak B, Özdemir SN, et al. Tıp eğitiminin ruhsal hastalıklara yönelik tutumlara etkisi. Turk Aile Hekim Derg. 2019;23(4):141-149.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">19.	Bacık Yaman G, Kumbul H, Köyüstü B, Hüseynov İ, Özdamar Ünal G. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Ruhsal Hastalıklara Yönelik Tutumları ve Empati ile İlişkisi. Med J SDU 2023; 30(4): 662-671. doi: 10.17343/sdu</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">20.	Bacık Yaman G, Nar B, İşcan G. Perceived Stress in Medical Education: Relationship with Empathy and Stigmatisation. Med J SDU [Internet]. 2024 Sept. 1;31(3):261-70. doi: 10.17343/sdutfd.1496746tfd.1357125</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">21.	Altindag A, Yanik M, Ucok A, et al. Effects of an antistigma program on medical students’ attitudes towards people with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006;60(3):283-288.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">22.	Soygur H, Üçok VA, Akbiyik DI. Antistigma efforts in Turkey: The Turkish Program Against Stigmatization. Int J Ment Health. 2007;36(3):58-65.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">23.	Azazi Y. Sağlık çalışanları için ruhsal hastalıklara yönelik damgalama ölçeği (SÇ-RHYDÖ) ’ nin Türkçeye uyarlanması [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi; 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">24.	Modgill G, Patten SB, Knaak S, et al. Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC): Examination of psychometric properties. BMC Psychiatry. 2014; 14:120.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">25.	Őri D, Szocsics P, Molnár T, et al. Psychometric properties of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers in 32 European countries. Front Public Health. 2023; 11:1168929.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">26.	Çam O, Bilge A. Türkiye’de ruhsal hastalığa/hastaya yönelik inanç, tutum ve damgalama süreci: Sistematik derleme. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Derg. 2013;4(2):91-101.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">27.	Luo A, He H, Mohamed S, Rosenheck R. Medical student attitudes towards people with mental illness in China. Cult Med Psychiatry. 2018;42(3):535-551.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">28.	Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi. Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları İntörn Hekimlik İşleyiş ve Çalışma Esasları 2024–2025. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi; 2024</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">29.	Demirören M, Saka M, Şenol Y, Şentürk V, Baysal O, Öztuna D. The impact of reflective practices on medical students’ attitudes towards mental illness. Anatolian J Psychiatry. 2016;17(6):466-75. doi: 10.5455/apd.223938</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">30.	Pinto da Costa, M., Kantaveenam, V., &amp; Ahmed, N. (2024). Changes in volunteers’ attitudes towards mental illness after remote volunteering support. Current Psychology, 43(48), 36911-36920</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">31.	Ullah, H., Huma, S., Tahir, N., Yasin, G., Ashraf, M., Shabana, H., ... &amp; Khan, J. S. (2025). Effects of Hidden Curriculum on Medical Education and Strategies to Reshape Hidden Curriculum as a Curriculum Promotor–A Systematic Review. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 2087-2098.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">32.	Phillips, S. P., &amp; Clarke, M. (2012). More than an education: the hidden curriculum, professional attitudes and career choice. Medical education, 46(9), 887-893</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">33.	Aldabbour B, Abu-El-Noor N, Elhissi A, et al. Medical student attitudes toward mental illness: a cross-sectional study from the Gaza Strip. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg. 2024;60(1):116.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">34.	Janoušková M, Weissová A, Formánek T, et al. Mental illness stigma among medical students and teachers. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2017;63(8):744-751.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">35.	Dubin RE, Kaplan A, Graves L, Ng VK. Acknowledging stigma: its presence in patient care and medical education. Can Fam Physician. 2017;63(12):906-908.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">36.	Ersoy MA, Varan A. Ruhsal hastalıklarda içselleştirilmiş damgalanma ölçeği Türkçe formu’nun güvenilirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2007;18(2):163-171.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">37.	Brandt L, Liu S, Heim C, Heinz A. The effects of social isolation stress and discrimination on mental health. Transl Psychiatry. 2022;12(1):398.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">38.	Korszun A, Dinos S, Ahmed K, Bhui K. Medical student attitudes about mental illness: does medical-school education reduce stigma? Acad Psychiatry. 2012;36(3):197-204.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">39.	Avcil C, Bulut H, Hızlı Sayar G. Psikiyatrik hastalıklar ve damgalama. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Derg. 2016; 2:175-202.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">40.	Magliano L, Read J, Sagliocchi A, et al. Effect of diagnostic labeling and causal explanations on medical students&#039; views. Psychiatry Res. 2013;210(2):402-407.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
