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Eğitimin Özgürleştirici Boyutu: Paulo Freire ve Richard Peters’ta Modern Eğitim Felsefesinin Temelleri

Year 2025, Issue: 24, 436 - 446, 01.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.55256/temasa.1807569

Abstract

Bu çalışma, modern eğitim felsefesinin özgürleştirici boyutunu Paulo Freire ve Richard S. Peters’ın görüşleri üzerinden felsefi bir çözümlemeyle ele almaktadır. Her iki düşünür de eğitimi yalnızca bilgi aktarımı değil, bireyin bilinçlenmesi, özerkleşmesi ve toplumsal dönüşüme etkin katılımı açısından bir özgürleşme pratiği olarak değerlendirmiştir. Freire’nin ezilenlerin pedagojisi yaklaşımı, öğrenciyi bilginin pasif alıcısı değil, eleştirel bilinç ve praxis yoluyla dönüştürücü bir özne olarak konumlandırır. Peters ise eğitimi, ahlaki akıl yürütme, rasyonalite ve eleştirel düşünme ilkeleri üzerine temellendirir; özgürleşmenin bireyin kendi aklını kullanabilme kapasitesine dayandığını savunur. Çalışmada özgürleşme, eleştirel pedagojinin merkezinde yer alan bir kavram olarak, bireyin düşünsel ve ahlaki özerkliğini geliştiren bir süreç biçiminde ele alınmaktadır. Araştırma, nitel doküman analizi yaklaşımıyla yürütülmüş olup, Freire ve Peters’ın metinleri arasında felsefi karşılaştırma yöntemine dayanmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, felsefi temellerin eğitim politikalarında, öğretmen yetiştirme programlarında ve müfredat tasarımlarında daha görünür kılınması gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, eğitimin bireysel ve toplumsal düzeyde özgürleşmeye hizmet edebilmesi için eleştirel düşünme, etik sorumluluk ve demokratik katılım ilkelerinin merkeze alınması gerektiği ileri sürülmektedir.

References

  • Apple, M. W. Education and power (2nd ed.). Routledge, 2011.
  • Bakhtin, M. Rabelais and his world. MIT Press, 1968.
  • Budnyk, O., I. Nikolaiesku, Y. Solovei, O. Grebeniuk, K. Fomin ve V. Shynkarova. “Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy and modern rural education,” Revista Brasileira de Educação do Campo 8, (2023): e16480. https://doi.org/10.20873/uft.rbec.e16480
  • Chalaune, B. S. “Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy in educational transformation,” International Journal of Research – GRANTHAALAYAH 9(4), (2021): 185-194.
  • Cuypers, S. E. “The life of reason: R. S. Peters’ Stoic philosophy of education,” Educational Philosophy and Theory 47(9), (2015): 891-908.
  • Davis, B. Inventions of teaching: A genealogy. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006.
  • Freire, P. Education for critical consciousness. Seabury Press, 1994.
  • Freire, P. Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). Continuum, 2000.
  • Freire, P. Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). Bloomsbury, 2005.
  • Freire, P. Freire, critical pedagogy and culture circles. University of California, 1985.
  • Harris, W. J. ve D. Roter. “Paulo Freire’s legacy in contemporary pedagogy,” Journal of Educational Thought 58(2), (2024): 157-172.
  • Held, D. Introduction to critical theory: Horkheimer to Habermas. University of California Press, 2014.
  • Janes, T., P. Jones ve S. Morgan. “Reassessing Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy in contemporary contexts,” International Journal of Educational Research 118, (2023): 60.
  • Macedo, D. “Introduction” in Pedagogy of the oppressed, 30th anniversary, Editör: P. Freire, 1-28. Continuum, 2000.
  • McLaren, P. “Freire, critical pedagogy and the tasks of the critical scholar-activist,” Studies in Education 24(3), (1999): 121-138.
  • Mannheim, K. Ideology and utopia: An introduction to the sociology of knowledge. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1936.
  • Özgen, U. “Richard Peters: Pioneering contributions to educational philosophy and their lasting impact,” Synesis 16(4), (2024): 45-60.
  • Peters, R. S. Education as initiation. George Allen & Unwin, 1964.
  • National Center for Biotechnology Information. Profound love and dialogue: Paulo Freire and liberation education. 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11230641/
  • Rao, P. “Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy and modern rural education,” International Journal of Social Science Research 11(2), (2023): 77-88.
  • White, J. ve P. White. “Richard Peters and his legacy,” London Review of Education 20(1), (2022): 197-230.

The Emancipatory Dimension of Education: Modern Foundations of Educational Philosophy in Paulo Freire and Richard S. Peters

Year 2025, Issue: 24, 436 - 446, 01.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.55256/temasa.1807569

Abstract

This article presents a philosophical analysis of the liberating dimension of modern educational philosophy through the ideas of Paulo Freire and Richard S. Peters. Both thinkers regard education not merely as the transmission of knowledge but as a practice of emancipation that enables individual awareness, autonomy, and active participation in social transformation. Freire’s pedagogy of the oppressed positions the learner not as a passive recipient of information but as a transformative subject who co-creates knowledge through critical consciousness and praxis. Peters, on the other hand, grounds education in moral reasoning, rationality, and critical reflection, arguing that true freedom lies in one’s ability to use reason autonomously. The study approaches emancipation as a central concept in critical pedagogy and interprets it as a process that develops intellectual and moral autonomy in the individual. Employing a qualitative document analysis, the research is based on a comparative philosophical examination of Freire’s and Peters’s works. In this context, it emphasizes the necessity of making philosophical foundations more visible in educational policies, teacher education programs, and curriculum design. In conclusion, it is argued that education can serve both individual and collective liberation only when critical thinking, ethical responsibility, and democratic participation are placed at its core.

References

  • Apple, M. W. Education and power (2nd ed.). Routledge, 2011.
  • Bakhtin, M. Rabelais and his world. MIT Press, 1968.
  • Budnyk, O., I. Nikolaiesku, Y. Solovei, O. Grebeniuk, K. Fomin ve V. Shynkarova. “Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy and modern rural education,” Revista Brasileira de Educação do Campo 8, (2023): e16480. https://doi.org/10.20873/uft.rbec.e16480
  • Chalaune, B. S. “Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy in educational transformation,” International Journal of Research – GRANTHAALAYAH 9(4), (2021): 185-194.
  • Cuypers, S. E. “The life of reason: R. S. Peters’ Stoic philosophy of education,” Educational Philosophy and Theory 47(9), (2015): 891-908.
  • Davis, B. Inventions of teaching: A genealogy. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006.
  • Freire, P. Education for critical consciousness. Seabury Press, 1994.
  • Freire, P. Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). Continuum, 2000.
  • Freire, P. Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). Bloomsbury, 2005.
  • Freire, P. Freire, critical pedagogy and culture circles. University of California, 1985.
  • Harris, W. J. ve D. Roter. “Paulo Freire’s legacy in contemporary pedagogy,” Journal of Educational Thought 58(2), (2024): 157-172.
  • Held, D. Introduction to critical theory: Horkheimer to Habermas. University of California Press, 2014.
  • Janes, T., P. Jones ve S. Morgan. “Reassessing Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy in contemporary contexts,” International Journal of Educational Research 118, (2023): 60.
  • Macedo, D. “Introduction” in Pedagogy of the oppressed, 30th anniversary, Editör: P. Freire, 1-28. Continuum, 2000.
  • McLaren, P. “Freire, critical pedagogy and the tasks of the critical scholar-activist,” Studies in Education 24(3), (1999): 121-138.
  • Mannheim, K. Ideology and utopia: An introduction to the sociology of knowledge. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1936.
  • Özgen, U. “Richard Peters: Pioneering contributions to educational philosophy and their lasting impact,” Synesis 16(4), (2024): 45-60.
  • Peters, R. S. Education as initiation. George Allen & Unwin, 1964.
  • National Center for Biotechnology Information. Profound love and dialogue: Paulo Freire and liberation education. 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11230641/
  • Rao, P. “Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy and modern rural education,” International Journal of Social Science Research 11(2), (2023): 77-88.
  • White, J. ve P. White. “Richard Peters and his legacy,” London Review of Education 20(1), (2022): 197-230.

Year 2025, Issue: 24, 436 - 446, 01.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.55256/temasa.1807569

Abstract

References

  • Apple, M. W. Education and power (2nd ed.). Routledge, 2011.
  • Bakhtin, M. Rabelais and his world. MIT Press, 1968.
  • Budnyk, O., I. Nikolaiesku, Y. Solovei, O. Grebeniuk, K. Fomin ve V. Shynkarova. “Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy and modern rural education,” Revista Brasileira de Educação do Campo 8, (2023): e16480. https://doi.org/10.20873/uft.rbec.e16480
  • Chalaune, B. S. “Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy in educational transformation,” International Journal of Research – GRANTHAALAYAH 9(4), (2021): 185-194.
  • Cuypers, S. E. “The life of reason: R. S. Peters’ Stoic philosophy of education,” Educational Philosophy and Theory 47(9), (2015): 891-908.
  • Davis, B. Inventions of teaching: A genealogy. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006.
  • Freire, P. Education for critical consciousness. Seabury Press, 1994.
  • Freire, P. Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). Continuum, 2000.
  • Freire, P. Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). Bloomsbury, 2005.
  • Freire, P. Freire, critical pedagogy and culture circles. University of California, 1985.
  • Harris, W. J. ve D. Roter. “Paulo Freire’s legacy in contemporary pedagogy,” Journal of Educational Thought 58(2), (2024): 157-172.
  • Held, D. Introduction to critical theory: Horkheimer to Habermas. University of California Press, 2014.
  • Janes, T., P. Jones ve S. Morgan. “Reassessing Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy in contemporary contexts,” International Journal of Educational Research 118, (2023): 60.
  • Macedo, D. “Introduction” in Pedagogy of the oppressed, 30th anniversary, Editör: P. Freire, 1-28. Continuum, 2000.
  • McLaren, P. “Freire, critical pedagogy and the tasks of the critical scholar-activist,” Studies in Education 24(3), (1999): 121-138.
  • Mannheim, K. Ideology and utopia: An introduction to the sociology of knowledge. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1936.
  • Özgen, U. “Richard Peters: Pioneering contributions to educational philosophy and their lasting impact,” Synesis 16(4), (2024): 45-60.
  • Peters, R. S. Education as initiation. George Allen & Unwin, 1964.
  • National Center for Biotechnology Information. Profound love and dialogue: Paulo Freire and liberation education. 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11230641/
  • Rao, P. “Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy and modern rural education,” International Journal of Social Science Research 11(2), (2023): 77-88.
  • White, J. ve P. White. “Richard Peters and his legacy,” London Review of Education 20(1), (2022): 197-230.

Year 2025, Issue: 24, 436 - 446, 01.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.55256/temasa.1807569

Abstract

References

  • Apple, M. W. Education and power (2nd ed.). Routledge, 2011.
  • Bakhtin, M. Rabelais and his world. MIT Press, 1968.
  • Budnyk, O., I. Nikolaiesku, Y. Solovei, O. Grebeniuk, K. Fomin ve V. Shynkarova. “Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy and modern rural education,” Revista Brasileira de Educação do Campo 8, (2023): e16480. https://doi.org/10.20873/uft.rbec.e16480
  • Chalaune, B. S. “Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy in educational transformation,” International Journal of Research – GRANTHAALAYAH 9(4), (2021): 185-194.
  • Cuypers, S. E. “The life of reason: R. S. Peters’ Stoic philosophy of education,” Educational Philosophy and Theory 47(9), (2015): 891-908.
  • Davis, B. Inventions of teaching: A genealogy. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006.
  • Freire, P. Education for critical consciousness. Seabury Press, 1994.
  • Freire, P. Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). Continuum, 2000.
  • Freire, P. Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). Bloomsbury, 2005.
  • Freire, P. Freire, critical pedagogy and culture circles. University of California, 1985.
  • Harris, W. J. ve D. Roter. “Paulo Freire’s legacy in contemporary pedagogy,” Journal of Educational Thought 58(2), (2024): 157-172.
  • Held, D. Introduction to critical theory: Horkheimer to Habermas. University of California Press, 2014.
  • Janes, T., P. Jones ve S. Morgan. “Reassessing Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy in contemporary contexts,” International Journal of Educational Research 118, (2023): 60.
  • Macedo, D. “Introduction” in Pedagogy of the oppressed, 30th anniversary, Editör: P. Freire, 1-28. Continuum, 2000.
  • McLaren, P. “Freire, critical pedagogy and the tasks of the critical scholar-activist,” Studies in Education 24(3), (1999): 121-138.
  • Mannheim, K. Ideology and utopia: An introduction to the sociology of knowledge. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1936.
  • Özgen, U. “Richard Peters: Pioneering contributions to educational philosophy and their lasting impact,” Synesis 16(4), (2024): 45-60.
  • Peters, R. S. Education as initiation. George Allen & Unwin, 1964.
  • National Center for Biotechnology Information. Profound love and dialogue: Paulo Freire and liberation education. 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11230641/
  • Rao, P. “Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy and modern rural education,” International Journal of Social Science Research 11(2), (2023): 77-88.
  • White, J. ve P. White. “Richard Peters and his legacy,” London Review of Education 20(1), (2022): 197-230.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy of Education
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Buket Kayışlı Arkadaş 0000-0002-1083-7002

Publication Date December 1, 2025
Submission Date October 20, 2025
Acceptance Date November 4, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 24

Cite

Chicago Kayışlı Arkadaş, Buket. “Eğitimin Özgürleştirici Boyutu: Paulo Freire Ve Richard Peters’ta Modern Eğitim Felsefesinin Temelleri”. Temaşa Erciyes Üniversitesi Felsefe Bölümü Dergisi, no. 24 (December 2025): 436-46. https://doi.org/10.55256/temasa.1807569.