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Şanlıurfa yöresindeki Anofel larvalarının morfolojik tanımlanması ve üreme alanlarının fiziksel ve ekolojik özelliklerin araştırılması

Year 2020, Volume: 77 Issue: 2, 207 - 216, 01.06.2020

Abstract

Amaç: Sivrisinek kontrol çalışmalarının bilimsel temelli olarak yapılabilmesi için vektör türlerinin tanımlanması ve üreme alanlarının fiziksel ve ekolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Şanlıurfa yöresinde Anopheles türlerinin morfolojik yöntemle tanımlanması ve üreme alanlarının fiziksel ve ekolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: 29 Eylül 2009 ile 03 Ekim 2009 tarihleri arasında sıtma vakalarının görüldüğü Şanlıurfa ilinin Birecik, Eyyübiye, Haliliye, Harran, Siverek ve Viranşehir ilçelerinde belirlenen dokuz üreme alanından sivrisinek larvası toplanmış, dördüncü evre larvaları morfolojik karakterleri DuBose ve Curtin 1965 , Merdivenci 1984 ve Darsie ve Samanidou-Vojadjoglou 1997 ’nın anahtarlarına göre tanımlanmıştır. Üreme alanlarındaki suyun temel ekolojik parametrelerinden sıcaklık ve çözünmüş oksijen ExStik® DO600 Extech Instruments-USA ; pH ve iletkenlik Hanna Instruments 98129 pH/Conductivity/TDS Tester Hanna InstrumentsGermany ; tuzluluk ExStik®II EC400 Conductivity/TDS/ Salinity/Temperature Meter Extech Instruments-USA kullanılarak ölçülmüştür.Bulgular: Toplanan 274 dördüncü evre larvalardan 231 %84,3 were identified as An. sacharovi and 41 %14,96 of them were identified as An. superpictus. Two 0,73% samples identified as Anopheles genus, species discrimination could not be done. In %88,89 n=8 of nine breeding places An. sacharovi and in %11,11 n=1 of total breeding places An. superpictus found to be dominant species according to the morphological results. Malaria vector An. sacharovi detected in all breeding places which had different pH values, dissolved oxygen proportions, electrical conductivity, water temperature and salinity proportions with horizontal vegetation. The limits of tolerance for essential ecological parameters of species found to be as: pH – 7,77-9,18 mean 8,53 ; electrical conductivity – 310-1100 µS/cm mean 496,91 ; dissolved oxygen mg/l – 1,64-13,06 mean 9,67 ; temperature of water – 20,3-25,8 °C mean 23,46 ; salinity 0,15-0,55 ppt mean 0,24 . The limits of tolerance for essential ecological parameters of An. superpictus species in study area measured as: pH 8,48; electrical conductivity 710 µS/cm; dissolved oxygen 8,91 mg/l; temperature of water 25,8 °C; salinity 0,35. In statistical analysis of physical and ecological characteristics of mosquito breeding places; no significant difference between pH values p=0,189 was found between An. sacharovi and An. superpictus breeding places but significant difıference have been found in water temperature p= 0,0000001 , electrical conductivity p= 0,0000001 , salinity p= 0,0000001 and dissolved oxygen p= 0,001 values. Conclusion: An. sacharovi is thought to be considered to be primary malaria vector in Şanlıurfa Province as it can become the dominant species in malaria endemic areas and also in areas where transmission reoccur due to its ecological flexibility. In this context, vector control strategies in Şanlıurfa

References

  • 1. Becker N, Petric D, Zgomba M, Boase C, Dahl C, Lane J, Kaiser A. Mosquitoes and Their Control. Kluwer Academic/Planum Publishers, New York, United States of America, 2003.
  • 2. Pratt HD, Barnes RC, Littig KS. Mosquitoes of public health importance and their control. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Georgia, Public Health Service Publication No.772, Insect Control Series: Part VI, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA, 1963.
  • 3. Ramsdale CD, Alten B, Caglar SS, Ozer N. A revised, annotated checklist of the mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of Turkey. European Mosquito Bulletin, 2001; 9: 18-27.
  • 4. Harbach RE. Genus Anopheles Meigen, 1818. Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory, 2015. http:// mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info/genusanopheles-meigen-1818. (Erişim tarihi: 12.07.2019).
  • 5. Hay S, Sinka ME, Okara RM, Kabaria CW, Mbithi PM, et al. Developing global maps of the dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria. PLoS Med, 2010; 7(2):e1000209. doi: 10.1371/journal. pmed.1000209.
  • 6. Sinka ME, Bangs MJ, Manguin S, Rubio-Palis Y, Chareonviriyaphap T, Coetzee M, et al. A Global Map of Dominant Malaria Vectors. Parasit Vectors, 2012; 5: 69. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-69
  • 7. Alten B, Çaglar SS, Ozer N. Malaria and its vectors in Turkey. Mosquito Bulletin, 2000; 7: 27-33.
  • 8. Ozbilgin A, Topluoglu S, Es S, Islek E, Mollahaliloğlu S, Erkoç Y. Malaria in Turkey: successful control and strategies for achieving elimination. Acta Trop, 2011; 120(1-2): 15-23. doi: 10.1016/j. actatropica.2011.06.011.
  • 9. World Malaria Report 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization, Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO, 2018.
  • 10. Mintcheva R, Topluoglu S, Rietveld A, Cibulskis R. Eliminating Malaria. Case-study 5. The long road to malaria elimination in Turkey. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2013.
  • 11. Topluoglu S, Aydin E, Taylan Ozkan A, Kapçak S. P.vivax malaria cases in Mardin province in 2012 – 2014. 25th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, April, 25-28, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2015.
  • 12. Rietveld A, Kurdova-Mintcheva R. Eliminating Malaria; Learning From the Past, Looking Ahead. Progress and Impact Series (Number 8, October). Geneva, Switzerland: Roll Back Malaria Partnership Secretariat, World Health Organization and PATH, WHO Press, 2011.
  • 13. Seyrek A, Özbilge H, Aslan G, Taşçı S. Şanlıurfa ilimizde 1992-1997 yılları arasında sıtma görülme sıklığının retrospektif olarak incelenmesi. Türkiye Parazitol Derg, 1998; 22 (3): 220-224.
  • 14. T.C. Şanlıurfa Valiliği İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü, 2013. http://www.urfakultur.gov. tr/Eklenti/19259,idari-yapi.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2015).
  • 15. Saygılı R, 2015. http:// http://gorselweb. com/g/http-96213-45781-45781www84332cografyaharita-84332com-45781haritalarim457814l_sanliurfa_ili_haritasi-84332png/ sanliurfa-ili/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa-%C4%B0liharitas%C4%B1.html. (Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2015).
  • 16. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi. Erişim: [http://www.tuik.gov. tr//]. Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2015.
  • 17. Türkiye ve Orta Doğu Amme İdaresi Enstitüsü (TODAİE), 2000. İlçe-Köy Koordinatları. http:// www.yerelnet.org.tr/. (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2015).
  • 18. Krüger A, Tannich E. Rediscovery of Anopheles algeriensis Theob. (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany after half a century. Journal of the European Mosquito Control Association, 2013; 31: 14-16.
  • 19. Meyabeme Elono LM, Liess M, Duquesne S. Influence of competing and predatory invertebrate taxa on larval populations of mosquitoes in temporary ponds of wetland areas in Germany. J Vector Ecol, 2010; 35 (2): 419-427
  • 20. Mckeon SN, Schlichting CD, Povoa MM, Conn JE. Ecological suitability and spatial distribution of five Anopheles species in Amazonian Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2013, 88(6): 1079–1086. doi: 10.4269/ ajtmh.12-0203.
  • 21. World Health Organization. Manual on practical entomology in malaria, Part II, WHO, Geneva, 1975.
  • 22. Dubose WP, Curtin TJ (1965). Identification keys to the adult and larval mosquitoes of the Mediterranean Area. J Med Entomol, 1965; 1 (4): 349-355. DOI:10.1093/jmedent/1.4.349.
  • 23. Merdivenci A. Türkiye Sivrisinekleri. Yurdumuzda varlığı bilinen sivrisineklerin biyo-morfolojisi, yayılışı ve sağlık önlemleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Yayınları, TAŞ Matbaası, İstanbul, 1984.
  • 24. Darsie RE, Samanidou-Vojadjoglou A. Keys for the identification of the mosquitoes of Greece. J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 1997; 13(3): 247-254.
  • 25. Alptekin D. Arazi koşullarında Anopheles sacharovi Favre ve Çukurova’da sık bulunan Culicinae (Culicidae: Diptera) türlerinin biyo-ekolojisi üzerine araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1991.
  • 26. Demirhan O. Konakçı çeşitinin Anopheles sacharovi Favre’nin yumurta verimi ve ömür uzunluğuna etkisi. Master Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1987.
  • 27. Eren H, Yağcı Ş, Tanyüksel M. Ankara yöresinde bulunan sivrisinek (Diptera: Culicidae) türleri. Türk Hij Den Biyol Derg, 1996; 53(1): 25-29
  • 28. Lüleyap HÜ. Sıtma vektörü Anopheles sacharovi erginlerinde ATPaz aktivitesi ve sivrisinek mücadelesinde kullanılan Pirimiphos Methyl’in bu aktiviteye etkisi. Master Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1992.
  • 29. Lüleyap HÜ, Alptekin D, Kasap H, Kasap M. Sıtma Vektörü Anopheles sacharovi ve Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) türlerinde organofosfat direncine bağlı Over-produce esteraz allel tiplerinin elektroforetik yöntemle belirlenmesi. Turk J Biol, 2000; 24: 33-40.
  • 30. Öter K. İstanbul’da görülen sivrisinek türlerinin tespiti. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2007.
  • 31. Postiglione M, Tabanlı S, Ramsdale CD. The Anopheles of Turkey. Rivista di Parassitologia, 1973; 34(2): 127-159.
  • 32. Şimşek FM. Şanlıurfa ili sınırları içerisinde bulunan sivrisinek türleri (Diptera: Culicidae) ve sıtma vektörlerinin biyo-ekolojisi üzerine araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2004.
  • 33. Yurttaş H, Alten B. Geographic differentiation of life table attributes among Anopheles sacharovi (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in Turkey. J Vector Ecol, 2006; 31 (2): 275-284.
  • 34. Erel D. Anadolu Vektörleri ve Mücadele Metotları, T.C. Sağlık ve Sosyal Yardım Bakanlığı Hıfzıssıhha Okulu, Yayın No: 47, Ankara, 1973.
  • 35. Jetten TH, Takken W. Anophelism without malaria in Europe: review of the ecology and distribution of the genus Anopheles in Europe. Wageningen: Agricultural University. Wageningen Agricultural University Papers, Hetherlands, 1994.
  • 36. Kasap M, Kasap H. Laboratory colonization of Anopheles sacharovi, the principal vector of human malaria in Turkey. Mosq News, 1983; 43: 498-499.
  • 37. Kasap M, Kasap H, Alptekin D, Demirhan O. Anopheles sacharovi`de beslenme ve fizyolojik yaş. Ç.Ü. Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 1989; 14(4): 581-589.
  • 38. Çetin H, Yanıkoğlu A. Antalya kentinde bulunan Sivrisinek (Diptera: Culicidae) türleri, üreme alanları ve baskın tür Culex pipiens L.’in bazı özellikleri. Türkiye Entomol Derg, 2004; 28 (4): 283-294.
  • 39. Muslu H, Kurt Ö, Özbilgin A. Manisa il ve ilçelerinde saptanan sivrisinek türlerinin (Diptera: Culicidae) yaşam alanları ve mevsimsel değişikliklere göre değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Parazitol Derg, 2011; 35: 100-4.

Morphological identification of Anopheles larvae, and investigation of physical and ecological characteristics of reproduction areas in Sanliurfa region

Year 2020, Volume: 77 Issue: 2, 207 - 216, 01.06.2020

Abstract

Objective: Identification of vector species and determination of physical and ecological features of their breeding places is essential in implementation of scientific based mosquito control activities. In this study, it is aimed to identify Anopheles species by morphological method and determination of physical and ecological characteristics of their breeding places in Şanlıurfa territory.Methods: Mosquito larvae were collected between September 29 and October 03, 2009 from determined 9 breeding places in Birecik, Eyyübiye, Haliliye, Harran, Siverek and Viransehir districts of Şanlıurfa province where malaria cases had been reported and four instar larvae were identified morphologically according to keys of DuBose ve Curtin 1965 , Merdivenci 1984 and Darsie and Samanidou-Vojadjoglou 1997 . Essential ecological parameters of water in breeding places were measured. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured by using ExStik® DO600 Extech Instruments-USA ; pH and conductivity were measured by using Hanna Instruments 98129 pH / Conductivity /TDS Tester Hanna InstrumentsGermany and salinity was measured using ExStik®II EC400 Conductivity/TDS / Salinity/Temperature Meter Extech Instruments-USA .Results: Of the 274 four instar larvae collected, 231 %84,3 were identified as An. sacharovi and 41 %14,96 of them were identified as An. superpictus. Two 0,73% samples identified as Anopheles genus, species discrimination could not be done. In %88,89 n=8 of nine breeding places An. sacharovi and in %11,11 n=1 of total breeding places An. superpictus found to be dominant species according to the morphological results. Malaria vector An. sacharovi detected in all breeding places which had different pH values, dissolved oxygen proportions, electrical conductivity, water temperature and salinity proportions with horizontal vegetation. The limits of tolerance for essential ecological parameters of species found to be as: pH – 7,77-9,18 mean 8,53 ; electrical conductivity – 310-1100 µS/cm mean 496,91 ; dissolved oxygen mg/l – 1,64-13,06 mean 9,67 ; temperature of water – 20,3-25,8 °C mean 23,46 ; salinity 0,15-0,55 ppt mean 0,24 . The limits of tolerance for essential ecological parameters of An. superpictus species in study area measured as: pH 8,48; electrical conductivity 710 µS/cm; dissolved oxygen 8,91 mg/l; temperature of water 25,8 °C; salinity 0,35. In statistical analysis of physical and ecological characteristics of mosquito breeding places; no significant difference between pH values p=0,189 was found between An. sacharovi and An. superpictus breeding places but significant difıference have been found in water temperature p= 0,0000001 , electrical conductivity p= 0,0000001 , salinity p= 0,0000001 and dissolved oxygen p= 0,001 values. Conclusion: An. sacharovi is thought to be considered to be primary malaria vector in Şanlıurfa Province as it can become the dominant species in malaria endemic areas and also in areas where transmission reoccur due to its ecological flexibility. In this context, vector control strategies in Şanlıurfa

References

  • 1. Becker N, Petric D, Zgomba M, Boase C, Dahl C, Lane J, Kaiser A. Mosquitoes and Their Control. Kluwer Academic/Planum Publishers, New York, United States of America, 2003.
  • 2. Pratt HD, Barnes RC, Littig KS. Mosquitoes of public health importance and their control. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Georgia, Public Health Service Publication No.772, Insect Control Series: Part VI, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA, 1963.
  • 3. Ramsdale CD, Alten B, Caglar SS, Ozer N. A revised, annotated checklist of the mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of Turkey. European Mosquito Bulletin, 2001; 9: 18-27.
  • 4. Harbach RE. Genus Anopheles Meigen, 1818. Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory, 2015. http:// mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info/genusanopheles-meigen-1818. (Erişim tarihi: 12.07.2019).
  • 5. Hay S, Sinka ME, Okara RM, Kabaria CW, Mbithi PM, et al. Developing global maps of the dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria. PLoS Med, 2010; 7(2):e1000209. doi: 10.1371/journal. pmed.1000209.
  • 6. Sinka ME, Bangs MJ, Manguin S, Rubio-Palis Y, Chareonviriyaphap T, Coetzee M, et al. A Global Map of Dominant Malaria Vectors. Parasit Vectors, 2012; 5: 69. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-69
  • 7. Alten B, Çaglar SS, Ozer N. Malaria and its vectors in Turkey. Mosquito Bulletin, 2000; 7: 27-33.
  • 8. Ozbilgin A, Topluoglu S, Es S, Islek E, Mollahaliloğlu S, Erkoç Y. Malaria in Turkey: successful control and strategies for achieving elimination. Acta Trop, 2011; 120(1-2): 15-23. doi: 10.1016/j. actatropica.2011.06.011.
  • 9. World Malaria Report 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization, Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO, 2018.
  • 10. Mintcheva R, Topluoglu S, Rietveld A, Cibulskis R. Eliminating Malaria. Case-study 5. The long road to malaria elimination in Turkey. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2013.
  • 11. Topluoglu S, Aydin E, Taylan Ozkan A, Kapçak S. P.vivax malaria cases in Mardin province in 2012 – 2014. 25th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, April, 25-28, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2015.
  • 12. Rietveld A, Kurdova-Mintcheva R. Eliminating Malaria; Learning From the Past, Looking Ahead. Progress and Impact Series (Number 8, October). Geneva, Switzerland: Roll Back Malaria Partnership Secretariat, World Health Organization and PATH, WHO Press, 2011.
  • 13. Seyrek A, Özbilge H, Aslan G, Taşçı S. Şanlıurfa ilimizde 1992-1997 yılları arasında sıtma görülme sıklığının retrospektif olarak incelenmesi. Türkiye Parazitol Derg, 1998; 22 (3): 220-224.
  • 14. T.C. Şanlıurfa Valiliği İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü, 2013. http://www.urfakultur.gov. tr/Eklenti/19259,idari-yapi.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2015).
  • 15. Saygılı R, 2015. http:// http://gorselweb. com/g/http-96213-45781-45781www84332cografyaharita-84332com-45781haritalarim457814l_sanliurfa_ili_haritasi-84332png/ sanliurfa-ili/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa-%C4%B0liharitas%C4%B1.html. (Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2015).
  • 16. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi. Erişim: [http://www.tuik.gov. tr//]. Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2015.
  • 17. Türkiye ve Orta Doğu Amme İdaresi Enstitüsü (TODAİE), 2000. İlçe-Köy Koordinatları. http:// www.yerelnet.org.tr/. (Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2015).
  • 18. Krüger A, Tannich E. Rediscovery of Anopheles algeriensis Theob. (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany after half a century. Journal of the European Mosquito Control Association, 2013; 31: 14-16.
  • 19. Meyabeme Elono LM, Liess M, Duquesne S. Influence of competing and predatory invertebrate taxa on larval populations of mosquitoes in temporary ponds of wetland areas in Germany. J Vector Ecol, 2010; 35 (2): 419-427
  • 20. Mckeon SN, Schlichting CD, Povoa MM, Conn JE. Ecological suitability and spatial distribution of five Anopheles species in Amazonian Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2013, 88(6): 1079–1086. doi: 10.4269/ ajtmh.12-0203.
  • 21. World Health Organization. Manual on practical entomology in malaria, Part II, WHO, Geneva, 1975.
  • 22. Dubose WP, Curtin TJ (1965). Identification keys to the adult and larval mosquitoes of the Mediterranean Area. J Med Entomol, 1965; 1 (4): 349-355. DOI:10.1093/jmedent/1.4.349.
  • 23. Merdivenci A. Türkiye Sivrisinekleri. Yurdumuzda varlığı bilinen sivrisineklerin biyo-morfolojisi, yayılışı ve sağlık önlemleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Yayınları, TAŞ Matbaası, İstanbul, 1984.
  • 24. Darsie RE, Samanidou-Vojadjoglou A. Keys for the identification of the mosquitoes of Greece. J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 1997; 13(3): 247-254.
  • 25. Alptekin D. Arazi koşullarında Anopheles sacharovi Favre ve Çukurova’da sık bulunan Culicinae (Culicidae: Diptera) türlerinin biyo-ekolojisi üzerine araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1991.
  • 26. Demirhan O. Konakçı çeşitinin Anopheles sacharovi Favre’nin yumurta verimi ve ömür uzunluğuna etkisi. Master Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1987.
  • 27. Eren H, Yağcı Ş, Tanyüksel M. Ankara yöresinde bulunan sivrisinek (Diptera: Culicidae) türleri. Türk Hij Den Biyol Derg, 1996; 53(1): 25-29
  • 28. Lüleyap HÜ. Sıtma vektörü Anopheles sacharovi erginlerinde ATPaz aktivitesi ve sivrisinek mücadelesinde kullanılan Pirimiphos Methyl’in bu aktiviteye etkisi. Master Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1992.
  • 29. Lüleyap HÜ, Alptekin D, Kasap H, Kasap M. Sıtma Vektörü Anopheles sacharovi ve Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) türlerinde organofosfat direncine bağlı Over-produce esteraz allel tiplerinin elektroforetik yöntemle belirlenmesi. Turk J Biol, 2000; 24: 33-40.
  • 30. Öter K. İstanbul’da görülen sivrisinek türlerinin tespiti. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2007.
  • 31. Postiglione M, Tabanlı S, Ramsdale CD. The Anopheles of Turkey. Rivista di Parassitologia, 1973; 34(2): 127-159.
  • 32. Şimşek FM. Şanlıurfa ili sınırları içerisinde bulunan sivrisinek türleri (Diptera: Culicidae) ve sıtma vektörlerinin biyo-ekolojisi üzerine araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2004.
  • 33. Yurttaş H, Alten B. Geographic differentiation of life table attributes among Anopheles sacharovi (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in Turkey. J Vector Ecol, 2006; 31 (2): 275-284.
  • 34. Erel D. Anadolu Vektörleri ve Mücadele Metotları, T.C. Sağlık ve Sosyal Yardım Bakanlığı Hıfzıssıhha Okulu, Yayın No: 47, Ankara, 1973.
  • 35. Jetten TH, Takken W. Anophelism without malaria in Europe: review of the ecology and distribution of the genus Anopheles in Europe. Wageningen: Agricultural University. Wageningen Agricultural University Papers, Hetherlands, 1994.
  • 36. Kasap M, Kasap H. Laboratory colonization of Anopheles sacharovi, the principal vector of human malaria in Turkey. Mosq News, 1983; 43: 498-499.
  • 37. Kasap M, Kasap H, Alptekin D, Demirhan O. Anopheles sacharovi`de beslenme ve fizyolojik yaş. Ç.Ü. Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 1989; 14(4): 581-589.
  • 38. Çetin H, Yanıkoğlu A. Antalya kentinde bulunan Sivrisinek (Diptera: Culicidae) türleri, üreme alanları ve baskın tür Culex pipiens L.’in bazı özellikleri. Türkiye Entomol Derg, 2004; 28 (4): 283-294.
  • 39. Muslu H, Kurt Ö, Özbilgin A. Manisa il ve ilçelerinde saptanan sivrisinek türlerinin (Diptera: Culicidae) yaşam alanları ve mevsimsel değişikliklere göre değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Parazitol Derg, 2011; 35: 100-4.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Seher Topluoglu This is me

Djursun Karasartova This is me

Zafer Kadri Karaer This is me

Aysegul Taylan Ozkan This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 77 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Topluoglu, S., Karasartova, D., Karaer, Z. K., Ozkan, A. T. (2020). Morphological identification of Anopheles larvae, and investigation of physical and ecological characteristics of reproduction areas in Sanliurfa region. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 77(2), 207-216.
AMA Topluoglu S, Karasartova D, Karaer ZK, Ozkan AT. Morphological identification of Anopheles larvae, and investigation of physical and ecological characteristics of reproduction areas in Sanliurfa region. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. June 2020;77(2):207-216.
Chicago Topluoglu, Seher, Djursun Karasartova, Zafer Kadri Karaer, and Aysegul Taylan Ozkan. “Morphological Identification of Anopheles Larvae, and Investigation of Physical and Ecological Characteristics of Reproduction Areas in Sanliurfa Region”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 77, no. 2 (June 2020): 207-16.
EndNote Topluoglu S, Karasartova D, Karaer ZK, Ozkan AT (June 1, 2020) Morphological identification of Anopheles larvae, and investigation of physical and ecological characteristics of reproduction areas in Sanliurfa region. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 77 2 207–216.
IEEE S. Topluoglu, D. Karasartova, Z. K. Karaer, and A. T. Ozkan, “Morphological identification of Anopheles larvae, and investigation of physical and ecological characteristics of reproduction areas in Sanliurfa region”, Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 207–216, 2020.
ISNAD Topluoglu, Seher et al. “Morphological Identification of Anopheles Larvae, and Investigation of Physical and Ecological Characteristics of Reproduction Areas in Sanliurfa Region”. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 77/2 (June 2020), 207-216.
JAMA Topluoglu S, Karasartova D, Karaer ZK, Ozkan AT. Morphological identification of Anopheles larvae, and investigation of physical and ecological characteristics of reproduction areas in Sanliurfa region. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2020;77:207–216.
MLA Topluoglu, Seher et al. “Morphological Identification of Anopheles Larvae, and Investigation of Physical and Ecological Characteristics of Reproduction Areas in Sanliurfa Region”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, vol. 77, no. 2, 2020, pp. 207-16.
Vancouver Topluoglu S, Karasartova D, Karaer ZK, Ozkan AT. Morphological identification of Anopheles larvae, and investigation of physical and ecological characteristics of reproduction areas in Sanliurfa region. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2020;77(2):207-16.