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Türk sağlık çalışanlarında metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus’un burun taşıyıcılığı oranının incelennesi, 1990-2019: meta-analiz

Year 2020, Volume: 77 Issue: 2, 217 - 226, 01.06.2020

Abstract

Amaç: Metisiline dirençli S. aureus MRSA , sağlık hizmeti ile ilişkili enfeksiyonlara neden olan en yaygın patojenler arasındadır. Sağlık çalışanları, MRSA’nın hastalara ve diğer sağlık çalışanlarına yayılması için rezervuar görevi görebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki sağlık çalışanlarında Staphylococcus aureus’un nazal taşıyıcılık prevalansının belirlenmesidir.Yöntem: Yapmış olduğumuz meta analiz PRISMA Meta-analysis by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses kurallarına uygun olarak gerçekleştirildi. 1990’dan 2019’a kadar ulusal ve uluslararası veritabanlarında yayımlanan çalışmaların sistematik araştırması yapılarak kayıt altına alındı. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda 440 makaleden sadece 26 araştırma kriterlerimize uyduğu için meta analiz çalışmamıza dahil edildi. Cochrane Q istatistiği, çalışmalarda sonuçların heterojenliğini değerlendirmek için hesaplandı. Çalışmalar arasında heterojenlik I2 istatistikleri kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Etki büyüklüğü %95 güven aralığı ile tahmin edildi. Bulgular: Araştırmada seçilen 26 çalışmaya göre toplanan S. aureus ve MRSA prevalansı sırasıyla %24.0 [%95 güven aralığı CI : 0.19-0.29] ve %16.0 %95 CI: 0.12-0.21 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmalar arasında heterojenite S. aureus için I2 = 95.62, MRSA için p = 0.000 ve I2 = 81.10; p =0.000 bulunmasından dolayı araştırmada metaanaliz için rastgele etki modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırma PROSPERO The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews veri tabanına ID= CRD42018117306 protocol numarası ile kayıtlıdır. Sonuç: Tüm dünyada olduğu gibi hastane enfeksiyonları ülkemiz için de önemli bir sorun arz etmektedir. Sağlık çalışanları, MRSA’nın hastalara ve diğer sağlık çalışanlarına yayılması için rezervuar görevi görebilir. Hastane personeli kaynaklı olan enfeksiyonların önlenmesinde en önemli adım, hastane enfeksiyonu ve hijyen konusunda verilecek eğitimlerdir. Hastane enfeksiyonlarının ve dirençli mikroorganizmaların kontrolü ve önlenmesi için Türkiye’de maliyeti de göz önüne alarak etkin sağlık politikaları geliştirilmelidir

References

  • Dulon M, Peters C, Schablon A, Nienhaus A. MRSA carriage among healthcare workers in non- outbreak settings in Europe and the United States: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis, 2014;14:363.
  • Wertheim HF, Melles DC, Vos MC, van Leeuwen W, van Belkum A, Verbrugh HA, et al. The role of nasal carriage in Staphylococcus aureus infections. Lancet Infect Dis, 2005;5(12):751-62.
  • Noskin GA, Rubin RJ, Schentag JJ, Kluytmans J, Hedblom EC, Smulders M, et al. The burden of Staphylococcus aureus ınfections on hospitals in the United States: an analysis of the 2000 and 2001 nationwide inpatient sample database. Arch Intern Med, 2005;165(15):1756-61.
  • Kluytmans J, van Belkum A, Verbrugh H. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, and associated risks. Clin Microbiol Rev, 1997;10(3):505-20.
  • Cespedes C, Miller M, Quagliarello B, Vavagiakis P, Klein RS, Lowy FD. Differences between Staphylococcus aureus isolates from medical and nonmedical hospital personnel. J Clin Microbiol, ;40(7):2594-7.
  • Cesur S, Irmak H, Şimşek H, Cöplü N, Kılıç H, Arslan U, et al. Türkiye’de yedi ildeki hastanelerin yoğun bakım ünitelerinden izole edilen MRSA suşlarında VISA-VRSA araştırılması ve antibiyotik duyarlılık durumlarının saptanması. Mikrobiyol Bul, 2012; (3):352-8.
  • Turgut H, Saçar S, Sungurtekin H, Toprak S, Asan A, Tefçi F, et al. [Epidemiology of nosocomial methicillin-resistant infections.] Nobel Med, 2005;1(3):7-10.
  • Johnston CP, Stokes AK, Ross T, Cai M, Carroll KC, Cosgrove SE, et al. Staphylococcus aureus colonization among healthcare workers at a tertiary care hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, ;28(12):1404-7. aureus
  • Schwarzkopf R, Takemoto RC, Immerman I, Slover JD, Bosco JA. Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus colonization in orthopaedic surgeons and their patients: a prospective cohort controlled study. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2010;92(9):1815-9.
  • Orsi GB, Marrone R, Ferraro F, Tavella F, Colosi A. Low colonization with MRSA among health-care workers in an Italian hospital. Ann Ig, 2008;20(5):503-8.
  • Higgins JP, Thompson S G, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ, ;327(7414):557-60.
  • Arabacı EF, Oldacay M. [Nasal staphylococcı ın hospıtal staff: methıcıllın resıstance and slıme productıon]. Turkish Journal of Infection, ;22:165-8.
  • Oğuzkaya Artan M, Gülgün M, Baykan Z, Tok D. [Investigation of nasal carriage rates and antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococcus aureus in hospital staf]. Turkish Journal of Infection, ;22:87-90.
  • Bozkurt H, Bayram Y, Güdücüoğlu H, Berktaş M. [Y.Y.Ü. Tıp Fakültesi Araştırma Hastanesi personelinde nazal Staphylococcus aureus taşıyıcılığı ile metisiline direnç oranlarının araştırılması]. Van Tıp Dergisi, 2007;14:52-6.
  • Çelik İ, Cihangiroğlu M, Sevim E, Çabalak M, Akbulut A. [Methicillin resistance and slime positivity of coagulase negative and positive staphylococci isolated from nares of healthcare workers]. Fırat Tıp Derg, 2005;10:123-6.
  • Çetinkol Y, Çakır FÖ, Korkmaz M, Korkmaz H. [Nasal carriage of StaŞlococci in hospital staff Ordu University Medical School Hospital and Mupirosin Resistance]. J Turgut Ozal Med Cent, 2013;20:313
  • Demirdal T, Demirtürk N, Altındiş M. [Nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in hospital staff]. Klimik Derg.2006;19:25-7.
  • Durmaz B, Tekerekoğlu M, Otlu B, Taştekin N. Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi personelinde burunda S. aureus ve metisiline dirençli SStaphylococcus aureus taşıyıcılık oranı]. J Turgut Ozal Med Cent, ;6:150-3.
  • Dundar V, Akata F, Uzun C, Otkun M, Karapınar F, Tuğrul M. [Trakya Üniversitesi Uygulama ve Arastırma Hastanesinde burun taşıyıcılarından izole edilen Staphylococcus aureus suslarında oksasilin direnci]. Klimik Derg, 1994;7:159-62.
  • Erdenizmenli M, Yapar N, Serin SS, Özdemir S, Yüce A. Investigation of colonization with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in an outpatient population in Turkey. Jpn J Infec Dis, 2004;57(4):172-5.
  • Gül M, Çıragil P, Aral M. [Staphylococcus aureus nasal and hand carriage in hospital staff of Medical Faculty of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University]. ANKEM Derg, 2004;18:36-9.
  • Gündüz T, Akgül S. [Nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in hospital staff]. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg, 2004;34:220-3.
  • Hızel S, Şanlı C, Kaygusuz S, Tunç A. [Kırıkkale Üniversitesi ziyaretçilerinde nazal Staphylococcus aureus taşıyıcılığı]. Van Tıp Derg, 2005;12:140-4. personeli ile hasta
  • Kökoğlu ÖF, Geyuk MF, Ayaz C, Ucmak H, Hosoglu S. [Investigation of nasal carriage rates and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in health-care workers and hemodialysis patients in Dicle University hospital]. Turkish Journal of Infection, 2003;17:443-6.
  • Kurtoğlu MG, Güzelant A, Kaya M, Keșli R, Baysal B. [Staphylococcus aureus: nasal colonization, antimicrobial susceptibility and the effect of mupirosin in medical care workers]. Turkish Journal of Infection, 2009;23:27-131.
  • Kurutepe S, Gaz H, Sürücüoğlu S, Aktaş E, Özbakkaloğlu B. [Nasal carriage rates of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus in clinical and pre- clinical hospital Staff]. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg, ;35:178-82.
  • Mert A, Köksal F, Ayar E, Köksal S, Tabak F, Eroğlu C, et al. [Cerrahpaşa kliniklerinde Staphylococcus aureus burun taşıyıcılık oranı ve antibiyotik duyarlılığı]. ANKEM Derg. 1996;10:380-4.
  • Mutlu B, Gündeş S, Kolaylı F, Karadenizli A, Tansel Ö, Coşkunkan F, et al. [Susceptibility to methicillin of staphylococci isolated from nasal cultures of hospital staff]. Klimik Derg, 2001;14:159-66
  • Naz H, Çevik FÇ, Aykın N. [Nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage among hospital staff in Eskişehir Yunus Emre State Hospital]. ANKEM Derg, ;20:141-4.
  • Öncül O, Erdemoğlu A, Özsoy MF, Altunay H, Ertem Z, Çavuşlu Ş. [Nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in healthcare staff]. Klimik Derg, 2002;15:74-7.
  • Özdemir KF, Şahin M. [Investigation of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage and methicillin resistance of hospital personnel in Kars]. FÜ Sağ Bil Tıp Derg, 2009;23:71-5.
  • Uluğ M. [İnvestigation of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in intensive care unit and operating room staff]. Medical Bulletin of Haseki, 2012;50:48
  • Usluer G, Durmaz G, Özgüneş İ, Akgün Y, Çolak H, Aydınlı A, et al. [Nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in hospital staff and susceptibility pattern to some antimicrobials]. Hastane İnfeksiyonları Dergisi, 1997;1(3):153-7.
  • Yağmur G, İnci M. [Investigation of nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in healthcare staff]. Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty, 2015;12:31-7.
  • Yazgı H, Ertek M, Ozbek A, Kadanalı A. [Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in hospital personel and normal population and antibiotic resıstance of isolates]. Mikrobiyol Bul, 2003;37(2- ):137-42.
  • Yetkin G, Kuzucu Ç, Bayraktar M, Iraz M. Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA carriage in intensive care patients and hospital staff in İnonu university faculty of medicine]. İnönü Üniv Tıp Fak Derg. 2006;13:91-3.
  • Kocazeybek B, Ayyıldız A, Gülsoy Ö, Bayındır O. [The nasal carriage in hospital staff and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolated]. T Mikrobiyol Cem Derg, 2003;33:52-56.
  • Boisseau D, Alfandari S, Gauzit R, Rabaud C, Stahl JP. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage during the infectious diseases national congress in France. Med Mal Infect, 2012;42(9):435-9.
  • Emaneini M., Jabalameli F, Rahdar H, Leeuwen, WBV, Beigverdi R. Nasal carriage rate of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Iranian healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 2017;50(5):590-7.
  • Paudyal P, Simkhada P, Bruce J. Infection control knowledge, attitude, and practice among Nepalese health care workers. Am J Infect Control, ;36(8):595-7. Hefzy EM, Hassan GM, Abd El Reheem F. Detection of Panton- Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among Egyptian health care workers. Surg Infect (Larchmt), 2016;17(3):369-75.
  • Shibabaw A, Abebe T, Mihret A. Nasal carriage rate of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among dessie referral hospital health care workers; dessie, Northeast Ethiopia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control, 2013;2(25):1-5.
  • Çetinkaya Y. [MRSA as a causative agent of nosocomial infection: prevention and control]. İç Hastalıkları Dergisi, 2007;14:161-7.
  • Türe Z, Alp E. Infection control bundles for the prevention of hospital infections. Mediterr J Infect Microb Antimicrob, 2016;5:8
  • Öztürk R, Çetinkaya ŞY, Kurtoğlu, D. Health Transformation Program, Hospital Infections Prevention, December 2010. Ministry of Health press, , Ankara. September

The investigation of nasal carriage rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Turkish healthcare workers, 1990-2019: meta-analysis

Year 2020, Volume: 77 Issue: 2, 217 - 226, 01.06.2020

Abstract

Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA is among the most prevalent pathogens causing healthcare-associated infections. Healthcare workers may act as reservoirs for the spread of MRSA to patients and other healthcare workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of nasal carriage rate of S. aureus in hospital staff in Turkey. Methods: Meta-analysis by PRISMA guidelines was performed. We performed a systematic search of published studies in national and international databases from 1990 to 2019. Of the remaining 440 Articles, only 26 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The Cochrane Q statistic was calculated to assess the heterogeneity of results in studies. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using the I2 statistics. The effect size was estimated by reported with its 95% confidence interval. Results: Based on the 26 selected articles, the pooled prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA was 24.0% [95% confidence interval CI : 0,19-0,29] and 16.0% 95% CI: 0,12-0.21 , respectively. Heterogeneity between studies I² = 95,62, p=0.000 for S. aureus and I² = 81,10 p =0.000 for MRSA was found, so a random effects model was used for the meta-analysis. This study is registered in the PROSPERO database ID= CRD42018117306 . Conclusion: Hospital infections are a significant problem for our country as it is all over the World. Healthcare workers may act as reservoirs for the spread of MRSA to patients and other healthcare workers. The most critical step in preventing hospital infection from hospital staff is training in hospital infection and hygiene. Cost-effective health policies should be developed in Turkey for the control and Prevention of hospital infections and resistant microorganisms.

References

  • Dulon M, Peters C, Schablon A, Nienhaus A. MRSA carriage among healthcare workers in non- outbreak settings in Europe and the United States: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis, 2014;14:363.
  • Wertheim HF, Melles DC, Vos MC, van Leeuwen W, van Belkum A, Verbrugh HA, et al. The role of nasal carriage in Staphylococcus aureus infections. Lancet Infect Dis, 2005;5(12):751-62.
  • Noskin GA, Rubin RJ, Schentag JJ, Kluytmans J, Hedblom EC, Smulders M, et al. The burden of Staphylococcus aureus ınfections on hospitals in the United States: an analysis of the 2000 and 2001 nationwide inpatient sample database. Arch Intern Med, 2005;165(15):1756-61.
  • Kluytmans J, van Belkum A, Verbrugh H. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, and associated risks. Clin Microbiol Rev, 1997;10(3):505-20.
  • Cespedes C, Miller M, Quagliarello B, Vavagiakis P, Klein RS, Lowy FD. Differences between Staphylococcus aureus isolates from medical and nonmedical hospital personnel. J Clin Microbiol, ;40(7):2594-7.
  • Cesur S, Irmak H, Şimşek H, Cöplü N, Kılıç H, Arslan U, et al. Türkiye’de yedi ildeki hastanelerin yoğun bakım ünitelerinden izole edilen MRSA suşlarında VISA-VRSA araştırılması ve antibiyotik duyarlılık durumlarının saptanması. Mikrobiyol Bul, 2012; (3):352-8.
  • Turgut H, Saçar S, Sungurtekin H, Toprak S, Asan A, Tefçi F, et al. [Epidemiology of nosocomial methicillin-resistant infections.] Nobel Med, 2005;1(3):7-10.
  • Johnston CP, Stokes AK, Ross T, Cai M, Carroll KC, Cosgrove SE, et al. Staphylococcus aureus colonization among healthcare workers at a tertiary care hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, ;28(12):1404-7. aureus
  • Schwarzkopf R, Takemoto RC, Immerman I, Slover JD, Bosco JA. Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus colonization in orthopaedic surgeons and their patients: a prospective cohort controlled study. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2010;92(9):1815-9.
  • Orsi GB, Marrone R, Ferraro F, Tavella F, Colosi A. Low colonization with MRSA among health-care workers in an Italian hospital. Ann Ig, 2008;20(5):503-8.
  • Higgins JP, Thompson S G, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ, ;327(7414):557-60.
  • Arabacı EF, Oldacay M. [Nasal staphylococcı ın hospıtal staff: methıcıllın resıstance and slıme productıon]. Turkish Journal of Infection, ;22:165-8.
  • Oğuzkaya Artan M, Gülgün M, Baykan Z, Tok D. [Investigation of nasal carriage rates and antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococcus aureus in hospital staf]. Turkish Journal of Infection, ;22:87-90.
  • Bozkurt H, Bayram Y, Güdücüoğlu H, Berktaş M. [Y.Y.Ü. Tıp Fakültesi Araştırma Hastanesi personelinde nazal Staphylococcus aureus taşıyıcılığı ile metisiline direnç oranlarının araştırılması]. Van Tıp Dergisi, 2007;14:52-6.
  • Çelik İ, Cihangiroğlu M, Sevim E, Çabalak M, Akbulut A. [Methicillin resistance and slime positivity of coagulase negative and positive staphylococci isolated from nares of healthcare workers]. Fırat Tıp Derg, 2005;10:123-6.
  • Çetinkol Y, Çakır FÖ, Korkmaz M, Korkmaz H. [Nasal carriage of StaŞlococci in hospital staff Ordu University Medical School Hospital and Mupirosin Resistance]. J Turgut Ozal Med Cent, 2013;20:313
  • Demirdal T, Demirtürk N, Altındiş M. [Nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in hospital staff]. Klimik Derg.2006;19:25-7.
  • Durmaz B, Tekerekoğlu M, Otlu B, Taştekin N. Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi personelinde burunda S. aureus ve metisiline dirençli SStaphylococcus aureus taşıyıcılık oranı]. J Turgut Ozal Med Cent, ;6:150-3.
  • Dundar V, Akata F, Uzun C, Otkun M, Karapınar F, Tuğrul M. [Trakya Üniversitesi Uygulama ve Arastırma Hastanesinde burun taşıyıcılarından izole edilen Staphylococcus aureus suslarında oksasilin direnci]. Klimik Derg, 1994;7:159-62.
  • Erdenizmenli M, Yapar N, Serin SS, Özdemir S, Yüce A. Investigation of colonization with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in an outpatient population in Turkey. Jpn J Infec Dis, 2004;57(4):172-5.
  • Gül M, Çıragil P, Aral M. [Staphylococcus aureus nasal and hand carriage in hospital staff of Medical Faculty of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University]. ANKEM Derg, 2004;18:36-9.
  • Gündüz T, Akgül S. [Nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in hospital staff]. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg, 2004;34:220-3.
  • Hızel S, Şanlı C, Kaygusuz S, Tunç A. [Kırıkkale Üniversitesi ziyaretçilerinde nazal Staphylococcus aureus taşıyıcılığı]. Van Tıp Derg, 2005;12:140-4. personeli ile hasta
  • Kökoğlu ÖF, Geyuk MF, Ayaz C, Ucmak H, Hosoglu S. [Investigation of nasal carriage rates and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in health-care workers and hemodialysis patients in Dicle University hospital]. Turkish Journal of Infection, 2003;17:443-6.
  • Kurtoğlu MG, Güzelant A, Kaya M, Keșli R, Baysal B. [Staphylococcus aureus: nasal colonization, antimicrobial susceptibility and the effect of mupirosin in medical care workers]. Turkish Journal of Infection, 2009;23:27-131.
  • Kurutepe S, Gaz H, Sürücüoğlu S, Aktaş E, Özbakkaloğlu B. [Nasal carriage rates of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus in clinical and pre- clinical hospital Staff]. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg, ;35:178-82.
  • Mert A, Köksal F, Ayar E, Köksal S, Tabak F, Eroğlu C, et al. [Cerrahpaşa kliniklerinde Staphylococcus aureus burun taşıyıcılık oranı ve antibiyotik duyarlılığı]. ANKEM Derg. 1996;10:380-4.
  • Mutlu B, Gündeş S, Kolaylı F, Karadenizli A, Tansel Ö, Coşkunkan F, et al. [Susceptibility to methicillin of staphylococci isolated from nasal cultures of hospital staff]. Klimik Derg, 2001;14:159-66
  • Naz H, Çevik FÇ, Aykın N. [Nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage among hospital staff in Eskişehir Yunus Emre State Hospital]. ANKEM Derg, ;20:141-4.
  • Öncül O, Erdemoğlu A, Özsoy MF, Altunay H, Ertem Z, Çavuşlu Ş. [Nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in healthcare staff]. Klimik Derg, 2002;15:74-7.
  • Özdemir KF, Şahin M. [Investigation of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage and methicillin resistance of hospital personnel in Kars]. FÜ Sağ Bil Tıp Derg, 2009;23:71-5.
  • Uluğ M. [İnvestigation of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in intensive care unit and operating room staff]. Medical Bulletin of Haseki, 2012;50:48
  • Usluer G, Durmaz G, Özgüneş İ, Akgün Y, Çolak H, Aydınlı A, et al. [Nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in hospital staff and susceptibility pattern to some antimicrobials]. Hastane İnfeksiyonları Dergisi, 1997;1(3):153-7.
  • Yağmur G, İnci M. [Investigation of nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in healthcare staff]. Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty, 2015;12:31-7.
  • Yazgı H, Ertek M, Ozbek A, Kadanalı A. [Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in hospital personel and normal population and antibiotic resıstance of isolates]. Mikrobiyol Bul, 2003;37(2- ):137-42.
  • Yetkin G, Kuzucu Ç, Bayraktar M, Iraz M. Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA carriage in intensive care patients and hospital staff in İnonu university faculty of medicine]. İnönü Üniv Tıp Fak Derg. 2006;13:91-3.
  • Kocazeybek B, Ayyıldız A, Gülsoy Ö, Bayındır O. [The nasal carriage in hospital staff and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolated]. T Mikrobiyol Cem Derg, 2003;33:52-56.
  • Boisseau D, Alfandari S, Gauzit R, Rabaud C, Stahl JP. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage during the infectious diseases national congress in France. Med Mal Infect, 2012;42(9):435-9.
  • Emaneini M., Jabalameli F, Rahdar H, Leeuwen, WBV, Beigverdi R. Nasal carriage rate of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Iranian healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 2017;50(5):590-7.
  • Paudyal P, Simkhada P, Bruce J. Infection control knowledge, attitude, and practice among Nepalese health care workers. Am J Infect Control, ;36(8):595-7. Hefzy EM, Hassan GM, Abd El Reheem F. Detection of Panton- Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among Egyptian health care workers. Surg Infect (Larchmt), 2016;17(3):369-75.
  • Shibabaw A, Abebe T, Mihret A. Nasal carriage rate of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among dessie referral hospital health care workers; dessie, Northeast Ethiopia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control, 2013;2(25):1-5.
  • Çetinkaya Y. [MRSA as a causative agent of nosocomial infection: prevention and control]. İç Hastalıkları Dergisi, 2007;14:161-7.
  • Türe Z, Alp E. Infection control bundles for the prevention of hospital infections. Mediterr J Infect Microb Antimicrob, 2016;5:8
  • Öztürk R, Çetinkaya ŞY, Kurtoğlu, D. Health Transformation Program, Hospital Infections Prevention, December 2010. Ministry of Health press, , Ankara. September
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Orhan Akpınar This is me

Arzu Yi&775;ği&775;t This is me

Mustafa Güzel This is me

Dogan Akdogan This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 77 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akpınar, O., Yi&775;ği&775;t, A., Güzel, M., Akdogan, D. (2020). The investigation of nasal carriage rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Turkish healthcare workers, 1990-2019: meta-analysis. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 77(2), 217-226.
AMA Akpınar O, Yi&775;ği&775;t A, Güzel M, Akdogan D. The investigation of nasal carriage rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Turkish healthcare workers, 1990-2019: meta-analysis. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. June 2020;77(2):217-226.
Chicago Akpınar, Orhan, Arzu Yi&775;ği&775;t, Mustafa Güzel, and Dogan Akdogan. “The Investigation of Nasal Carriage Rate of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Among Turkish Healthcare Workers, 1990-2019: Meta-Analysis”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 77, no. 2 (June 2020): 217-26.
EndNote Akpınar O, Yi&775;ği&775;t A, Güzel M, Akdogan D (June 1, 2020) The investigation of nasal carriage rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Turkish healthcare workers, 1990-2019: meta-analysis. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 77 2 217–226.
IEEE O. Akpınar, A. Yi&775;ği&775;t, M. Güzel, and D. Akdogan, “The investigation of nasal carriage rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Turkish healthcare workers, 1990-2019: meta-analysis”, Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 217–226, 2020.
ISNAD Akpınar, Orhan et al. “The Investigation of Nasal Carriage Rate of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Among Turkish Healthcare Workers, 1990-2019: Meta-Analysis”. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 77/2 (June 2020), 217-226.
JAMA Akpınar O, Yi&775;ği&775;t A, Güzel M, Akdogan D. The investigation of nasal carriage rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Turkish healthcare workers, 1990-2019: meta-analysis. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2020;77:217–226.
MLA Akpınar, Orhan et al. “The Investigation of Nasal Carriage Rate of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Among Turkish Healthcare Workers, 1990-2019: Meta-Analysis”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, vol. 77, no. 2, 2020, pp. 217-26.
Vancouver Akpınar O, Yi&775;ği&775;t A, Güzel M, Akdogan D. The investigation of nasal carriage rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Turkish healthcare workers, 1990-2019: meta-analysis. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2020;77(2):217-26.