The widespread deployment of solar energy, while promising sustainable and renewable power generation, is affected by various factors, with soiling being a significant concern. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the complex mechanisms underlying the soiling of solar photovoltaic (PV) surfaces, which has become a pressing concern in the face of the rapid expansion of solar energy deployment worldwide. The deposition, accumulation, and detachment processes, including rebounding, resuspension, and cementation, are examined in detail, highlighting their interplay with various environmental factors and installation parameters. Emphasis is placed on the critical role of airflow dynamics, such as wind speed and direction, in influencing soiling rates and adhesion forces. Moreover, the impact of geographical location and climatic conditions on soiling mechanisms is thoroughly analyzed, considering factors like dust particle characteristics, surface roughness, and moisture content. Although research has advanced understanding, comprehensive studies integrating all soiling variables are still needed, highlighting the need for further investigation.