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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>geol. bull. turkey</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1016-9164</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2564-6745</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25288/tjb.1088732</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>General Geology</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Genel Jeoloji</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Some Mineralogical and Gemological Properties of Silicified Wood Species in Western Anatolia</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Batı Anadolu’da Silisleşmiş Ağaç Türlerinin Bazı Mineralojik ve Gemolojik Özellikleri</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2235-7337</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Üner</surname>
                                    <given-names>Burcu</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ - CERRAHPAŞA</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6928-0923</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yılmaz Şahin</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sabah</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ-CERRAHPAŞA</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2099-5589</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Akkemik</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ünal</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ-CERRAHPAŞA</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20220831">
                    <day>08</day>
                    <month>31</month>
                    <year>2022</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>65</volume>
                                        <issue>3</issue>
                                        <fpage>217</fpage>
                                        <lpage>232</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20220316">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>16</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20220620">
                        <day>06</day>
                        <month>20</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1947, Geological Bulletin of Turkey</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1947</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Geological Bulletin of Turkey</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The silicified wood samples that we identified in Western Anatolia are located in: the Late Miocene-Pliocene Çokköy Formation in Tavşanlı (Kütahya) and its surroundings, in Osmancalı (Manisa) and its vicinity in the Early (?)-Middle Miocene Foça Tuff, and in Banaz (Uşak) around the Middle-Late Miocene Yeniköy Formation in the terrestrial sediments. The formation of wood petrified by silicification is associated with clastic sediments formed simultaneously with the Neogene period volcanic activity in the region. In the mineralogical-petrographic examination of three oriented thin sections, including transverse, radial and tangential, chalcedony polymorphs of silica and lesseramounts of quartz and opal were detected in the silicified wood samples. Mineralogical interpretation was also supported by X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) analysis. As a result of paleobotanical identification made with thin sections in the a botanical microscope; Taxodioxylon Hartig 1848 (Swamp cypress), Pinuxylon Gothan 1906 (Pine), Pterocaroxylon Müll.-Stoll et Mädel 1960 (Walnut), Quercoxylon (Kräusel 1939) Gros 1988 (evergreen oak), and Glyptostroboxylon Conwentz 1884 (Swamp cypress) fossil wood species were determined. According to these findings, a warmer and more humid climate prevailed than today, and there were cypress forests on the edges of swamps and streams, with pine and evergreen oak forests on the slopes. Within the scope of gemological examination of the silicified wood samples, those which are rich in color/pattern were selected, polished by giving them cabochon forms, then mounted in silver. A small amount of facet cutting was carried out from unpatterned and monochromatic samples. The silicified wood samples, which have high value in terms of hardness, exhibit an unstable character due to the weak zones they contain, and they do not show the desired performance in terms of pattern/color.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Batı Anadolu’da tanımlanan silisleşmiş ağaç örnekleri, Tavşanlı (Kütahya) ve çevresinde Geç Miyosen-Pliyosen yaşlı Çokköy formasyonu içerisinde, Osmancalı (Manisa) ve civarında Erken(?)-Orta Miyosen Yaşlı Foça Tüfünde ve Banaz (Uşak) çevresindeki ağaçlar ise Orta-Geç Miyosen yaşlı Yeniköy formasyonu karasal sedimanları içerisinde yer almaktadır. Silisleşme mekanizması ile taşlaşan ağaçların oluşumu, bölgede Neojen dönemi volkanik faaliyetleri ile eş zamanlı oluşan kırıntılı çökellerin sedimantasyonu ile ilişkilidir. Silisleşmiş ağaç örneklerinde enine, radyal ve teğet olmak üzere üç yönlü ince kesitler üzerinde gerçekleştirilen mineralojik-petrografik incelemelerde silisin polimorflarından yaygın olarak kalsedon ve daha az miktarda kuvars ile opal tespit edilmiştir. Mineralojik yorumlamalar ayrıca X-Işınları Difraktometresi (XRD) analizi ile desteklenmiştir. Botanik mikroskobunda ince kesitler ile gerçekleştirilen paleobotanik tanımlar sonucunda ise; Taxodioxylon Hartig 1848 (Bataklık servisi), Pinuxylon Gothan 1906 (Çam), Pterocaryoxylon Müll.-Stoll et Mädel 1960 (Ceviz [Yalankoz]), Quercoxylon (Kräusel 1939) Gros 1988 (Herdem yeşil meşe), Glyptostroboxylon Conwentz 1884 (Bataklık servisi) fosil ağaç cinsleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgulara göre günümüzden daha sıcak ve nemli bir iklimin hâkim olduğu, bataklık ve akarsu kenarlarında servi ormanları ile yamaçlarda çam ve herdem yeşil meşe ormanlarının varlığı saptanmıştır. Silisleşmiş ağaç örneklerinin gemolojik incelemeleri kapsamında renk/desen açısından zengin örnekler seçilmiş, kabaşon kesilerek şekil verilmiştir. Farklı desen ve şekillerdeki örnekler cilalanarak, takı olarak tasarlanarak gümüş ile montürlenmiştir. Daha tekdüze, desensiz ve tek renk örneklerinden ise az miktarda faset kesim çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Sertlik açısından yüksek değerlere sahip olan silisleşmiş ağaç örnekleri içerdikleri zayıf zonlar nedeniyle dayanımsız bir karakter sergilemekte ve desen/renk açısından istenilen performansı göstermemektedir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Batı Anadolu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  gemolojik özellikler</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  mineralojik bileşim</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  paleobotanik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  silisleşmiş ağaç</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Western Anatolia</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  gemological properties</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  mineralogical composition</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  paleobotany</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  silicified wood</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                    <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) Birimi</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>33806</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
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