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Küçük Buz Çağı’nda Güneş Etkisine Bağlı İklim Değişimleri: Köyceğiz Gölü Çökel Kayıtları (GB Anadolu)

Year 2017, Volume: 60 Issue: 4 - Quaternary Research in Turkey, 569 - 588, 29.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.370616

Abstract

Köyceğiz Gölü Batı
Anadolu’da bulunan doğal bir kanal olan Dalyan ile Akdeniz’e bağlanan iki
havzadan oluşan bir kıyı doğal baraj gölüdür. 
Çalışma kapsamında gölün kuzeyinden, Köyceğiz havzasından iki adet,
güneyde Sultaniye havzasından bir adet ve iki havzayı ayıran Gedova Sırtından
bir adet olmak üzere toplam dört adet kısa 
(maksimum 800 mm) gravite karot alınmıştır. Alınan bu karotların
litolojik tanımlamaları yapıldıktan sonra 3mm aralıklarla µXRF element taraması
(ITRAX), 5 mm aralıklar ile Çok Sensörlü Karot Tarayıcısı (MSCL) ile Manyetik
Duyarlılık (MS) ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Üç karotta  20 mm aralıklar ile Cyprideis torosa (ostracoda) kavkısından δ18O ve δ13C
analizleri ile belirlenen seviyelerden toplanan kavkılardan C-14 yaşlandırması
yapılmıştır. Elde edilen yaşlar ve önceki çalışmalardan bilinen sedimantasyon
hızına ve Akdeniz lagünlerinin bilinen sert su/lokal rezervuar etkisine göre hesaplanarak
Köyceğiz havzasında 2100±90 yıl olduğu varsayılmış ve karotların yaş modelleri
oluşturulmuştur. Modellere göre, karotlar yaklaşık son 500 yıllık sedimanter
istifi temsil etmektedir. Çoklu belirteç verilerinin sonuçlarına göre, Küçük
Buz Çağı’nın gözlendiği karotlarda Güneşteki patlamaların azalmasına bağlı olan
Spörer, Maunder ve Dalton Minimum dönemlerinin Köyceğiz Gölü çökel kayıtlarında
soğuk/kuru dönemlere denk geldiği gözlenmiştir. Buna göre, bölge ikliminin
güneşteki lekelerin artıp azalmasına bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösterdiği
söylenebilir.

References

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  • Akçer Ön, S., Çağatay, N., & Sakinç, M., 2011. Küçükçekmece Lagünü'nde (İstanbul)" Küçük Buzul Çağı" ve" Orta Çağ Ilık Dönemi" çökel kayıtları. ITU Journal Series D: Engineering, 10(4).
  • Avşar Ö., Avşar U., Arslan Ş., Kurtuluş B., Niedermann S., Güleç N., 2017. Subaqueous hot springs in Köyceğiz Lake, Dalyan Channel and Fethiye-Göcek Bay (SW Turkey): Locations, chemistry and origins. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 345, 81–97.
  • Avşar, U., Jónsson, S., Avşar, Ö., & Schmidt, S., 2016. Earthquake-induced soft-sediment deformations and seismically amplified erosion rates recorded in varved sediments of Köyceğiz Lake (SW Turkey). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 121(6), 4767-4779.
  • Bard, E., Raisbeck, G., Yiou, F., Jouzel, J., 2007. Comment on "Solar activity during the last 1000 yr inferred from radionuclide records" by Muscheler et al. (2007). Quat. Sci. Rev. 26, 2301-2308.
  • Bayarı, C.S., Kazancı, N., Koyuncu, H., Çağlar, S.S; And Gökçe, D., 1995. Determination Of The Origin Of The Waters Of Köyceğiz Lake, Turkey; Journal Of Hydrology ,166,171-191 P.
  • Bayarı, C.S., Kurttaş, T., 2000. Türkiye Gölleri Hidrojeolojik, Hidrojeokimyasal, Jeokimyasal ve Çevresel İzotopik İncelenmesi Pilot Projesi Köyceğiz Gölü, TÜBİTAK Projesi No: YDABÇAG-201.
  • Blaauw, M., Christen, J.A., 2011. Flexible paleoclimate age-depth models using an autoregressive gamma process. Bayesian Anal. 6, 457-474.
  • Bond, G., Kromer, B., Beer, J., et al., 2001. Persistent solar influence on North Atlantic climate during the holocene. Science 294, 2130e2136.
  • Chambers, F.M., Michael, I.O., Jeffrey, J.B., 1999. Palaeoenvironmental evidence for solar forcing of holocene climate: linkages to solar science. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 23 (2), 181e204.
  • Çağatay, M.N., Güngör, N., Yılmaz, Y.Z., Sarı E., 2005. Rapid changes in the ecological conditions of the Black Sea over the last 3kyr: Evidence from sediment geochemistry. In: Özerler, M. and Sayın, E. (eds.), The Role of Marine Studies in Ecosystems, ECOSYSTEM 2003, Izmir, Turkey, pp.85-96.
  • Danladi, I. B., & Akçer-Ön, S. 2017. Solar forcing and climate variability during the past millennium as recorded in a high altitude lake: Lake Salda (SW Anatolia). Quaternary International.
  • Graciansky, P.C., 1968. Teke Yarımadası (Likya) Toroslarının Üst Üste Gelmiş Ünitelerinin Stratigrafisive Dinaro-Toroslardaki Yeri, M.T.A. Dergisi, 71, s.73-92.
  • Göktürk, OM, Fleitmann, D., Badertscher, S., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Leuenberger, M., Fankhauser A., Tüysüz, O., Kramers, J., 2011. Climate on the Southern Black Sea Coast during the Holocene:Implıcatıons from the Sofular Cave record. Quaternary Science Reviews, Manuscript Number: JQSR-D-11-00029R1
  • Gülenbay, A., 1982. Aşağı Dalaman Havzası Karst Hidrojeoloji İncelemesi, D.S.İ. Genel Müdürlüğü, Yeraltısuları Dairesi Başkanlığı, Yücetepe-Ankara.
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  • Güngör ve Çağatay, 2007. Karadeniz’de son 3000 yıldaki ani çevresel değişimler. İTÜ Dergisi, 5(4): 23-33.
  • Jones, M.D., Roberts, C.N., Leng, M.J. ve Turkeş, M., 2006. A high-resolution late Holocene lake isotope record from Turkey and links to North Atlantic and monsoon climate. Geology 34(5): 361–364.
  • Lean, J. L. (2010). Cycles and trends in solar irradiance and climate. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews: climate change, 1(1), 111-122.
  • Luterbacher, J., Rickli, R., Xoplaki, E., Tinguely, C., Beck, C., Pfister, C., & Wanner, H. 2001. The late Maunder minimum (1675–1715)–a key period for studying decadal scale climatic change in Europe. Climatic Change, 49(4), 441-462.
  • Mackereth, F.J.H., 1966. Some chemical observations on post-glacial lake sediments. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci. 250, 165-213.
  • Magny, M., 2004. Holocene climate variability as reflected by mid-European lake level fluctuations and its probable impact on prehistoric human settlements. Quat. Int. 113, 65e79.
  • Mann, M.E., 2002. Little Ice Age, Medieval Climatic Optimum, Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, Volume 1, The Earth System: Physical and Chemical Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Ed: Munn T., Wiley J., Ghil M., Vol:1, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, p:544-549.
  • Masson-Delmotte, V., M. Schulz, A. Abe-Ouchi, J. Beer, A. Ganopolski, J.F. González Rouco, E. Jansen, K. Lambeck, J. Luterbacher, T. Naish, T. Osborn, B. Otto-Bliesner, T. Quinn, R. Ramesh, M. Rojas, X. Shao and A. Timmermann, 2013: Information from Paleoclimate Archives. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
  • Muller ve Mac Donald, 2000. Ice Ages and Astronomical Causes: Data, spectral analysis and mechanisms, Praxis Publishing, UK.
  • Naeher, S., Gilli, A., North, R.P., Hamann, Y., Schubert, C.J., 2013. Tracing bottom water oxygenation with sedimentary Mn/Fe ratios in Lake Zurich, Switzerland. Chem. Geol. 352, 125-133.
  • Ocakoğlu, F., Dönmez, E.O., Akbulut, A., Tunoğlu, C., Kır, O., Açıkalın, S., Erayık, C.,Yılmaz, Ö.E., Leroy, S.A., 2016. A 2800-year multi-proxy sedimentary record of climate change from Lake Çubuk (Göynük, Bolu, NWAnatolia). Holocene 26 (2), 205-221.
  • Reimer, R., & Reimer, P., 2017. An Online Application for ΔR Calculation. Radiocarbon, 59(5), 1623-1627.
  • Reimer, P., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J., Blackwell, P., Ramsey, C., Buck, C.E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P.M., Guilderson, T.P., Hafliadson, H., Hajdas, I, Hatté, C., Heaton, T.J., Hoffman, D.L., Hogg, A.G., Hughen, K.A., Kaiser, K.F., Kromer, B., Manning, S.W., Niu, M., Reimer, R., Richards, D.A., Scott, E.M., Southon, J.R., Staff, R.A., Turney, C.S.M., Van der Plicht, J., 2013. IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP. Radiocarbon, 55(4), 1869-1887.
  • Paillard, D., Labeyrie, L., Yiou, P., 1996. Macintosh Program performs time-series analysis. Eos Trans. AGU 77 (39), 379-379.
  • Rencher, A. C., 2002, Methods of Multivariate Analysis. 2nd. ed. New-Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Chapter 13 (pp. 408-450).
  • R Core Team, 2017. R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
  • Rodriguez-Germade, I., Rubio, B., Rey, D., 2014. XRF scanners as quick screening tool for detecting toxic pollutant elements in sediments from Marin harbour in the Ria de pontevedra (NW Spain). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 86, 458e467.
  • Sabatier, P., Dezileau, L., Blanchemanche, P., Siani, G., Condomines, M., Bentaleb, I., & Piquès, G., 2010. Holocene variations of radiocarbon reservoir ages in a Mediterranean lagoonal system. Radiocarbon, 52(1), 91-102.
  • Steinhilber, F., Abreu, J.A., Beer, J., Brunner, I., Christl, M., Fischer, H., Heikkila, U., Kubik, P.W., Mann, M., McCracken, K.G., Miller, H., Miyahara, H., Oerter, H., Wilhelms, F., 2012. 9,400 years of cosmic radiation and solar activity from ice cores and tree rings. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Published Ahead of Print April 2, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.1118965109.
  • Stuiver, M., Reimer, P.J., and Reimer, R.W., 2017, CALIB 7.1 [WWW program] at http://calib.org, accessed 2017-11-30
  • Touchan, R., Akkemik, Ü., Erkan, N., 2007. MayeJune precipitation reconstruction of southwestern Anatolia, Turkey during the last 900 years from tree rings. Quat. Res. 68, 196-202.
  • Trujillo-Ortiz, A., R. Hernandez-Walls, A. Castro-Perez and K. Barba-Rojo., 2006. MOUTLIER1: Detection of Outlier in Multivariate Samples Test. A MATLAB file. URL http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectId=12252
  • Tuchman, G., 1978, Making news. New York: Free Press.
  • Weaver P.P.E. and Schultheiss P.J., 1990. Current methods for obtaininig, logging and splitting marine sediment cores. Marine Geophysical Researches, 12:85-100.
  • Weber M.E., Niessen F., Kuhn G., Wiedicke M., 1997. Calibration and application of marine sedimentary physical properties using a multi-sensor core logger. Marine Geology, 136: 151-172.
  • Wersin, P., Höhener, P., Giovanoli, R., Stumm, W., 1991. Early diagenetic influences on iron transformations in a freshwater lake sediment. Chem. Geol. 90, 233-252.
  • Wessel, P., Smith, W. H., Scharroo, R., Luis, J., & Wobbe, F., 2013. Generic mapping tools: improved version released. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 94(45), 409-410.
  • Yeşertener, C., 1986. Aşağı Dalaman (Fethiye KB) Havazsının Karst Hidrojeolojisi İncelemesi, H.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Jeoloji (Hidrojeoloji Anabilim Dalı) Yüksek Mühendislik Tezi, 275s.

Climatic variability related to solar activity during the Little Ice Age: Lake Köyceğiz Sediment Records (SW Anatolia)

Year 2017, Volume: 60 Issue: 4 - Quaternary Research in Turkey, 569 - 588, 29.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.370616

Abstract

Lake Köyceğiz, at
Southwest Anatolia, is a natural dam lake that have two basins and is connected
to Mediterranean via a natural channel called Dalyan. In the scope of this
study, two of the four short (max 800 mm) gravity cores were recovered from
Köyceğiz Basin (north of the lake), one from Sultaniye Basin (south of the
lake)and one core from the ridge between these two basins. Recovered cores are
lithologically described and cores are analyzed for multi-element geochemical
analyses at 5 mm resolution using µXRF core scanner (ITRAX) and Multi Sensor
Core Logger (MSCL) for Magnetic Susceptibility. Cyprideis torosa (ostracoda)
shells were picked and analyzed for 18O and δ13C analysis
at 20 mm resolution. The cores were dated through AMS 14C analysis
of various shells. The results of AMS 14C analysis are corrected by
assuming the hard water/local reservoir ages effect as 2100±90 years; according
to the sedimentation rates from previous studies and known hard water/reservoir
effects in Mediterranean lagoons. According to the age models, the cores span approximately
last 500 years.  Multi-proxy results
suggest that Lake Köyceğiz cores cover Little Ice Age and show good correlation
with decreases in Solar Activity spells, namely, Spörer, Maunder and Dalton
Miniumum. These periods are characterized as cold/dry periods in Lake Köyceğiz
sediment records. So we can say that, climate of the region depends on the
varaibility of sunspots.

References

  • Akçer-Ön, S., Greaves, A.M., Manning, S., Ön, Z.B., Çağatay, N., Sakınç, M., Oflaz, A., Tunoğlu, C., yayınlanmamış. The evolution and environmental history of Bafa Gölü, SW Turkey: New dating models and interpretative methods for investigating historic lagoon formation.
  • Akçer Ön, S., Çağatay, N., & Sakinç, M., 2011. Küçükçekmece Lagünü'nde (İstanbul)" Küçük Buzul Çağı" ve" Orta Çağ Ilık Dönemi" çökel kayıtları. ITU Journal Series D: Engineering, 10(4).
  • Avşar Ö., Avşar U., Arslan Ş., Kurtuluş B., Niedermann S., Güleç N., 2017. Subaqueous hot springs in Köyceğiz Lake, Dalyan Channel and Fethiye-Göcek Bay (SW Turkey): Locations, chemistry and origins. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 345, 81–97.
  • Avşar, U., Jónsson, S., Avşar, Ö., & Schmidt, S., 2016. Earthquake-induced soft-sediment deformations and seismically amplified erosion rates recorded in varved sediments of Köyceğiz Lake (SW Turkey). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 121(6), 4767-4779.
  • Bard, E., Raisbeck, G., Yiou, F., Jouzel, J., 2007. Comment on "Solar activity during the last 1000 yr inferred from radionuclide records" by Muscheler et al. (2007). Quat. Sci. Rev. 26, 2301-2308.
  • Bayarı, C.S., Kazancı, N., Koyuncu, H., Çağlar, S.S; And Gökçe, D., 1995. Determination Of The Origin Of The Waters Of Köyceğiz Lake, Turkey; Journal Of Hydrology ,166,171-191 P.
  • Bayarı, C.S., Kurttaş, T., 2000. Türkiye Gölleri Hidrojeolojik, Hidrojeokimyasal, Jeokimyasal ve Çevresel İzotopik İncelenmesi Pilot Projesi Köyceğiz Gölü, TÜBİTAK Projesi No: YDABÇAG-201.
  • Blaauw, M., Christen, J.A., 2011. Flexible paleoclimate age-depth models using an autoregressive gamma process. Bayesian Anal. 6, 457-474.
  • Bond, G., Kromer, B., Beer, J., et al., 2001. Persistent solar influence on North Atlantic climate during the holocene. Science 294, 2130e2136.
  • Chambers, F.M., Michael, I.O., Jeffrey, J.B., 1999. Palaeoenvironmental evidence for solar forcing of holocene climate: linkages to solar science. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 23 (2), 181e204.
  • Çağatay, M.N., Güngör, N., Yılmaz, Y.Z., Sarı E., 2005. Rapid changes in the ecological conditions of the Black Sea over the last 3kyr: Evidence from sediment geochemistry. In: Özerler, M. and Sayın, E. (eds.), The Role of Marine Studies in Ecosystems, ECOSYSTEM 2003, Izmir, Turkey, pp.85-96.
  • Danladi, I. B., & Akçer-Ön, S. 2017. Solar forcing and climate variability during the past millennium as recorded in a high altitude lake: Lake Salda (SW Anatolia). Quaternary International.
  • Graciansky, P.C., 1968. Teke Yarımadası (Likya) Toroslarının Üst Üste Gelmiş Ünitelerinin Stratigrafisive Dinaro-Toroslardaki Yeri, M.T.A. Dergisi, 71, s.73-92.
  • Göktürk, OM, Fleitmann, D., Badertscher, S., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Leuenberger, M., Fankhauser A., Tüysüz, O., Kramers, J., 2011. Climate on the Southern Black Sea Coast during the Holocene:Implıcatıons from the Sofular Cave record. Quaternary Science Reviews, Manuscript Number: JQSR-D-11-00029R1
  • Gülenbay, A., 1982. Aşağı Dalaman Havzası Karst Hidrojeoloji İncelemesi, D.S.İ. Genel Müdürlüğü, Yeraltısuları Dairesi Başkanlığı, Yücetepe-Ankara.
  • Güner, N., 1997. Köyceğiz Gölü Havzasının Hidrojeoloji İncelenmesi, Yüksek Mühendislik Tezi, HÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 91s.
  • Güngör ve Çağatay, 2007. Karadeniz’de son 3000 yıldaki ani çevresel değişimler. İTÜ Dergisi, 5(4): 23-33.
  • Jones, M.D., Roberts, C.N., Leng, M.J. ve Turkeş, M., 2006. A high-resolution late Holocene lake isotope record from Turkey and links to North Atlantic and monsoon climate. Geology 34(5): 361–364.
  • Lean, J. L. (2010). Cycles and trends in solar irradiance and climate. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews: climate change, 1(1), 111-122.
  • Luterbacher, J., Rickli, R., Xoplaki, E., Tinguely, C., Beck, C., Pfister, C., & Wanner, H. 2001. The late Maunder minimum (1675–1715)–a key period for studying decadal scale climatic change in Europe. Climatic Change, 49(4), 441-462.
  • Mackereth, F.J.H., 1966. Some chemical observations on post-glacial lake sediments. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci. 250, 165-213.
  • Magny, M., 2004. Holocene climate variability as reflected by mid-European lake level fluctuations and its probable impact on prehistoric human settlements. Quat. Int. 113, 65e79.
  • Mann, M.E., 2002. Little Ice Age, Medieval Climatic Optimum, Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, Volume 1, The Earth System: Physical and Chemical Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Ed: Munn T., Wiley J., Ghil M., Vol:1, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, p:544-549.
  • Masson-Delmotte, V., M. Schulz, A. Abe-Ouchi, J. Beer, A. Ganopolski, J.F. González Rouco, E. Jansen, K. Lambeck, J. Luterbacher, T. Naish, T. Osborn, B. Otto-Bliesner, T. Quinn, R. Ramesh, M. Rojas, X. Shao and A. Timmermann, 2013: Information from Paleoclimate Archives. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
  • Muller ve Mac Donald, 2000. Ice Ages and Astronomical Causes: Data, spectral analysis and mechanisms, Praxis Publishing, UK.
  • Naeher, S., Gilli, A., North, R.P., Hamann, Y., Schubert, C.J., 2013. Tracing bottom water oxygenation with sedimentary Mn/Fe ratios in Lake Zurich, Switzerland. Chem. Geol. 352, 125-133.
  • Ocakoğlu, F., Dönmez, E.O., Akbulut, A., Tunoğlu, C., Kır, O., Açıkalın, S., Erayık, C.,Yılmaz, Ö.E., Leroy, S.A., 2016. A 2800-year multi-proxy sedimentary record of climate change from Lake Çubuk (Göynük, Bolu, NWAnatolia). Holocene 26 (2), 205-221.
  • Reimer, R., & Reimer, P., 2017. An Online Application for ΔR Calculation. Radiocarbon, 59(5), 1623-1627.
  • Reimer, P., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J., Blackwell, P., Ramsey, C., Buck, C.E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P.M., Guilderson, T.P., Hafliadson, H., Hajdas, I, Hatté, C., Heaton, T.J., Hoffman, D.L., Hogg, A.G., Hughen, K.A., Kaiser, K.F., Kromer, B., Manning, S.W., Niu, M., Reimer, R., Richards, D.A., Scott, E.M., Southon, J.R., Staff, R.A., Turney, C.S.M., Van der Plicht, J., 2013. IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP. Radiocarbon, 55(4), 1869-1887.
  • Paillard, D., Labeyrie, L., Yiou, P., 1996. Macintosh Program performs time-series analysis. Eos Trans. AGU 77 (39), 379-379.
  • Rencher, A. C., 2002, Methods of Multivariate Analysis. 2nd. ed. New-Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Chapter 13 (pp. 408-450).
  • R Core Team, 2017. R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
  • Rodriguez-Germade, I., Rubio, B., Rey, D., 2014. XRF scanners as quick screening tool for detecting toxic pollutant elements in sediments from Marin harbour in the Ria de pontevedra (NW Spain). Mar. Pollut. Bull. 86, 458e467.
  • Sabatier, P., Dezileau, L., Blanchemanche, P., Siani, G., Condomines, M., Bentaleb, I., & Piquès, G., 2010. Holocene variations of radiocarbon reservoir ages in a Mediterranean lagoonal system. Radiocarbon, 52(1), 91-102.
  • Steinhilber, F., Abreu, J.A., Beer, J., Brunner, I., Christl, M., Fischer, H., Heikkila, U., Kubik, P.W., Mann, M., McCracken, K.G., Miller, H., Miyahara, H., Oerter, H., Wilhelms, F., 2012. 9,400 years of cosmic radiation and solar activity from ice cores and tree rings. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Published Ahead of Print April 2, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.1118965109.
  • Stuiver, M., Reimer, P.J., and Reimer, R.W., 2017, CALIB 7.1 [WWW program] at http://calib.org, accessed 2017-11-30
  • Touchan, R., Akkemik, Ü., Erkan, N., 2007. MayeJune precipitation reconstruction of southwestern Anatolia, Turkey during the last 900 years from tree rings. Quat. Res. 68, 196-202.
  • Trujillo-Ortiz, A., R. Hernandez-Walls, A. Castro-Perez and K. Barba-Rojo., 2006. MOUTLIER1: Detection of Outlier in Multivariate Samples Test. A MATLAB file. URL http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectId=12252
  • Tuchman, G., 1978, Making news. New York: Free Press.
  • Weaver P.P.E. and Schultheiss P.J., 1990. Current methods for obtaininig, logging and splitting marine sediment cores. Marine Geophysical Researches, 12:85-100.
  • Weber M.E., Niessen F., Kuhn G., Wiedicke M., 1997. Calibration and application of marine sedimentary physical properties using a multi-sensor core logger. Marine Geology, 136: 151-172.
  • Wersin, P., Höhener, P., Giovanoli, R., Stumm, W., 1991. Early diagenetic influences on iron transformations in a freshwater lake sediment. Chem. Geol. 90, 233-252.
  • Wessel, P., Smith, W. H., Scharroo, R., Luis, J., & Wobbe, F., 2013. Generic mapping tools: improved version released. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 94(45), 409-410.
  • Yeşertener, C., 1986. Aşağı Dalaman (Fethiye KB) Havazsının Karst Hidrojeolojisi İncelemesi, H.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Jeoloji (Hidrojeoloji Anabilim Dalı) Yüksek Mühendislik Tezi, 275s.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Geological Sciences and Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Makaleler - Articles
Authors

Sena Akçer Ön

Publication Date December 29, 2017
Submission Date November 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 60 Issue: 4 - Quaternary Research in Turkey

Cite

APA Akçer Ön, S. (2017). Küçük Buz Çağı’nda Güneş Etkisine Bağlı İklim Değişimleri: Köyceğiz Gölü Çökel Kayıtları (GB Anadolu). Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 60(4), 569-588. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.370616
AMA Akçer Ön S. Küçük Buz Çağı’nda Güneş Etkisine Bağlı İklim Değişimleri: Köyceğiz Gölü Çökel Kayıtları (GB Anadolu). Geol. Bull. Turkey. December 2017;60(4):569-588. doi:10.25288/tjb.370616
Chicago Akçer Ön, Sena. “Küçük Buz Çağı’nda Güneş Etkisine Bağlı İklim Değişimleri: Köyceğiz Gölü Çökel Kayıtları (GB Anadolu)”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 60, no. 4 (December 2017): 569-88. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.370616.
EndNote Akçer Ön S (December 1, 2017) Küçük Buz Çağı’nda Güneş Etkisine Bağlı İklim Değişimleri: Köyceğiz Gölü Çökel Kayıtları (GB Anadolu). Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 60 4 569–588.
IEEE S. Akçer Ön, “Küçük Buz Çağı’nda Güneş Etkisine Bağlı İklim Değişimleri: Köyceğiz Gölü Çökel Kayıtları (GB Anadolu)”, Geol. Bull. Turkey, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 569–588, 2017, doi: 10.25288/tjb.370616.
ISNAD Akçer Ön, Sena. “Küçük Buz Çağı’nda Güneş Etkisine Bağlı İklim Değişimleri: Köyceğiz Gölü Çökel Kayıtları (GB Anadolu)”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 60/4 (December 2017), 569-588. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.370616.
JAMA Akçer Ön S. Küçük Buz Çağı’nda Güneş Etkisine Bağlı İklim Değişimleri: Köyceğiz Gölü Çökel Kayıtları (GB Anadolu). Geol. Bull. Turkey. 2017;60:569–588.
MLA Akçer Ön, Sena. “Küçük Buz Çağı’nda Güneş Etkisine Bağlı İklim Değişimleri: Köyceğiz Gölü Çökel Kayıtları (GB Anadolu)”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, vol. 60, no. 4, 2017, pp. 569-88, doi:10.25288/tjb.370616.
Vancouver Akçer Ön S. Küçük Buz Çağı’nda Güneş Etkisine Bağlı İklim Değişimleri: Köyceğiz Gölü Çökel Kayıtları (GB Anadolu). Geol. Bull. Turkey. 2017;60(4):569-88.

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