Research Article
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Utilization of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) stalks in pulp and paper production

Year 2017, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 155 - 159, 28.07.2017
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.310094

Abstract

 The leaves of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis
L.) are used very common in the medicine. However, after the usage of leaves,
stalks are useless. In this study, utilization of rosemary stalks in pulp and
paper industry is analyzed. For this purpose, chemical and morphological
properties were determined. Also, some derived values (slenderness ratio,
flexibility coefficient, rigidity coefficient, mühlsteph ratio and F ratio)
were found from the fiber properties (fiber length, fiber diameter, cell wall
thickness and lumen diameter). Results were compared with other lignocellulosic
materials. The stalks composed of 63.6% holocellulose, 36.4% α-cellulose, 26.9%
lignin and 1.9% ash. Solubility values were 4.8%, 10.4%, 7.9% and 22.8% as for
toluene-alcohol-acetone mixture, hot water, cold water and 1% NaOH,
respectively. Fiber length, fiber diameter, cell wall thickness and lumen
diameter were found 0.36 mm, 12.84 µm, 4.31 µm and 4.22 µm, respectively. The
slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient, rigidity coefficient, mühlsteph
ratio and F ratio were determined in the order of 27.7, 32.87, 33.57, 2.04,
89.20 and 82.72%. According to these results the stalks of rosemary showed
similarities with hardwood species with respect to holocellulose, α- cellulose
and lignin. However derived values indicated that the stalks of rosemary is not
suitable for pulp and paper production.

References

  • Akgül, M., Tozluoğlu, A., 2009. Some chemical and morphological properties of juvenile woods from beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and pine (Pinus nigra A.) plantations. Trends in Applied Sciences Research 4: 116–125.
  • Ashori, A., Hamzeh, Y., Amani, F., 2011. Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Stalk: Chemical composition and fiber morphology. J Polym Environ, 19: 297-300. DOI 10.1007/s10924-010-0279-8.
  • Atchison, J. E., 1987. Data on non-wood plant fibers. In The secondary fibers and non-wood pulping, 3rd ed., ed. F. Hamilton, Chap. 3. Atlanta, GA: TAPPI Press.
  • Begum, A. ve Ali, S.S. (2015). Pharmacognostical standardization of aerial parts of Rosmarinus officinalis var. albus, Int J Pharm Bio Sci, 6(2), 498-513.
  • Bektaş, İ., Tutuş, A., Eroğlu, H., 1999. A study of the suitability of calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) for pulp and paper manufacture. Tr J Agric For 23(3): 589-597.
  • Bostancı, Ş., 1987. Kağıt Hamuru Üretimi ve Ağartma Teknolojisi. KTÜ Orman Fak., Yay.No. 114 / 13, Trabzon.
  • Bozkurt, Y., Erdin, N., 1989. Odunsu lifler ve tanımı. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri B, 39(4).
  • Casey, J.P., 1961. Pulp and paper chemistry and chemical technology. Vol. 2. Second Edition. Wiley Interscience Publisher Inc., New York, 581-1249p.
  • Deniz, İ., Kırcı, H., Ateş, S., 2004. Optimization of wheat straw triticum drum kraft pulping. Ind. Crop. Prod.,19: 237-243.
  • Deqing, Z., Ya, D., Guanglin, F., Jie, Y., Lanlan, T., Jun, L., 2016. Chemical composition, fiber morphology and biological structure of tobacco stalks. Product Technology, Vol. 49: 80-86. DOI 0.16135/j.issn1002-0861.20160413
  • Hassan, F.A.S., Bazaid,S., Ali, E.F., 2013. Effect of deficit irrigation on growth, yield and volatile oil contenton Rosmarinus officinalis L. plant. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 1(3): 12-21.
  • İstek, A., Eroğlu, H., Gülsoy, S.K., 2008. Fiber and paper properties changes in relation to age of black pine. Kastamonu University, Journal of Forestry Faculty 8 (1): 61-66.
  • Kırcı, H., 2000. Kağıt Hamuru Endüstrisi Ders Notları. KTÜ Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No:63, Trabzon, Türkiye.
  • Kırcı, H., 2006. Kağıt Hamuru Endüstrisi Ders Notları, KTÜ Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No:86, Trabzon.
  • OGM, 2015. T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ormancılık İstatistikleri 2015. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Istatistikler, Erişim: 15.04.2017. Rowell, R.M., 2005. Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites, Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press, USA.
  • Simionescu, C. I., M. Grigora¸S., Cern˘atescu-Asandei, A., 1964. Chemistry of wood in R.P.R. Bucharest. Academy of Popular Republic of Romania Publishing House, Romania.
  • Smook, G.A., 1997. Handbook for pulp and paper technologists. Angus Wilde Publications, Vancouver.
  • Spearin, W.E., Isenberg I.H., 1947. Maceration of woody tissue with acetic acid and sodium chlorite. Science, 105: 214.
  • Tank, T., Bostancı, Ş., Eroğlu, H., Enercan, S., 1985. Tütün saplarının kağıt yapımında değerlendirilmesi. Doğa Bilim Dergisi, D2, 9: 3.
  • TAPPI T 204 cm-97, 1997. Solvent extractives of wood and pulp. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA.
  • TAPPI T 207 cm-99, 1999. Water solubility of wood and pulp. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA.
  • TAPPI T 211om-02, 2002. Ash in wood, pulp, paper and paperboard: combustion at 525 oC. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA.
  • TAPPI T 212om-12, 2012. One percent sodium hydroxide solubility of wood and pulp. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA
  • TAPPI T 222 om-02, 2002. Acid-insoluble lignin in wood and pulp. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA.
  • TAPPI T 264 om-07, 2007. Preparation of wood for chemical analysis. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA.
  • Tofanica, B.M., Cappelletto, E., Gavrilescu, D., Mueller, K., 2011. Properties of Rapeseed (Brassica napus) stalks fibers. Journal of Natural Fibers, 8: 241-262. DOI: 10.1080/15440478.2011.626189
  • Tutuş, A., Ezici, A.C., Ateş, S., 2010. Chemical, morphological and anatomical properties and evaluation of cotton stalks (Gossypium hirsutum I.) in pulp industry. Scientific Research and Essays Vol. 5(12): 1553-1560.
  • Ververis, C., Georghiou, K., Christodoulakis, N., Santas, P., Santas, R., 2004. Fibers dimensions, lignin and cellulose content of various plant materials and their suitability for paper production. Industrial Crops and Products., 19: 245-254. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.006
  • Wise, E.L., Karl, H.L., 1962. Cellulose and hemicelluloses in pulp and paper science and technology. In: Earl, C.L. (Ed.) Vol. 1: Pulp, McGraw Hill-Book Co., New York.
  • Yan-xing, Z., Jun, Y., Jian, X., Sheng-long, W., Hong, W., 2011. Analysis of chemical components and morphology of the stem fiber of Lavandula pinnata L. Paper Science & Technology, 2011-04.
  • Young, J.H., 1981. Fiber preparation and approach flow in pulp and paper. In: “Chemistry and Chemical Technology” (Casey JP eds): Interscience publishers, New York.

Biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) saplarının kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretimine uygunluğunun değerlendirilmesi

Year 2017, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 155 - 159, 28.07.2017
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.310094

Abstract

Biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis
L.) yapraklarından elde edilen ürünler tıbbi alanda yaygın olarak
kullanılmaktadır. Yaprakların değerlendirilmesinden sonra geri kalan biberiye
sapları ise atıl olarak kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada biberiye saplarının kağıt
hamuru ve kağıt endüstrisinde değerlendirme potansiyelinin olup olmadığı belirlenmeye
çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla sapların kimyasal ve morfolojik özellikleri ile lif
boyutlarının birbirlerine oranlanması ile bulunan veriler (keçeleşme oranı,
elastiklik katsayısı, rijidite katsayısı, mühlstep oranı ve F oranı) tespit
edilmiş ve sonuçlar diğer lignoselülozik malzemelerle karşılaştırılmıştır.
TAPPI standartlarına göre yapılan kimyasal analiz sonuçlarına göre biberiye
sapı %63.6 holoselüloz, % 36.4 α-selüloz, %26.9 lignin ve %1.9 kül
içermektedir. Çözünürlükleri ise sırasıyla toluen-alkol-aseton % 4.8, sıcak su
%10.4, soğuk su %7.9 ve %1 NaOH %22.8’dir. Lif uzunluğu 0.36 mm, lif çapı 12.84
µm, çeper kalınlığı 4.31 µm ve lümen çapı 4.22 µm’dur. Morfolojik özelliklerden
türetilen verilere göre keçeleşme katsayısı 27.77, elastiklik katsayısı 32.87,
katılık katsayısı 33.57, runkel oranı 2.04, mühlstep oranı 89.20 ve F oranı
%82.72’dir. Biberiye sapı holoselüloz, α- selüloz ve lignin bakımından yapraklı
ağaç odun özelliği göstermektedir. Morfolojik özelliklerden türetilen verilere
göre biberiye sapı, kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretimine uygun bir hammadde olmadığı
sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

  • Akgül, M., Tozluoğlu, A., 2009. Some chemical and morphological properties of juvenile woods from beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and pine (Pinus nigra A.) plantations. Trends in Applied Sciences Research 4: 116–125.
  • Ashori, A., Hamzeh, Y., Amani, F., 2011. Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Stalk: Chemical composition and fiber morphology. J Polym Environ, 19: 297-300. DOI 10.1007/s10924-010-0279-8.
  • Atchison, J. E., 1987. Data on non-wood plant fibers. In The secondary fibers and non-wood pulping, 3rd ed., ed. F. Hamilton, Chap. 3. Atlanta, GA: TAPPI Press.
  • Begum, A. ve Ali, S.S. (2015). Pharmacognostical standardization of aerial parts of Rosmarinus officinalis var. albus, Int J Pharm Bio Sci, 6(2), 498-513.
  • Bektaş, İ., Tutuş, A., Eroğlu, H., 1999. A study of the suitability of calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) for pulp and paper manufacture. Tr J Agric For 23(3): 589-597.
  • Bostancı, Ş., 1987. Kağıt Hamuru Üretimi ve Ağartma Teknolojisi. KTÜ Orman Fak., Yay.No. 114 / 13, Trabzon.
  • Bozkurt, Y., Erdin, N., 1989. Odunsu lifler ve tanımı. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri B, 39(4).
  • Casey, J.P., 1961. Pulp and paper chemistry and chemical technology. Vol. 2. Second Edition. Wiley Interscience Publisher Inc., New York, 581-1249p.
  • Deniz, İ., Kırcı, H., Ateş, S., 2004. Optimization of wheat straw triticum drum kraft pulping. Ind. Crop. Prod.,19: 237-243.
  • Deqing, Z., Ya, D., Guanglin, F., Jie, Y., Lanlan, T., Jun, L., 2016. Chemical composition, fiber morphology and biological structure of tobacco stalks. Product Technology, Vol. 49: 80-86. DOI 0.16135/j.issn1002-0861.20160413
  • Hassan, F.A.S., Bazaid,S., Ali, E.F., 2013. Effect of deficit irrigation on growth, yield and volatile oil contenton Rosmarinus officinalis L. plant. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 1(3): 12-21.
  • İstek, A., Eroğlu, H., Gülsoy, S.K., 2008. Fiber and paper properties changes in relation to age of black pine. Kastamonu University, Journal of Forestry Faculty 8 (1): 61-66.
  • Kırcı, H., 2000. Kağıt Hamuru Endüstrisi Ders Notları. KTÜ Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No:63, Trabzon, Türkiye.
  • Kırcı, H., 2006. Kağıt Hamuru Endüstrisi Ders Notları, KTÜ Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No:86, Trabzon.
  • OGM, 2015. T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Ormancılık İstatistikleri 2015. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Istatistikler, Erişim: 15.04.2017. Rowell, R.M., 2005. Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites, Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press, USA.
  • Simionescu, C. I., M. Grigora¸S., Cern˘atescu-Asandei, A., 1964. Chemistry of wood in R.P.R. Bucharest. Academy of Popular Republic of Romania Publishing House, Romania.
  • Smook, G.A., 1997. Handbook for pulp and paper technologists. Angus Wilde Publications, Vancouver.
  • Spearin, W.E., Isenberg I.H., 1947. Maceration of woody tissue with acetic acid and sodium chlorite. Science, 105: 214.
  • Tank, T., Bostancı, Ş., Eroğlu, H., Enercan, S., 1985. Tütün saplarının kağıt yapımında değerlendirilmesi. Doğa Bilim Dergisi, D2, 9: 3.
  • TAPPI T 204 cm-97, 1997. Solvent extractives of wood and pulp. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA.
  • TAPPI T 207 cm-99, 1999. Water solubility of wood and pulp. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA.
  • TAPPI T 211om-02, 2002. Ash in wood, pulp, paper and paperboard: combustion at 525 oC. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA.
  • TAPPI T 212om-12, 2012. One percent sodium hydroxide solubility of wood and pulp. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA
  • TAPPI T 222 om-02, 2002. Acid-insoluble lignin in wood and pulp. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA.
  • TAPPI T 264 om-07, 2007. Preparation of wood for chemical analysis. Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA.
  • Tofanica, B.M., Cappelletto, E., Gavrilescu, D., Mueller, K., 2011. Properties of Rapeseed (Brassica napus) stalks fibers. Journal of Natural Fibers, 8: 241-262. DOI: 10.1080/15440478.2011.626189
  • Tutuş, A., Ezici, A.C., Ateş, S., 2010. Chemical, morphological and anatomical properties and evaluation of cotton stalks (Gossypium hirsutum I.) in pulp industry. Scientific Research and Essays Vol. 5(12): 1553-1560.
  • Ververis, C., Georghiou, K., Christodoulakis, N., Santas, P., Santas, R., 2004. Fibers dimensions, lignin and cellulose content of various plant materials and their suitability for paper production. Industrial Crops and Products., 19: 245-254. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.006
  • Wise, E.L., Karl, H.L., 1962. Cellulose and hemicelluloses in pulp and paper science and technology. In: Earl, C.L. (Ed.) Vol. 1: Pulp, McGraw Hill-Book Co., New York.
  • Yan-xing, Z., Jun, Y., Jian, X., Sheng-long, W., Hong, W., 2011. Analysis of chemical components and morphology of the stem fiber of Lavandula pinnata L. Paper Science & Technology, 2011-04.
  • Young, J.H., 1981. Fiber preparation and approach flow in pulp and paper. In: “Chemistry and Chemical Technology” (Casey JP eds): Interscience publishers, New York.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Orijinal Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Zehra Odabaş Serin

Nisa Ateş This is me

Arif Cavunt This is me

Publication Date July 28, 2017
Acceptance Date July 27, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 18 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Odabaş Serin, Z., Ateş, N., & Cavunt, A. (2017). Utilization of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) stalks in pulp and paper production. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 18(2), 155-159. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.310094
AMA Odabaş Serin Z, Ateş N, Cavunt A. Utilization of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) stalks in pulp and paper production. Turkish Journal of Forestry. July 2017;18(2):155-159. doi:10.18182/tjf.310094
Chicago Odabaş Serin, Zehra, Nisa Ateş, and Arif Cavunt. “Utilization of Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) Stalks in Pulp and Paper Production”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 18, no. 2 (July 2017): 155-59. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.310094.
EndNote Odabaş Serin Z, Ateş N, Cavunt A (July 1, 2017) Utilization of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) stalks in pulp and paper production. Turkish Journal of Forestry 18 2 155–159.
IEEE Z. Odabaş Serin, N. Ateş, and A. Cavunt, “Utilization of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) stalks in pulp and paper production”, Turkish Journal of Forestry, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 155–159, 2017, doi: 10.18182/tjf.310094.
ISNAD Odabaş Serin, Zehra et al. “Utilization of Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) Stalks in Pulp and Paper Production”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 18/2 (July 2017), 155-159. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.310094.
JAMA Odabaş Serin Z, Ateş N, Cavunt A. Utilization of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) stalks in pulp and paper production. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2017;18:155–159.
MLA Odabaş Serin, Zehra et al. “Utilization of Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) Stalks in Pulp and Paper Production”. Turkish Journal of Forestry, vol. 18, no. 2, 2017, pp. 155-9, doi:10.18182/tjf.310094.
Vancouver Odabaş Serin Z, Ateş N, Cavunt A. Utilization of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) stalks in pulp and paper production. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2017;18(2):155-9.