DETERMINING THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND THE EFFECTIVE RISK FACTORS IN ADOLESCENTS IN THE AGE GROUP OF 15-18 YEARS AT A SECONDARY SCHOOL

Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 203 - 211, 18.06.2019

Burcu Aykanat Girgin , Özlem Bulantekin Düzalan

https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.454771

Abstract

Aim: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of
obesity and the effective risk factors in adolescents in the age group of 15-18
years at a secondary school located in the province of Çankırı.  Methods:
This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 402
adolescents in the age group of 15-18 years studying at a secondary school
located in the province of Çankırı between February and April 2017. Body
weights and heights of the adolescents were measured, and their body mass indexes
were calculated.  Results: It was determined in the study that 16.7% of the students
were obese. The prevalence of obesity was found to be associated with a high
socio-economic level, the long sedentary period in front of television and
computer, decreased physical activity, family history of obesity, fast eating,
and diet (p<0.05). According to the Eating Habits Index, 59.5% of the
students were determined in moderate risk group; whereas, 27.9% were determined
in the high-risk group. Additionally, a negative and significant correlation
was found between body mass index values and eating habits scores of the
students (r=-0.406; p<0.001).  Conclusion: It was determined in the
study that the obesity prevalence of the adolescents was high. It is
recommended to implement more effective public health programs to acquire
healthy nutrition and regular physical activity for management and prevention
of obesity in adolescents.

 

Amaç: Araştırma, Çankırı ilinde bir ortaöğretim okulundaki
15-18 yaş grubu adölesanlarda obezite prevelansını ve etkileyen risk
faktörlerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi.  Yöntem:
Araştırma, Şubat-Nisan 2017 tarihleri arasında Çankırı ilindeki bir ortaöğretim
kurumunda öğrenim gören 15-18 yaş grubundaki toplam 402 adölesan ile
tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel olarak yürütüldü. Adölesanların vücut ağırlığı, boy
uzunluğu ölçüldü ve beden kitle indeksleri hesaplandı.  Bulgular:
Araştırmada öğrencilerin % 16.7’sinin obez olduğu saptanmıştır. Obezite
sıklığı; yüksek sosyoekonomik düzey, televizyon ve bilgisayar karşısında uzun
süreli hareketsiz kalma, azalmış fiziksel aktivite, ailede obezite öyküsünün
bulunması, hızlı yemek yeme ve diyet yapma ile ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0.05).
Öğrencilerin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İndeksi’ne göre % 59.5’inin orta ve % 27.9’unun
yüksek risk grubunda olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin beden kitle
indeksi değerleri ile beslenme alışkanlıkları puanları arasında ise negatif
yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır (r=-0.406; p<0.001).  Sonuç:
Araştırmada incelenen adölesanlarda obezite prevelansının yüksek olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Adölesanlarda obezitenin önlenmesi ve yönetimi için sağlıklı
beslenme ve düzenli fiziksel aktivitenin kazandırılmasına yönelik daha etkili
halk sağlığı programlarının uygulanması önerilmektedir. 

Keywords

Adolescent, obesity, prevalence, risk factors

References

• 1. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. JAMA 2014; 311 (8): 806-814.
• 2. Biswas T, Islam A, Islam MS, Pervin S, Rawal LB. Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2017; 142(1): 94-101.
• 3. Kumar S, Kelly AS. Review of childhood obesity: from epidemiology, etiology, and comorbidities to clinical assessment and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc 2017; 92 (2): 251-265.
• 4. 4.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Childhood obesity facts, https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html. Date accessed: 05.01.2019.
• 5. Statistics Canada. Overweight and obese youth, http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2015001/article/14186-eng.htm. Date accessed: 05.01.2019.
• 6. Rachmi CN, Li M, Alison Baur L. Overweight and obesity in Indonesia: prevalence and risk factors-a literature review. Public Health 2017; 147(1): 20-29.
• 7. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health General Directorate for Health Research.Turkey nutrition and health survey nutrition status and habits assessment final report 2010-2014, p. 12-14.
• 8. Skinner AC, Perrin EM, Moss LA, Skelton JA. Cardiometabolic risks and severity of obesity in children and young adults. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(14):1307-1317
• 9. Pomerantz WJ, Timm NL, Gittelman MA. Injury patterns in obese versus nonobese children presenting to a pediatric emergency department. Pediatrics 2010; 125(4): 681-685.
• 10. Hamaideh SH, Al-Khateeb RY, Al-Rawashded AB. Overweight and obesity and their correlates among Jordanian adolescents. J Nurs Scholarsh 2010; 42(4): 387-394.
• 11. Li Y, Zhai F, Yang X, Schouten EG, Hu X, He Y, et al. Determinants of childhood overweight and obesity in China. Br J Nutr 2007; 97(1): 210-215.
• 12. Yi X, Yin C, Chang M, Xiao Y. Prevalence and risk factors of obesity among school-aged children in Xi’an, China. Eur J Pediatr 2011; 171(2): 389-394.
• 13. Andegiorgish AK, Wang J, Zhang X, Liu X, Zhu H. Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and associated risk factors among school children and adolescents in Tianjin, China. Eur J Pediatr 2012; 171(4): 697-703.
• 14. Ercan S, Dallar YB, Önen S, Engiz Ö. Prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors among adolescents in Ankara, Turkey. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2012; 4(4): 204-207.
• 15. Dişçigil G, Tekin N, Söylemez A. Obesity in Turkish children and adolescents: prevalence and non-nutritional correlates in an urban sample. Child Care Health Dev 2009; 35(2): 153-158.
• 16. Chan JC, Malik V, Jia W, Kadowaki T, Yajnik CS, Yoon KH, et al. Diabetes in Asia, epidemiology, risk factors and pathophysiology. JAMA 2009; 301(20): 2129-2140.
• 17. Ji Cheng Y, Cheng Tusung O. Prevalence and geographic distribution of childhood obesity in China in 2005. Int J Cardiol 2008; 131(1): 1-8.
• 18. Singh A, Maheswari A, Sharma N, Anan K. Lifestyle associated risk factors in adolescents. Indian J Pediatr 2006; 73(10): 901-906.
• 19. Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions. http://www.turkis.org.tr/ocak-2017-aclik-ve-yoksulluk-siniri-d1371. Date accessed: 05.01.2019.
• 20. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (9. Edition). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2013. p. 65-69.
• 21. Demirezen E, Coşansu G. Evaluating dietary pattern in adolescence. Sted 2005; 14(8): 174-178.
• 22. Kohn MR. Nutrition. In: Neinstein LS, editor. Adolescent Health Care A Pratical Guide. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008. P. 114-124.
• 23. Nihiser AJ, Lee SM, McKenna M, Odom E, Reinold C, Thompson D, et al. Body mass index measurement in schools. J Sch Health 2012;77(10):651-671.
• 24. Bundak R, Furman A, Gunoz H, Darendeliler F, Baş F, Neyzi O. Body mass index references for Turkish children. Acta Pediatr 2006;95(2):194-8.
• 25. Erol H. Analyzing data with SPSS program. Ankara, Nobel Publishing; 2010. p.45-49.
• 26. Arı Yuca S, Yılmaz C, Cesur Y, Doğan M, Kaya A, Başaranoğlu M. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in eastern Turkey. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2010; 2(4): 159-163.
• 27. Alper Z, Ercan İ, Uncu Y. A meta-analysis and an evaluation of trends in obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in Turkey: 1990 through 2015. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2018; 10(1): 59-67.
• 28. Wardle J, Brodersen NH, Cole TJ, Jarvis MJ, Boniface DR. Development of adiposity in adolescence: five year longitudinal study of an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of young people in Britain. BMJ 2006; 332(1): 1130-1135.
• 29. Martinez ES, Allen B, Ortega CF, Torres-Meija G, Galal O, Lazcano-Ponce E. Overweight and obesity status among adolescents from Mexico and Egypt. Arch Med Res 2006; 37(4): 535-542.
• 30. Şimşek E, Akpınar S, Bahçebaşı T, Şenses DA, Kocabay K. The prevalence of overweight and obese children aged 6-17 years in the West Black Sea region of Turkey. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62(7): 1033-1038.
• 31. Özmert EN, Özdemir R, Pektaş A, Uçkardeş Y, Yurdakök K. Effect of activity and television viewing on BMI z-score in early adolescents in Turkey. World J Pediatr 2011; 7(1): 37-40.
• 32. Laurson KR, Eisenmann JC, Welk GJ, Wickel EE, Gentile DA, Walsh DA. Combined influence of physical activity and screen time recommendations on childhood overweight. J Pediatr 2008; 153(2): 209-214.
• 33. Burke V, Beilin LJ, Dunbar D. Family lifestyle and parental body mass index as predictors of body mass index in Australian children: a longitudinal study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25(2): 147-157.
• 34. Süleiman A, Alboqai OK, Yasein N, El-Qudah JM, Bataineh MF, Obeidat BA. Prevalence of and factors associated with overweight and obesity among Jordan University students. Int J Biol Sci 2009; 9(7): 730-745.
• 35. Fredericka CB, Snellmana K, Putnama RD. Increasing socioeconomic disparities in adolescent obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2013; 111(4): 1338-1342.
• 36. Kane JB, Frisco ML. Obesity, school obesity prevalence, and adolescent childbearing among U.S. young women. Soc Sci Med 2013; 88(1): 108-115.
• 37. Aktaş D, Öztürk FN, Kapan Y. Determination of the obesity prevalence and affecting risk factors, of eating habits among adolescents. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2015; 14(5): 406-412.