Review
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Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 232 - 240, 18.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.569924

Abstract

References

  • 1. Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, Haynes RB, Richardson WS. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn’t. BMJ 1996; 312(7023):71-2.
  • 2. Sackett DL, Straus SE, Richardson WS, Rosenberg W, Haynes RB. Evidence-Based Medicine: how to practice and teach EBM, 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone;2000.p.3-12.
  • 3. Yılmaz E, Çöl M. Kanıta Dayalı Tıp. Journal of Clinical and Analytical Medicine 2014;5(6):537-42.
  • 4. Masic CI, Miokovic M, Muhamedagic B. Evidence Based Medicine – New Approaches and Challenges. Professıonal Paper 2008;16(4):219-25.
  • 5. Virgilio RF, Chiapa AL, Palmarozzi E. Evidence-Based Medicine. An Introduction to Creating an Answerable Question and Searching the Evidence. J Am Osteoath Assoc 2007;107(8):295-7.
  • 6. Bramer WM, Rethlefsen ML, Jos Kleijnen J and Franco OH. Optimal database combinations for literature searches in systematic reviews: a prospective exploratory study. Systematic Reviews 2017; 6 (245): 1-12.
  • 7. Glass GV. Primary, Secondary, and Meta-Analysis of Research. American Educational Research Association 1976;5(10):3-8.
  • 8. Harbour R, Miller J. A new system for grading recommendations in evidence based guidelines. BMJ 2001;323:334–6.
  • 9. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M et al and PRISMA-P Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. http://www.systematicreviewsjournal.com/content/4/1/1 adresinden 01.07.2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 10. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine-Levels of Evidence (March 2009)- CEBM. https://www.cebm.net/2009/06/oxford-centre-evidence-based-medicine-levels-evidence-march-2009/ adresinden 20.07.2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 11. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, What the Grades Mean and Suggestions for Practice, Grade Definitions After July 2012. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Name/grade-definitions adresinden 20.07.2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 12. Bakioğlu A, Göktaş E. Bir Eğitim Politikası Belirleme Yöntemi: Meta-Analiz. Medeniyet Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi 2018;1(2):35-54.
  • 13. Gülpınar Ö, Güçlü AG. Derleme makalesi nasıl yazılır? Turkish Journal of Urology 2013; 39(Özel Sayı 1): 44-8.
  • 14. Balcı S, Baydemir C. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Meta-Analizi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2015;1(1): 9-11.
  • 15. Kılıç S. Etki Büyüklüğü. Journal of Mood Disorders 2014; 4(1): 44-46.
  • 16. Social Science Statistics, Effect Size Calculator for T-Test. https://www.socscistatistics.com/effectsize/default3.aspx adresinden 16.08.2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 17. Psychometrica, Computation of Effect Sizes. https://www.psychometrica.de/effect_size.html adresindin 17.08.2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 18. Yıldırım HH, Yıldırım S. Hipotez Testi, Güven Aralığı, Etki Büyüklüğü ve Merkezi Olmayan Olasılık Dağılımları Üzerine. İlköğretim Online 2011;10(3):1112-23.
  • 19. Comprehensıve Meta-Analysıs. https://www.meta-analysis.com/ Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (CMA) adresinden 04.09.2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 20. NCSS Statistical Software. Forest Plots. https://ncss-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/themes/ncss/pdf/Procedures/NCSS/Forest_Plots.pdf adresinden 27.08.2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 21. Sedgwick P. How to read a forest plot in a meta-analysis. BMJ 2015;351(4028) :1-3.
  • 22. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283(15): 2008-12.
  • 23. Sun Reopeng, Sosnoff JJ. Novel sensing technology in fall risk assessment in older adults: a systematic review. BMC Geriatrics. 2018;18(14):1-10.
  • 24. Rojas-Villarraga A, Torres-Gonzalez JV, Ruiz-Sternberg AM. Safety of Hormonal Replacement Therapy and Oral Contraceptives in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLOS ONE. 2014; 9(8):1-11.
  • 25. Weissberger GH, Strong JV, Stefanidis KB, Summers MJ, Bondi MW, Stricker NH. Diagnostic Accuracy of Memory Measures in Alzheimer’s Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev. 2017; 27(4): 354–388.
  • 26. PRISMA Available Translations. http://prisma-statement.org/documents/PRISMA%20Turkish%20checklist.pdf ve http://prisma-statement.org/documents/PRISMA%20Turkish%20flow%20diagram.pdf adreslerinden 02.07.2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 27. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzla J, Mulrow C, Gotzsche PC, Ioannidis JPA et al. The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration. PloS Medicine 2009; 6(7):1-28.
  • 28. Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M. Et al. The PRISMA-P Group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: Elaboration and Explanation. BMJ 2015; 349 (7647):1-25

Meta-Analysis Steps and Reporting

Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 232 - 240, 18.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.569924

Abstract

Evidence based medicine
is a medical decision making approach using the best available medical
evidence. For this, the research question should be clearly defined, the
evidence should be investigated, the evidences should be assessed, the medical
decisions must be made and implemented and the results of the implementation
should be observed. Meta-analysis and systematic review are at the top of the
evidence based-pyramid at evidence based medicine. Meta-analysis is an original
article that it is the synthesis of a large number of researches to reach a
large number of data, provides more reliable information about the subject
being searched. When the meta-analysis is prepared; the research question is
determined, the literature is searched and appropriate studies are selected,
the selected researches are coded, the effect size is calculated, the data are
analyzed again according to the effect sizes and meta-analysis is written
respectively. The PRISMA Protocol is often used in conducting meta-analysis.
This review summarizes steps for evidence based medicine, steps for conducting
meta-analysis, the PRISMA Checklist and the PRISMA Flow Diagram which are
translated into Turkish. This review is belived to be a valuable contribution
to Turkish scientist, especially in planning to conduct a meta-analysis.


Kanıta dayalı tıp, elde
bulunan en iyi tıbbi kanıtları kullanarak tıbbi karar verme yaklaşımıdır. Bu
amaçla araştırma sorusu net olarak belirlenmeli, kanıtlar araştırılmalı,
belirlenen kanıtlar değerlendirilmeli, tıbbi karar verilmeli ve uygulanmalı,
uygulamanın sonuçları gözlenmelidir. Kanıta dayalı tıpta, kanıt piramidinin en
üst basamağında meta-analiz ve sistematik derlemeler yer almaktadır.
Meta-analiz, çok sayıda araştırmayı sentezleyerek geniş veri sayısına ulaşmayı
ve araştırılan konu hakkında daha objektif bilgiler edinilmesini sağlayan bir
orijinal araştırma türüdür. Meta-analiz hazırlanırken, sırasıyla araştırma
sorusu belirlenir; literatür taraması yapılarak uygun araştırmalar seçilir,
seçilen araştırmalar kodlanır; etki büyüklüğü hesaplanır, etki büyüklüklerine
göre veriler tekrar analiz edilir ve meta-analiz yazılır. Meta-analiz yazım
aşamasında sıklıkla PRISMA Protokolü’nden yararlanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede,
kanıta dayalı tıp basamakları, meta-analiz yazım basamakları özetlenmiş; PRISMA
Kontrol Listesi ve PRISMA Akış Şemasının Türkçe çevirilerine yer verilmiştir.
Bu araştırmanın özellikle meta-analiz yapma hazırlığında olan araştırmacılara
katkısı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

References

  • 1. Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, Haynes RB, Richardson WS. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn’t. BMJ 1996; 312(7023):71-2.
  • 2. Sackett DL, Straus SE, Richardson WS, Rosenberg W, Haynes RB. Evidence-Based Medicine: how to practice and teach EBM, 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone;2000.p.3-12.
  • 3. Yılmaz E, Çöl M. Kanıta Dayalı Tıp. Journal of Clinical and Analytical Medicine 2014;5(6):537-42.
  • 4. Masic CI, Miokovic M, Muhamedagic B. Evidence Based Medicine – New Approaches and Challenges. Professıonal Paper 2008;16(4):219-25.
  • 5. Virgilio RF, Chiapa AL, Palmarozzi E. Evidence-Based Medicine. An Introduction to Creating an Answerable Question and Searching the Evidence. J Am Osteoath Assoc 2007;107(8):295-7.
  • 6. Bramer WM, Rethlefsen ML, Jos Kleijnen J and Franco OH. Optimal database combinations for literature searches in systematic reviews: a prospective exploratory study. Systematic Reviews 2017; 6 (245): 1-12.
  • 7. Glass GV. Primary, Secondary, and Meta-Analysis of Research. American Educational Research Association 1976;5(10):3-8.
  • 8. Harbour R, Miller J. A new system for grading recommendations in evidence based guidelines. BMJ 2001;323:334–6.
  • 9. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M et al and PRISMA-P Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. http://www.systematicreviewsjournal.com/content/4/1/1 adresinden 01.07.2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 10. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine-Levels of Evidence (March 2009)- CEBM. https://www.cebm.net/2009/06/oxford-centre-evidence-based-medicine-levels-evidence-march-2009/ adresinden 20.07.2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 11. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, What the Grades Mean and Suggestions for Practice, Grade Definitions After July 2012. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Name/grade-definitions adresinden 20.07.2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 12. Bakioğlu A, Göktaş E. Bir Eğitim Politikası Belirleme Yöntemi: Meta-Analiz. Medeniyet Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi 2018;1(2):35-54.
  • 13. Gülpınar Ö, Güçlü AG. Derleme makalesi nasıl yazılır? Turkish Journal of Urology 2013; 39(Özel Sayı 1): 44-8.
  • 14. Balcı S, Baydemir C. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Meta-Analizi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2015;1(1): 9-11.
  • 15. Kılıç S. Etki Büyüklüğü. Journal of Mood Disorders 2014; 4(1): 44-46.
  • 16. Social Science Statistics, Effect Size Calculator for T-Test. https://www.socscistatistics.com/effectsize/default3.aspx adresinden 16.08.2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 17. Psychometrica, Computation of Effect Sizes. https://www.psychometrica.de/effect_size.html adresindin 17.08.2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 18. Yıldırım HH, Yıldırım S. Hipotez Testi, Güven Aralığı, Etki Büyüklüğü ve Merkezi Olmayan Olasılık Dağılımları Üzerine. İlköğretim Online 2011;10(3):1112-23.
  • 19. Comprehensıve Meta-Analysıs. https://www.meta-analysis.com/ Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (CMA) adresinden 04.09.2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 20. NCSS Statistical Software. Forest Plots. https://ncss-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/themes/ncss/pdf/Procedures/NCSS/Forest_Plots.pdf adresinden 27.08.2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 21. Sedgwick P. How to read a forest plot in a meta-analysis. BMJ 2015;351(4028) :1-3.
  • 22. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283(15): 2008-12.
  • 23. Sun Reopeng, Sosnoff JJ. Novel sensing technology in fall risk assessment in older adults: a systematic review. BMC Geriatrics. 2018;18(14):1-10.
  • 24. Rojas-Villarraga A, Torres-Gonzalez JV, Ruiz-Sternberg AM. Safety of Hormonal Replacement Therapy and Oral Contraceptives in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLOS ONE. 2014; 9(8):1-11.
  • 25. Weissberger GH, Strong JV, Stefanidis KB, Summers MJ, Bondi MW, Stricker NH. Diagnostic Accuracy of Memory Measures in Alzheimer’s Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev. 2017; 27(4): 354–388.
  • 26. PRISMA Available Translations. http://prisma-statement.org/documents/PRISMA%20Turkish%20checklist.pdf ve http://prisma-statement.org/documents/PRISMA%20Turkish%20flow%20diagram.pdf adreslerinden 02.07.2018 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • 27. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzla J, Mulrow C, Gotzsche PC, Ioannidis JPA et al. The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration. PloS Medicine 2009; 6(7):1-28.
  • 28. Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M. Et al. The PRISMA-P Group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: Elaboration and Explanation. BMJ 2015; 349 (7647):1-25
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section Review
Authors

Zeynep Aşık

Mehmet Özen

Publication Date June 18, 2019
Submission Date September 21, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Aşık Z, Özen M. Meta-Analysis Steps and Reporting. TJFMPC. 2019;13(2):232-40.

English or Turkish manuscripts from authors with new knowledge to contribute to understanding and improving health and primary care are welcome.