BİRLİKTE DAHA GÜÇLÜ: COVID-19 SALGINI SIRASINDA AİLE İÇERİSİNDEKİ KORUYUCU FAKTÖRLERİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2023, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 178 - 187, 31.03.2023

Mehmet Aykut Erk , Sunay Fırat

https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1104657

Abstract

Amaç: COVID-19 salgını uzun süreli kısmi kapanma, tam kapanma ve normalleşme sürecinin başlaması, bireylerin yaşantılarının aile içerisinde aynı fiziksel ortamı sürekli paylaşma ile meydana gelen; sorunların daha çok tartışılması, var olan kronik hastalıkların süreçleri ile ilgili daha çok gözlemde bulunma ve aile içi rol çatışmaları gibi birçok stres faktörünü de gündeme getirmiştir. Çalışmamızda COVID-19 pandemisi koşullarında bireylerin, aile üyeleri ve aile bütünlükleri bakımından algıladıkları koruyucu etkenlerin birtakım değişkenlerce incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışma Çukurova Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Bölümü öğrencileri ile yapılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında “Sosyodemografik Veri Formu”, Ailedeki Koruyucu Etkenler Ölçeği (AKEÖ) kullanılmıştır. Veriler, öğrencilere “Google Formlar” aracılığı ile oluşturulmuş veri toplama araçlarının linkinin öğrenci sosyal medya gruplarına gönderilmesi yoluyla toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 79 (%25)’u erkek 237 (%75)’si kadın toplam 316 kişi katılmıştır. AKEÖ toplam puan ve alt puan ortalamaları cinsiyete göre incelendiğinde, kadınların ölçek toplam puan ortalamalarının anlamlı bir biçimde daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Geçim düzeyi algı gruplarında ise toplam puan ve SOSDES alt boyut puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonucuna göre; kadın olmanın, sosyoekonomik düzeyin daha iyi olmasının ve hem kronik hem de akut anlamda ruh sağlığı bakımından daha sağlıklı olanların aile içerisinde koruyucu faktörlere ilişkin algılarının diğerlerine kıyasla daha iyi olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak pandemi gibi birçok olumsuz yaşam olayları karşısında, aile içi ilişkileri düzenleyen olası sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerileri sunabilecek, “aile içi krize müdahale” ve birinci basamak tanı, tedavi, rehabilitasyon ve danışmanlık hizmetleri ile sağlığı geliştirici ve koruyucu hizmetleri veren Aile Sağlığı Merkezleri (ASM) gibi kuruluşların etkili bir biçimde faaliyet göstermesinin koruyucu olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

COVID-19 Pandemisi, Ailedeki Koruyucu Etkenler, Aile, Dayanıklılık, Yılmazlık

STRONGER TOGETHER: AN EXAMINATION OF FAMILIAL PROTECTIVE FACTORS DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK

Abstract

Objective: The stress-producing nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and the sanctions imposed for the protection of public health have affected all segments of society. In this process, many stress materials such as long-term partial closure, the beginning of the process of complete closure and recovery term let more discussion of the problems that occur with the continuous sharing of the same physical environment in the family, more observations about the processes of existing chronic diseases, and family role conflicts happened. In our study, it was aimed to examine the protective factors perceived by individuals in terms of family members and family integrity under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, by some variables. Methods: This study was conducted with Çukurova University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Department students. “Sociodemographic Data Form”, The Inventory of Family Protective Factors (IFPF) were used to collect the data. The data were collected by sending the link of the data collection tools created via "Google Forms" to the students’ social media groups. Results: A total of 316 individuals, 79 (25%) men and 237 (75%) women, participated in the study. When the IFPF total score and sub-score averages were analyzed according to gender; it was determined that the mean total score of the scale was significantly higher for the women. In the subsistence level perception groups, a statistically significant difference was found between the total score and the Social Support sub-dimension mean scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of our study, it was found that being female, having a better socioeconomic status and being healthier in terms of both chronic and acute mental health had better perceptions of protective factors within the family compared to others. As a result, Family Health Centers (FHC) that can offer solutions for possible problems that are regulating family relations in the face of many negative life events such as pandemics, also can provide "intervention to domestic crisis" and can serve for diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and counseling services, and health promotion and preventive services. It is thought that the effective functioning of such organizations may be protective.

Keywords

COVID-19 pandemic, Protective Factors, family, strength, resilience

References

• 1. Kasdi A, Saifudin S. Resilience of Muslim families in the pandemic era: Indonesian millennial muslim community's response against covid-19. Jurnal Penelitian 2020; 81-94.
• 2. Noor NM, Gandhi AD, Ishak I, Wok S. Development of Indicators for family well-being in malaysia, social ındicators research: an ınternational and ınterdisciplinary. Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer 2012; 115(1): 279–318.
• 3. Benard B, Marshall K. Protective factors in individuals, families, and schools: National longitudinal study on adolescent health findings. National Resilience Resource Center 2001: 1-6.
• 4. Gleason ET. A strengths-based approach to the social developmental study. Children & Schools 2007; 29(1): 51-59.
• 5. McCoy J. Family resiliency: Building strengths to meet life’s challenges. Iowa State University Extension and the National Network for Family Resiliency, 1995: 1-12.
• 6. Danisman IG, Köksal S. Ailedeki koruyucu etkenler ölçegi türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirligi. Turk Psikoloji Yazilari 2011; 14(28): 39.
• 7. McCubbin MA, McCubbin HI. Family coping with health crises: The resiliency model of family stress and adaptation. C. Danielson, B. Hamel-Bissel, P. Winstead-Fry, (Ed.), Families, health, and illness içinde. New York: Mosby; 1993; 21-63.
• 8. Statistics Canada. Canadian perspectives survey series 1: Impacts of covid-19; 2020. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/daily-quotidien/200408/dq200408ceng.pdf?st QdNFbXIA adresinden 08/04/2022 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
• 9. Hasanah VR, Boriboon G, Jubaedah Y, Wulandari H, Widiyanti IA. Analysis of The resilience conditions of ındividual, family, and community during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Nonformal Education 2021; 7(1): 94-102.
• 10. Herfinanda R, Puspitasari A, Rahmadian L, Kaloeti VS. Family resilience during the covid-19 pandemic: a systematic literature study. In Proceding of Inter-Islamic University Conference on Psychology 2021; 1(1): 1-11.
• 11. Yıldız NG. Covid-19 sürecinde ilişkilerinde sorun yaşayan çiftlere yönelik duygu odaklı aile danışmanlığı. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2020; 19(39): 1360-1383.
• 12. Gardner DL, Huber CH, Steiner R, Vazquez LA, Savage TA. The development and validation of the inventory of family protective factors: A brief assessment for family counseling. The Family Journal 2008; 16(2): 107-117.
• 13. İstatistiklerle Kadın, 2020. TUİK Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, file:///C:/Users/sunay/Downloads/%C4%B0statistiklerle_Kad%C4%B1n_05.03.2021.pdf adresinden 02/04/2022 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
• 14. Prime H, Wade M, Browne DT. Risk and resilience in family well-being during the covid-19 pandemic. The American Psychologist 2020; 75(5): 631-643.
• 15. Hu T, Zhang D, Wang J. A meta-analysis of the trait resilience and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences 2015; 76: 18-27.
• 16. Kumpfer KL. Factors and processes contributing to resilience: the resilience framework. In MD. Glantz, JL. Johnson (Eds.), Resilience and Development: Positive life adaptations New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 1999; 179-199.
• 17. Ramírez-Maestre C, Esteve R. The role of sex/gender in the experience of pain: resilience, fear, and acceptance as central variables in the adjustment of men and women with chronic pain. The Journal of Pain 2014; 15(6): 608-618.
• 18. De la Fuente J, Cardelle-Elawar M, Martínez-Vicente JM, Zapata L, Peralta FJ. Gender as a determining factor in the coping strategies and resilience of university students. In R. H. Haumann, & G. Zimmer (Eds.), Handbook of academic performance: Predictors, learning strategies and influences of gender Publisher: Nova Science Pub Inc; UK ed. Edition, 2013; 205-217.
• 19. Boardman JD, Blalock CL, Button TM. Sex differences in the heritability of resilience. Twin Research and Human Genetics 2008; 11(1): 12-27.
• 20. Miles A, Merrigan K. If we get food right, we get everything right. Honolulu Civil Beat, 2020; 1-9.
• 21. Özatay F, Sak G. Covid-19’un ekonomik sonuçlarını yönetebilmek için ne yapılabilir? TEPAV Politika Notu; 2020, https://www.tepav.org.tr/tr/yayin/s/1472 adresinden 04/04/2022 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
• 22. Sarrasin O, Green EG, Potarca G, Bolzman C, Kuhn U. (2019). Feeling blue by extension: Intrafamily transmission and economic pressures explain the native-immigrant gap in well-being among youth in Switzerland. Social Inclusion 2019; 7(4): 293-303.
• 23. Sunarti E, Prayitno SW, Ramadhan DA. Family resilience in the first month of covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. department of family and consumer sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University 2020; 1.
• 24. Li S, Xu Q. Family support as a protective factor for attitudes toward social distancing and in preserving positive mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Health Psychology 2022; 27(4): 858-867.
• 25. Faccio F, Renzi C, Giudice AV, Pravettoni G. Family resilience in the oncology setting: development of an integrative framework. Front. Psychol. 2018; 9:666: 1-6.
• 26. García-Álvarez L, de la Fuente-Tomás L, García-Portilla MP, Sáiz PA, Lacasa CM, Dal Santo F, ...Bobes J. Early psychological impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic and lockdown in a large Spanish sample. Journal of Global Health 2020; 10(2): 1-15.
• 27. Brivio E, Guiddi P, Scotto L, Giudice AV, Pettini G, Busacchio D, ...Pravettoni G. Patients living with breast cancer during the coronavirus pandemic: the role of family resilience, coping flexibility, and locus of control on affective responses. Frontiers in Psychology 2021; 11: 3711