Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Pyriproxyfen Insecticide on Allium cepa Somatic Chromosomes with Mitotic Activity, Chromosome Abnormality and Micronucleus Frequency

Year 2016, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 65 - 69, 29.12.2016

Abstract

In this study, the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of pyriproxyfen insecticide was evaluated by investigating mitotic index and phase, chromosomal abnormalities, and micronucleus proportion on root tip cells of Allium cepa L. The root types were applied to 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 ppm test solutions within 12, 24 and 36 h. Mitotic index was markedly lessened with increasing pyriproxyfen in each treatment group as compared to the controls. The percentages of mitotic phases have been meaningfully impacted. Pyriproxyfen noticeably heightened the anomaly cell ratio in most of the utilized solutions and application periods when compare to control. Mitotic abnormalities were determined as sticky, disturbed prophase, c-mitosis, chromatid bridges and laggards. Furthermore, micronucleus frequency was calculated at interphase.

References

  • Badr A. 1983. Mitodepressive and chromotoxic activities of two herbicides in A. cepa. Cytologia, 48: 451-457.
  • Coskun Y, Kilic S, Duran RE. 2015. The effects of the insecticide pyriproxyfen on germination, development and growth responses of maize seedlings. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24: 278-284.
  • EPA. 1999. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Policy on a common mechanism of action: the organophosphate pesticides. Fed. Register, 64, pp. 5795–5799.
  • Fiskesjö G. 1985. The Allium test as a standard in environmental monitoring. Hereditas, 112: 99-112.
  • Gebel T, Kevekordes S, Pav K, Edenharder R, Dunkelberg H. 1997. In vivo genotoxicity of selected herbicides in the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test. Arch Toxicol, 71: 193-197.
  • Grant WF. 1994. The present status of higher plant bioassays for the detection of environmental mutagens. Mutat Res, 310: 175-185.
  • Ishaaya I, Horowitz AR. 1995. Pyriproxyfen, a novel insect growth regulator for controlling whiteflies: mechanisms and resistance management. Pesticide Science, 43: 227-232.
  • Karaismailoglu MC, Inceer H, Hayırlıoglu-Ayaz S. 2013. Effects of quizalofop-p-ethyl herbicide on the somatic chromosomes of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower). Ekoloji, 22: 49-56.
  • Karaismailoglu MC. 2013. Deltamethrin ve quizalofop-p-etil pestisitlerinin Helianthus annuus L. (Ayçiçeği) kök ucu hücreleri üzerine mutajenik etkilerinin araştırılması [MSc Thesis]. Trabzon: Karadeniz Technical University.
  • Karaismailoglu MC. 2014a. Investigation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Artemisia annua methanol extract with the Allium test. Ekoloji, 23: 64-74.
  • Karaismailoglu MC. 2014b. Evaluation of potential genotoxic effect of trifluralin in Helianthus annuus L. (Sunflower). Caryologia, 67: 216-221.
  • Karaismailoglu MC. 2015. Investigation of the potential toxic effects of prometryne herbicide on Allium cepa root tip cells with mitotic activity, chromosome aberration, micronucleus frequency, nuclear DNA amount and comet assay. Caryologia, 68: 323-329.
  • Khadra A, Pinelli E, Lacroix MZ, Bousquet-Melou A, Hamdi H, Merlina G, Guiresse M, Hafidi M. 2012. Assessment of the genotoxicity of quinolone and fluoroquinolones contaminated soil with the Vicia faba micronucleus test. Ecotoxicol Environ Safe, 76:187-192.
  • Liman R, Cigerci IH, Akyıl D, Eren Y, Konuk M. 2011. Determination of genotoxicity of fenaminosulf by Allium and comet tests. Pesticide Biochem Physiol, 99: 61-64.
  • [MARA] Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs (Turkey). 2009. General directorate of protection and control; plant protection products. Ankara: Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs of Republic of Turkey.
  • Mercykutty VC, Stephen J. 1980. Adriamycin induced genetic toxicity as demonstrated by Allium cepa test. Cytologia, 45: 769-777.
  • Panda BB, Sahu UK. 1985. Induction of abnormal spindle function and cytokinesis inhibition in mitotic cells of Allium cepa by the organophosphorus insecticide fensulfothion. Cytobios, 42: 147-155.
  • Ping KY, Darah I, Yusuf UK, Yeng C, Sasidharan S. 2012. Genotoxicity of Euphorbia hirta: an Allium cepa assay. Molecules, 17: 7782-7791.
  • Shehab AS, Adam ZM. 1983. Cytological effects of medicinal plants in Qatar III. Mitotic effect of water extract of Anastatica hierochuntico L. on Allium cepa. Cytologia, 48: 343-348.
  • SPSS Inc. Released 2008. SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
  • Turkoglu S. 2009. Genotoxic effects of mono-, di-, and trisodium phosphate on mitotic activity DNA content, and nuclear volume in Allium cepa L. Caryologia, 62: 171-179.

Pyriproxyfen İnsektisitinin Allium cepa Somatik Kromozomları Üzerinde Mitotik Aktivite, Kromozom Anormallikleri ve Mikroçekirdek Sıklığıyla Genotoksik ve Sitotoksik Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2016, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 65 - 69, 29.12.2016

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, pyriproxyfen insektisitinin genotoksik ve sitotoksik etkileri Allium cepa’nın kök hücreleri üzerinde mitotic indeks ve faz, kromozomal anormallikler ve mikroçekirdek oranının araştırılmasıyla değerlendirildi. Kök örneklerine 0.25, 0.5, 1 ve 2 ppm test solüsyonları 12, 24 ve 36 saat uygulandı. Mitotik indeks her test grubunda artan pyriproxyfen konsantrasyonlarıyla kontroller ile karşılaştırıldığında açık bir şekilde düşürüldü. Mitotik faz oranları önemli bir şekilde etkilendi. Pyriproxyfen dikkate değer seviyede kullanılan test solusyonlarında ve uygulama periyotlarında kontrol grupları ile karşılaştırıldığında anormal hücre oranını arttırdı. Mitotik anormallikler yapışık kromozom, düzensiz profaz, c-mitoz, kromatid köprüleri ve geri kalan kromozom olarak belirlendi. Ayrıca, mikroçekirdek sıklığı interfazda hesaplandı.

References

  • Badr A. 1983. Mitodepressive and chromotoxic activities of two herbicides in A. cepa. Cytologia, 48: 451-457.
  • Coskun Y, Kilic S, Duran RE. 2015. The effects of the insecticide pyriproxyfen on germination, development and growth responses of maize seedlings. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24: 278-284.
  • EPA. 1999. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Policy on a common mechanism of action: the organophosphate pesticides. Fed. Register, 64, pp. 5795–5799.
  • Fiskesjö G. 1985. The Allium test as a standard in environmental monitoring. Hereditas, 112: 99-112.
  • Gebel T, Kevekordes S, Pav K, Edenharder R, Dunkelberg H. 1997. In vivo genotoxicity of selected herbicides in the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test. Arch Toxicol, 71: 193-197.
  • Grant WF. 1994. The present status of higher plant bioassays for the detection of environmental mutagens. Mutat Res, 310: 175-185.
  • Ishaaya I, Horowitz AR. 1995. Pyriproxyfen, a novel insect growth regulator for controlling whiteflies: mechanisms and resistance management. Pesticide Science, 43: 227-232.
  • Karaismailoglu MC, Inceer H, Hayırlıoglu-Ayaz S. 2013. Effects of quizalofop-p-ethyl herbicide on the somatic chromosomes of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower). Ekoloji, 22: 49-56.
  • Karaismailoglu MC. 2013. Deltamethrin ve quizalofop-p-etil pestisitlerinin Helianthus annuus L. (Ayçiçeği) kök ucu hücreleri üzerine mutajenik etkilerinin araştırılması [MSc Thesis]. Trabzon: Karadeniz Technical University.
  • Karaismailoglu MC. 2014a. Investigation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Artemisia annua methanol extract with the Allium test. Ekoloji, 23: 64-74.
  • Karaismailoglu MC. 2014b. Evaluation of potential genotoxic effect of trifluralin in Helianthus annuus L. (Sunflower). Caryologia, 67: 216-221.
  • Karaismailoglu MC. 2015. Investigation of the potential toxic effects of prometryne herbicide on Allium cepa root tip cells with mitotic activity, chromosome aberration, micronucleus frequency, nuclear DNA amount and comet assay. Caryologia, 68: 323-329.
  • Khadra A, Pinelli E, Lacroix MZ, Bousquet-Melou A, Hamdi H, Merlina G, Guiresse M, Hafidi M. 2012. Assessment of the genotoxicity of quinolone and fluoroquinolones contaminated soil with the Vicia faba micronucleus test. Ecotoxicol Environ Safe, 76:187-192.
  • Liman R, Cigerci IH, Akyıl D, Eren Y, Konuk M. 2011. Determination of genotoxicity of fenaminosulf by Allium and comet tests. Pesticide Biochem Physiol, 99: 61-64.
  • [MARA] Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs (Turkey). 2009. General directorate of protection and control; plant protection products. Ankara: Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs of Republic of Turkey.
  • Mercykutty VC, Stephen J. 1980. Adriamycin induced genetic toxicity as demonstrated by Allium cepa test. Cytologia, 45: 769-777.
  • Panda BB, Sahu UK. 1985. Induction of abnormal spindle function and cytokinesis inhibition in mitotic cells of Allium cepa by the organophosphorus insecticide fensulfothion. Cytobios, 42: 147-155.
  • Ping KY, Darah I, Yusuf UK, Yeng C, Sasidharan S. 2012. Genotoxicity of Euphorbia hirta: an Allium cepa assay. Molecules, 17: 7782-7791.
  • Shehab AS, Adam ZM. 1983. Cytological effects of medicinal plants in Qatar III. Mitotic effect of water extract of Anastatica hierochuntico L. on Allium cepa. Cytologia, 48: 343-348.
  • SPSS Inc. Released 2008. SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
  • Turkoglu S. 2009. Genotoxic effects of mono-, di-, and trisodium phosphate on mitotic activity DNA content, and nuclear volume in Allium cepa L. Caryologia, 62: 171-179.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section 2016-Articles
Authors

Mehmet Cengiz Karaismailoğlu This is me

Publication Date December 29, 2016
Acceptance Date December 9, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Karaismailoğlu, M. C. (2016). The Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Pyriproxyfen Insecticide on Allium cepa Somatic Chromosomes with Mitotic Activity, Chromosome Abnormality and Micronucleus Frequency. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences, 1(2), 65-69.
AMA Karaismailoğlu MC. The Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Pyriproxyfen Insecticide on Allium cepa Somatic Chromosomes with Mitotic Activity, Chromosome Abnormality and Micronucleus Frequency. TJLS. December 2016;1(2):65-69.
Chicago Karaismailoğlu, Mehmet Cengiz. “The Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Pyriproxyfen Insecticide on Allium Cepa Somatic Chromosomes With Mitotic Activity, Chromosome Abnormality and Micronucleus Frequency”. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 2016): 65-69.
EndNote Karaismailoğlu MC (December 1, 2016) The Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Pyriproxyfen Insecticide on Allium cepa Somatic Chromosomes with Mitotic Activity, Chromosome Abnormality and Micronucleus Frequency. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences 1 2 65–69.
IEEE M. C. Karaismailoğlu, “The Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Pyriproxyfen Insecticide on Allium cepa Somatic Chromosomes with Mitotic Activity, Chromosome Abnormality and Micronucleus Frequency”, TJLS, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 65–69, 2016.
ISNAD Karaismailoğlu, Mehmet Cengiz. “The Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Pyriproxyfen Insecticide on Allium Cepa Somatic Chromosomes With Mitotic Activity, Chromosome Abnormality and Micronucleus Frequency”. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences 1/2 (December 2016), 65-69.
JAMA Karaismailoğlu MC. The Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Pyriproxyfen Insecticide on Allium cepa Somatic Chromosomes with Mitotic Activity, Chromosome Abnormality and Micronucleus Frequency. TJLS. 2016;1:65–69.
MLA Karaismailoğlu, Mehmet Cengiz. “The Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Pyriproxyfen Insecticide on Allium Cepa Somatic Chromosomes With Mitotic Activity, Chromosome Abnormality and Micronucleus Frequency”. Turkish Journal of Life Sciences, vol. 1, no. 2, 2016, pp. 65-69.
Vancouver Karaismailoğlu MC. The Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Pyriproxyfen Insecticide on Allium cepa Somatic Chromosomes with Mitotic Activity, Chromosome Abnormality and Micronucleus Frequency. TJLS. 2016;1(2):65-9.