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The interplay between enforcement, tickets issued, and traffic safety in Turkey: Analyses of 2008-2012

Year 2015, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 193 - 205, 04.02.2016
https://doi.org/10.20518/thsd.11797

Abstract

Objective: Based on psychological deterrence and learning theory, traffic enforcement aims to secure full compliance to the traffic laws and regulations. This study aims to examine the effects of traffic enforcement, and tickets (fines) issued for violations, number of traffic crashes, injuries and fatalities in Turkey. Methods: Data included the records of enforcement, tickets, and various outcomes of traffic accidents from 81 Turkish Providences for the years between 2008 and 2012. First, the indicators of traffic safety consisting of the number of enforcement acts, tickets issued, accidents, injuries, and fatalities per 100.000 vehicles were calculated, and then the correlations between the major variables were examined. Results: Of the traffic safety indicators, the number of tickets issued for violations had stronger effects than the number of enforcements on traffic safety. Enforcements targeting driving under the influence of alcohol had the highest number of significant correlations with the indicators of traffic safety. Enforcement for the speed limits and seat belt were also effective in decreasing traffic fatalities and crashes. Overall, the magnitude of significant correlations was around -0,30, suggesting that enforcement and/or tickets reduce the accident risk by about 10% in Turkey. Conclusion: Both overall and year-by-year analyses demonstrated that the number of enforcements and tickets issued were significantly and negatively correlated with various indicators of road crashes.

References

  • WHO (World Health Organization). WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013: Supporting a Decade of Action [online]. WHO Press; 2014 [cited 2015 http://www.who.int/violence_injury_pr evention/road_safety_status/2013/repo rt/en/. Accesed March 19, 2013. at:
  • IRTAD (International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group). Road Safety Annual Report 2013 [online]. IRTAD Press; http://www.internationaltransportforu m.org/pub/pdf/13IrtadReport.pdf. Accessed February 19, 2015. at:
  • Sümer N, Kaygısız Ö. Trafik kazalarında Türkiye’nin Dünya’daki yeri. Ankara Trafik 2014;52(12):4-9. Trafik Dergisi
  • TUİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). Karayolu trafik istatistikleri, 2013 [online]. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBulten leri.do?id=18510. Accessed February 19, 2015. at:
  • ETSC (European Transport Safety Council). Traffic Law Enforcement in the EU: An Overview [online]. ETSC Press; 2006. http://archive.etsc.eu/documents/Traff ic_Law_Enforcement_in_the_EU_An_Over view_May_2006_ETSC.pdf. February 19, 2015. at: Accessed
  • Porter BE. Enforcement. In: Porter BE, editor. Handbook of Traffic Psychology. Washington, Elsevier; 2011. p.441-453.
  • ETSC (European Transport Safety Council). Police Enforcement Strategies to Reduce Traffic Casualties in Europe [online]. ETSC Press; 1999 Available at: Accessed February 19, 2015.
  • Elvik R, Vaa T, Erke A, Sorensen M, editors. The Handbook of Road Safety Measures. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing; 2009.
  • Sümer N. Trafik kazalarında sosyal psikolojik etmenler: sürücü davranışları, becerileri ve sosyal politik çevre. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları 2002;5:1-36.
  • Zaidel, D. M. The impact of enforcement on accidents [online]. The ‘Escape” Project (Enhanced Safety Coming from Appropriate Police Enforcement) Press; 2002. http://virtual.vtt.fi/virtual/proj6/escap e/escape_d3.pdf. Accessed February 19, 2015. at:
  • Wells JK, Preusser DF, Williams AF. Enforcing alcohol-impaired driving and seat belt use laws, Binghamton, NY. J Safety Res 1992;23(2):63-71.
  • ICF Consulting. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Road Safety Improvements [online]. ICF Consulting Press; 2003. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/roadsafe ty_library/publications/icf_final_report. pdf. Accessed February 19, 2015.
  • Delice M. Hız, alkol ve genel trafik denetimlerinin üzerindeki Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 2012;16(2):27-44.
  • Voas RB, Tippetts AS, Fell J. The relationship of alcohol safety laws to drinking drivers in fatal crashes. Accid Anal Prev 2000;32(4):483-492.
  • Peek-Asa C. The effect of random alcohol screening in reducing motor vehicle crash injuries. Am J Prev Med 1999;16(1):57-67.
  • Shults RA, Elder RW, Sleet DA, et al. Reviews of evidence regarding ınterventions ımpaired driving. Am J Prev Med 2001;21(4):66-88. reduce alcohol
  • Evans L. Traffic Safety and the Driver. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Press, 1991.
  • Williams AF, Reinfurt D, Wells JK. Increasing seat belt use in North Carolina. J Safety Res 1996;27(1):33-41.
  • Salzberg PM, Moffat JM. Ninety five percent: an evaluation of law, policy, and programs to promote seat belt use in Washington State. J Safety Res 2004;35(2):215-222.
  • Dinh-Zarr TB, Sleet DA, Shults RA, et al. Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to increase the use of safety 2001;21(4):48-65. J Prev Med
  • WHO (World Health Organization). Road safety in Turkey [online]. Available at: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_pr evention/road_traffic/countrywork/tur key/en/ Accessed February 19, 2015.
  • Blais É, Gagné MP. The effect on Collisions with Injuries of a Reduction in Traffic Citations Issued by Police Officers. Inj Prev 2010;16(6):393-397. 23. De Waard D, Rooijers T. An Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Different Methods and İntensities of Law Enforcement on Driving Speed on Motorways. Accid Anal Prev 1994;26(6):751-765.
  • Demirel B, Demircan A, Akar T, et al. Ülkemizde Trafik Kazalarında Ölenlerin Gerçek Sayısı Nedir? Pamukkale Tıp Dergisi 2010;3(2):70-76.
  • WHO (World Health Organization). Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health [online]. WHO Press; 2011. Available at: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publ ications/global_alcohol_report/msbgsruprof iles.pdf. Accessed February 19, 2015.

Türkiye’de denetleme, cezalar ve trafik güvenliği göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiler: 2008-2012 yılları analizi

Year 2015, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 193 - 205, 04.02.2016
https://doi.org/10.20518/thsd.11797

Abstract

Amaç: Trafik denetiminin amacı, psikolojik caydırma ve öğrenme kuramı ilkelerine dayalı olarak yollarda trafik kurallarına ve düzenlemelerine tam uyumu sağlamaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de trafik denetimlerinin ve cezaların trafik kazaları, yaralanmaları ve ölümleri ile ilişkisini incelenmektir. Yöntem: Çalışmada 2008-2012 dönemine ait 81 ilin trafik denetleme, ceza ve kaza verileri kullanılmıştır. Bu amaçla, 81 ilde söz konusu dönemde araç başına düşen denetleme, ceza, kaza, yaralı ve ölümlere ilişkin trafik güvenliği göstergeleri hesaplanmış ve ilgili değişkenler arasındaki korelasyonlar incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Kaza, yaralanma ve ölüm oranın azaltılmasında, ceza sayısının denetim sayısından daha etkili olduğu gözlenmiştir. Denetim türleri arasında en yüksek düzeyde negatif anlamlı ilişki alkol denetimleri ile kaza riskine ilişkin çeşitli değişkenler arasında bulunmuştur. Emniyet kemeri ve aşırı hız denetimleri de trafikteki ölüm, yaralanma ve kazaları azaltmada anlamlı etkiye sahiptir. Genel olarak denetim/ceza ile trafik kazaları, ölümleri ve yaralanmaları arasındaki korelasyonlar -0,30 civarındadır. Bu da denetleme ve/veya ceza sayısının Türkiye’de kazaları %10 düzeyinde azalttığına işaret etmektedir. Sonuç: Hem beş yıllık toplamda, hem de yıllar bazında, trafik denetimlerinin ve cezalarının başta ölü, yaralı ve kaza sayısı olmak üzere, farklı trafik güvenliği göstergeleriyle negatif yönde ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur.

References

  • WHO (World Health Organization). WHO Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013: Supporting a Decade of Action [online]. WHO Press; 2014 [cited 2015 http://www.who.int/violence_injury_pr evention/road_safety_status/2013/repo rt/en/. Accesed March 19, 2013. at:
  • IRTAD (International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group). Road Safety Annual Report 2013 [online]. IRTAD Press; http://www.internationaltransportforu m.org/pub/pdf/13IrtadReport.pdf. Accessed February 19, 2015. at:
  • Sümer N, Kaygısız Ö. Trafik kazalarında Türkiye’nin Dünya’daki yeri. Ankara Trafik 2014;52(12):4-9. Trafik Dergisi
  • TUİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). Karayolu trafik istatistikleri, 2013 [online]. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBulten leri.do?id=18510. Accessed February 19, 2015. at:
  • ETSC (European Transport Safety Council). Traffic Law Enforcement in the EU: An Overview [online]. ETSC Press; 2006. http://archive.etsc.eu/documents/Traff ic_Law_Enforcement_in_the_EU_An_Over view_May_2006_ETSC.pdf. February 19, 2015. at: Accessed
  • Porter BE. Enforcement. In: Porter BE, editor. Handbook of Traffic Psychology. Washington, Elsevier; 2011. p.441-453.
  • ETSC (European Transport Safety Council). Police Enforcement Strategies to Reduce Traffic Casualties in Europe [online]. ETSC Press; 1999 Available at: Accessed February 19, 2015.
  • Elvik R, Vaa T, Erke A, Sorensen M, editors. The Handbook of Road Safety Measures. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing; 2009.
  • Sümer N. Trafik kazalarında sosyal psikolojik etmenler: sürücü davranışları, becerileri ve sosyal politik çevre. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları 2002;5:1-36.
  • Zaidel, D. M. The impact of enforcement on accidents [online]. The ‘Escape” Project (Enhanced Safety Coming from Appropriate Police Enforcement) Press; 2002. http://virtual.vtt.fi/virtual/proj6/escap e/escape_d3.pdf. Accessed February 19, 2015. at:
  • Wells JK, Preusser DF, Williams AF. Enforcing alcohol-impaired driving and seat belt use laws, Binghamton, NY. J Safety Res 1992;23(2):63-71.
  • ICF Consulting. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Road Safety Improvements [online]. ICF Consulting Press; 2003. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/roadsafe ty_library/publications/icf_final_report. pdf. Accessed February 19, 2015.
  • Delice M. Hız, alkol ve genel trafik denetimlerinin üzerindeki Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 2012;16(2):27-44.
  • Voas RB, Tippetts AS, Fell J. The relationship of alcohol safety laws to drinking drivers in fatal crashes. Accid Anal Prev 2000;32(4):483-492.
  • Peek-Asa C. The effect of random alcohol screening in reducing motor vehicle crash injuries. Am J Prev Med 1999;16(1):57-67.
  • Shults RA, Elder RW, Sleet DA, et al. Reviews of evidence regarding ınterventions ımpaired driving. Am J Prev Med 2001;21(4):66-88. reduce alcohol
  • Evans L. Traffic Safety and the Driver. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Press, 1991.
  • Williams AF, Reinfurt D, Wells JK. Increasing seat belt use in North Carolina. J Safety Res 1996;27(1):33-41.
  • Salzberg PM, Moffat JM. Ninety five percent: an evaluation of law, policy, and programs to promote seat belt use in Washington State. J Safety Res 2004;35(2):215-222.
  • Dinh-Zarr TB, Sleet DA, Shults RA, et al. Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to increase the use of safety 2001;21(4):48-65. J Prev Med
  • WHO (World Health Organization). Road safety in Turkey [online]. Available at: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_pr evention/road_traffic/countrywork/tur key/en/ Accessed February 19, 2015.
  • Blais É, Gagné MP. The effect on Collisions with Injuries of a Reduction in Traffic Citations Issued by Police Officers. Inj Prev 2010;16(6):393-397. 23. De Waard D, Rooijers T. An Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Different Methods and İntensities of Law Enforcement on Driving Speed on Motorways. Accid Anal Prev 1994;26(6):751-765.
  • Demirel B, Demircan A, Akar T, et al. Ülkemizde Trafik Kazalarında Ölenlerin Gerçek Sayısı Nedir? Pamukkale Tıp Dergisi 2010;3(2):70-76.
  • WHO (World Health Organization). Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health [online]. WHO Press; 2011. Available at: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publ ications/global_alcohol_report/msbgsruprof iles.pdf. Accessed February 19, 2015.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Nebi Sümer This is me

Ömür Kaygısız

Publication Date February 4, 2016
Submission Date February 4, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 13 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Sümer, N., & Kaygısız, Ö. (2016). Türkiye’de denetleme, cezalar ve trafik güvenliği göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiler: 2008-2012 yılları analizi. Turkish Journal of Public Health, 13(3), 193-205. https://doi.org/10.20518/thsd.11797
AMA Sümer N, Kaygısız Ö. Türkiye’de denetleme, cezalar ve trafik güvenliği göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiler: 2008-2012 yılları analizi. TJPH. February 2016;13(3):193-205. doi:10.20518/thsd.11797
Chicago Sümer, Nebi, and Ömür Kaygısız. “Türkiye’de Denetleme, Cezalar Ve Trafik güvenliği göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiler: 2008-2012 yılları Analizi”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 13, no. 3 (February 2016): 193-205. https://doi.org/10.20518/thsd.11797.
EndNote Sümer N, Kaygısız Ö (February 1, 2016) Türkiye’de denetleme, cezalar ve trafik güvenliği göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiler: 2008-2012 yılları analizi. Turkish Journal of Public Health 13 3 193–205.
IEEE N. Sümer and Ö. Kaygısız, “Türkiye’de denetleme, cezalar ve trafik güvenliği göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiler: 2008-2012 yılları analizi”, TJPH, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 193–205, 2016, doi: 10.20518/thsd.11797.
ISNAD Sümer, Nebi - Kaygısız, Ömür. “Türkiye’de Denetleme, Cezalar Ve Trafik güvenliği göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiler: 2008-2012 yılları Analizi”. Turkish Journal of Public Health 13/3 (February 2016), 193-205. https://doi.org/10.20518/thsd.11797.
JAMA Sümer N, Kaygısız Ö. Türkiye’de denetleme, cezalar ve trafik güvenliği göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiler: 2008-2012 yılları analizi. TJPH. 2016;13:193–205.
MLA Sümer, Nebi and Ömür Kaygısız. “Türkiye’de Denetleme, Cezalar Ve Trafik güvenliği göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiler: 2008-2012 yılları Analizi”. Turkish Journal of Public Health, vol. 13, no. 3, 2016, pp. 193-05, doi:10.20518/thsd.11797.
Vancouver Sümer N, Kaygısız Ö. Türkiye’de denetleme, cezalar ve trafik güvenliği göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiler: 2008-2012 yılları analizi. TJPH. 2016;13(3):193-205.

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