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BREXİT İLE 2019 SEÇİMLERİNİN ARDINDAN AVRUPA PARLAMENTOSU’NDA YAPISAL VE POLİTİK DEĞİŞİM

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 9, 156 - 175, 25.02.2021
https://doi.org/10.30520/tjsosci.869220

Abstract

Seçimle oluşturulan tek Avrupa Birliği kurumu olan Avrupa Parlamentosu’nda en son seçimler 22-24 Mayıs 2019’da yapılmıştır. Brexit sürecinde yapılan seçimlerde; seçim öncesi gündemde Brexit tartışmaları, aşırı sağın güçlenmesi, göç sorunu, ekonomik sorunlar, üye devletlerin Birlik kurallarına aykırı tutumları ile çeşitli toplumsal hareketler öne çıkmıştır. Bu gelişmelerin Avrupa Parlamentosu’na nasıl yansıyacağı bütünleşmenin geleceği açısından 2019 seçimlerini önemli kılmaktadır. Çalışmada katılım boyutu, politika değişiklikleri ve ortak politika öncelikleri açısından 2019 seçimleri incelenmiş, oluşan tablo değişim süreci açısından değerlendirilmiştir. İlk defa katılım oranının arttığı bu seçimlerde, merkez sağ ve merkez sol çoğunluğunu kaybederken, politika tercihleri Liberaller, Yeşiller ve Aşırı sağa kaymış, Parlamentoda aşırı sağı temsil eden bir siyasi grup kurulmuştur. Brexit kararının ve genç nüfusun artan katılımdaki etkisi Avrupa Birliği’ne desteğin göstergesi olurken, İngiltere’nin 31 Ocak 2020’de Birlikten ayrılması Parlamentodaki dengeyi de değiştirmiştir.

References

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  • Bouwen, P. (2004), The Logic of Access to the European Parliament: Business Lobbying in the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, Journal of Common Market Studies, 42(3), 473-495.
  • Butler, I.J. (2008), Non-governmental Organisation Participation in the EU Law-Making Process: The Example of Social Non-governmental Organisations at the Commission, Parliament and Council, European Law Journal 14(5), 558-582.
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  • Foret, F. (2014), Democratic Representation and Religion.Differences and Convergences Between the European Parliament and the US House of Representatives, Working Paper, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Research Paper, 2014/58, European University Institute.
  • Frantescu, D. P. (2015), Values Topple Nationality in the EuropeanParliament, European View, No: 14, 101-110.
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  • Hix, S., Hoyland, B. (2013), Empowerment of the European Parliament, Annual Reviews of Politicial Science, Volume 16,171-189.
  • https://ecrgroup.eu/vision_for_europe, (Erişim tarihi: 04.05.2020).
  • https://ecrgroup.eu/campaigns, (Erişim tarihi: 04.05.2020).
  • https:// www.guengl.eu/ about-the-group/, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.04.2020).
  • https://www.guengl.eu/what-we-stand-for/, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.04.2020).
  • https://www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu/what-we-stand-for, (Erişim tarihi 05.05.2020).
  • Huet, N. (2019, June 13), Nationalism in the EU has a new name: ‘Identy and Democracy’, https://www.euronews.com/2019/06/13/.
  • Introductuion, (2020), https://www.europarl.europa.eu/ committees/ en/ about/ introduction. (Erişim Tarihi: 03.04.2020).
  • Jacobs F., Best E. (2004), The European Parliament Ready for the Future? The Impact of Enlargement on the European Parliament, EİPA Scope, Vol. 3, 14-19.
  • Jacops, F., Corbett, R., Shackleton, M. (2011), The European Parliament, London: John Harper Publishing.
  • Judge, D., Earnshaw, D. (2008), The European Parliament, Second Edition, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Karaca, K. (2015, Haziran 16), AP’de aşırı sağcı grup kuruldu, https:// www. dw.com /tr/apde-a %C5 %9F %C4 %B1r %C4%B1.
  • Lehne S., Grabbe, H., (2018, December 11). 2019 European Parliament Elections will Change the EU’s Political Dynamics, Carnegie Europe, https: // carnegieeurope .eu / 2018 /12 /11.
  • List of Committees, (2020). https://www.europarl.europa.eu/ committees/ en/about/list-of-committees, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.08.2020).
  • MEPs by Member State and Political Group, (2020), https:// www.europarl europa.eu meps/en search/able, (Erişim tarihi: 02. 05.2020).
  • Morgan, M., Steed,M. (2003), Choice and Representation in EU, London: Federal Trust For Education &Research.
  • Nedergaard, P. , Jensen, M.D. (2014), The Anatomy of Intergroups-network governance ın the Political Engine Room of the European Parliament, Policy Studies, 35 (2), 192-209.
  • Neuhold, C. (2001), The 'Legislative Backbone' Keeping the Institution Upright? The Role of European Parliament Committees in the EU Policy-Making Process, European Integration (ELoP), Vol.5, No.10, http: //dx.doi.org /10.2139/ssrn.302785.
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  • Parliament group priorities: Identity and Democracy, (2019), https://www .europarl.europa.eu/ news /en/ headlines /eu-affairs, (Erişim tarihi: 04.05. 2020).
  • Poptcheva E.M. (2015), Rules on Political Groups in the EP, https:// www.europarl. europa.eu /Reg Data/etudes/ BRIE/2015/559516/ EPRS_BRI(2015) 559516 EN. pdf, (Erişim Tarihi:19.05.2020).
  • Poyraz, H.M., Güngörmez O., Kavukçu F. O., (2019), Aşırı Sağ ve Brexit’in Gölgesinde 2019 Avrupa Parlamentosu Seçimleri, https://setav.org/assets/uploads, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.05. 2020).
  • Public Opinion Monitoring at a Glance (2019), The European Parliament and the expectations of European citizens, Plenary-April 2019, https:// www. europarl. europa.eu/at-your-service/files/be-heard/eurobarometer, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.05. 2019).
  • Redistribution of seats in the European Parliament after Brexit, (2020), https:// www europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room, (Erişim Tarihi :09.05.2020).
  • Smyth, P. (2019, Feb 28). Europe must decide what to do about Hungary’s Viktor Orbán, https://www.irishtimes.com/news.
  • Tanasescu, I. (2009). The European Commission and Interest Groups:Towards a Deliberative Interpretation of Stakeholder Involvement ın EU Policy-making, Institute for European Studies (IES), Brussels: Brussels University Pres.
  • The İntergroups of the European Parliament, (2020), https ://www .europarl. europa. eu/ about-parliament/en/organisation and rules /organisation / intergroups, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.05. 2020).
  • The Political groups of the European Parliament, (2020), https:// www.europarl. europa.eu about-parliament/en/organisation-and rules /organisation/political-groups (Erişim Tarihi: 01.5.2020).
  • Toubeau, S. (2019, February 8), France and Italy: a deeper rift over Europe lies behind the current crisis, https:// theconversation. com. Tömmel, I. (2014), The European Union, New York: Palgreve Macmillan.
  • Turnout, (2020), https://www.europarl.europa.eu/elections2014-results/en/ turnout.html (Erişim Tarihi: 22.04.2020).
  • Turnout by Country, (2020), https://europarl.europa.eu/election-results-2019/en/turnout/, (Erişim Tarihi: 23.04. 2020).
  • Vatandaş, S. (2019, Mayıs 31), 2019 Yılı Avrupa Parlamentosu Seçimleri ve Türkiye, https://insamer.com /tr.
  • Yılmaz, M. (2018, Ocak 4), Macaristan’dan AB’ye Polonya Tepkisi. https:// www. aa.com. tr/ tr/dunya.
  • Yiğit, D. (2019, Mayıs 28), Avrupa Parlamentosu Seçim Sonuçları ve Brexit, http:// soyledik.com/tr/makale /7890.
  • Yurdanova, N. (2013) , Organising the European Parliament, UK:ECPR Pres.
  • Zalc, J., Becuwe, N., Buruıan A., (2019), The 2019 Post-Electoral Survey Have European Electıons Entered A New Dımensıon?, https://www.europarl. europa. eu/atyourservice /files/beheard/eurobarometer, (ErişimTarihi: 22.04.2020).
Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 9, 156 - 175, 25.02.2021
https://doi.org/10.30520/tjsosci.869220

Abstract

References

  • AB Genel Sekreterliği. (2011), Avrupa Birliği Antlaşması ve Avrupa Birliği'nin İşleyişi Hakkında Antlaşma, Ankara: TC Başbakanlık.
  • About Greens/Efa, (2020), https://www.greens-efa.eu, (Erişim tarihi: 06.05.2020).
  • Adams, D. (2019, Juin 28), Identity and Democracy Group: United on the Outside, Divided on the Inside?, https://www.eu-logos.org/ 2019 /06/28.
  • Alan, G. (2018, Kasım 21), AB Komisyonu İtalya'nın 2019 bütçesini yine reddetti; mali yaptırım yolu açıldı, https://tr. euronews. com/.
  • Avrupa Parlamentosu Rehberi, (2020), Siyasi Parti Grupları, http://www. bbc.co.uk /turkish /specials /1411_eu_parliament/ page4. shtml, (Erişim Tarihi:14.5.2020).
  • Bağcı, M. (2010), Avrupa Parlamentosu Seçimlerine Düşük Katılımın Nedenleri, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul: Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi.
  • Bouwen, P. (2004), The Logic of Access to the European Parliament: Business Lobbying in the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, Journal of Common Market Studies, 42(3), 473-495.
  • Butler, I.J. (2008), Non-governmental Organisation Participation in the EU Law-Making Process: The Example of Social Non-governmental Organisations at the Commission, Parliament and Council, European Law Journal 14(5), 558-582.
  • Celimli, K., Aktan, S. (2019, Temmuz 26), Avrupa Parlamentosu Seçimleri:Ülke Ülke Seçim Sonuçları, https://tr.euronews.com.
  • Chalmers, D., Davies, G., Monti, G. (2010), European Union Law: Cases and Materials, 2 Edition New York: Cambridge University Pres.
  • Committees, (2020), Choose your committee, https://www.europarl. europa .eu / committees/ en/home. (Erişim Tarihi:04.08. 2020).
  • Composition of the European Union, (2020), https :// europarl .europa .eu/ election-results-2019en/ turnout/ (Erişim Tarihi: 24.04.2020).
  • Duggan, J. (2019, Jan 25), EU Dıvıded: İtaly lashes out at France and Germany for ‘only thinking of themselves’, https:// www. express. co.uk/ news /world /1077773/.
  • Elbir, H.Ç. (2019, Ağustos 5), Avrupa Birliği Yeni Yönetim Kadrosuna Kavuştu, Analiz No : 2019 / 21. https:// Avim.Org.Tr/ Tr/Analiz/.
  • EPP Manifesto, (2019), https://www.epp.eu/papers/epp-manifesto, (Erişim Tarihi: 30. 04. 2020).
  • Eren, S. (2019), AB Gündemi: AP Seçimlerinin Geride Kalmasının Ardından AB,“Yeni Bir Maceraya Gidiyor”, https:// bulten.ikv. org.tr /?ust_id=9566&id=9569, (Erişim Tarihi: 03. 04.2020).
  • Europe before the election, (2018), https:// www. deutschland.de /en/topic /politics /2019-european-election-outlooks-trends-prospects, (Erişim Tarihi: 18.05.2020).
  • European Parliament, (2020), Rules of Procedure of the, 9 th parliamentaryterm (2019-2024), https:// www. europarl. europa.eu /doceo/document/RULES-9-2020-02, (ErişimTarihi: 01.04.2020).
  • European Parliament, (1999), Rules Governing the Establishment of Intergroups, Decision of the Conference of Presidents of 16 December 1999, PE 339.492/BUR,pp., https://www.europarl. europa.eu/about-parliament/files (Erişim Tarihi: 05.04.2020).
  • Fiott, D. (2015), The Diplomatic Role of the European Parliament’s Parliamentary Groups, Swedish Institute for European Policy Studies, European Policy Analysis 2015:3, 7-10.
  • Foret, F. (2014), Democratic Representation and Religion.Differences and Convergences Between the European Parliament and the US House of Representatives, Working Paper, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Research Paper, 2014/58, European University Institute.
  • Frantescu, D. P. (2015), Values Topple Nationality in the EuropeanParliament, European View, No: 14, 101-110.
  • Freedom, opportunity, prosperity: the Liberal vision for the future of Europe, (2018), https://teameurope.eu/ our-manifesto/, (Erişim Tarihi: 03.05.2020). Greens/Efa Priority, (2020), https://www.greens-efa.eu, (Erişim tarihi: 06.05.2020).
  • Günaydın, E. (2018, Eylül 13), Polonya'dan AB'ye karşı Macaristan'a destek, https :// tr. euronews .com/2018/09/13.
  • Hix, S., Hoyland, B. (2013), Empowerment of the European Parliament, Annual Reviews of Politicial Science, Volume 16,171-189.
  • https://ecrgroup.eu/vision_for_europe, (Erişim tarihi: 04.05.2020).
  • https://ecrgroup.eu/campaigns, (Erişim tarihi: 04.05.2020).
  • https:// www.guengl.eu/ about-the-group/, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.04.2020).
  • https://www.guengl.eu/what-we-stand-for/, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.04.2020).
  • https://www.socialistsanddemocrats.eu/what-we-stand-for, (Erişim tarihi 05.05.2020).
  • Huet, N. (2019, June 13), Nationalism in the EU has a new name: ‘Identy and Democracy’, https://www.euronews.com/2019/06/13/.
  • Introductuion, (2020), https://www.europarl.europa.eu/ committees/ en/ about/ introduction. (Erişim Tarihi: 03.04.2020).
  • Jacobs F., Best E. (2004), The European Parliament Ready for the Future? The Impact of Enlargement on the European Parliament, EİPA Scope, Vol. 3, 14-19.
  • Jacops, F., Corbett, R., Shackleton, M. (2011), The European Parliament, London: John Harper Publishing.
  • Judge, D., Earnshaw, D. (2008), The European Parliament, Second Edition, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan
  • Karaca, K. (2015, Haziran 16), AP’de aşırı sağcı grup kuruldu, https:// www. dw.com /tr/apde-a %C5 %9F %C4 %B1r %C4%B1.
  • Lehne S., Grabbe, H., (2018, December 11). 2019 European Parliament Elections will Change the EU’s Political Dynamics, Carnegie Europe, https: // carnegieeurope .eu / 2018 /12 /11.
  • List of Committees, (2020). https://www.europarl.europa.eu/ committees/ en/about/list-of-committees, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.08.2020).
  • MEPs by Member State and Political Group, (2020), https:// www.europarl europa.eu meps/en search/able, (Erişim tarihi: 02. 05.2020).
  • Morgan, M., Steed,M. (2003), Choice and Representation in EU, London: Federal Trust For Education &Research.
  • Nedergaard, P. , Jensen, M.D. (2014), The Anatomy of Intergroups-network governance ın the Political Engine Room of the European Parliament, Policy Studies, 35 (2), 192-209.
  • Neuhold, C. (2001), The 'Legislative Backbone' Keeping the Institution Upright? The Role of European Parliament Committees in the EU Policy-Making Process, European Integration (ELoP), Vol.5, No.10, http: //dx.doi.org /10.2139/ssrn.302785.
  • O'Sullivan, J. (2019, May 28), Understanding the Results of the European Parliamentary Elections, National Review, https://www. nationalreview.com/2019/05/.
  • Parliament group priorities: Identity and Democracy, (2019), https://www .europarl.europa.eu/ news /en/ headlines /eu-affairs, (Erişim tarihi: 04.05. 2020).
  • Poptcheva E.M. (2015), Rules on Political Groups in the EP, https:// www.europarl. europa.eu /Reg Data/etudes/ BRIE/2015/559516/ EPRS_BRI(2015) 559516 EN. pdf, (Erişim Tarihi:19.05.2020).
  • Poyraz, H.M., Güngörmez O., Kavukçu F. O., (2019), Aşırı Sağ ve Brexit’in Gölgesinde 2019 Avrupa Parlamentosu Seçimleri, https://setav.org/assets/uploads, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.05. 2020).
  • Public Opinion Monitoring at a Glance (2019), The European Parliament and the expectations of European citizens, Plenary-April 2019, https:// www. europarl. europa.eu/at-your-service/files/be-heard/eurobarometer, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.05. 2019).
  • Redistribution of seats in the European Parliament after Brexit, (2020), https:// www europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room, (Erişim Tarihi :09.05.2020).
  • Smyth, P. (2019, Feb 28). Europe must decide what to do about Hungary’s Viktor Orbán, https://www.irishtimes.com/news.
  • Tanasescu, I. (2009). The European Commission and Interest Groups:Towards a Deliberative Interpretation of Stakeholder Involvement ın EU Policy-making, Institute for European Studies (IES), Brussels: Brussels University Pres.
  • The İntergroups of the European Parliament, (2020), https ://www .europarl. europa. eu/ about-parliament/en/organisation and rules /organisation / intergroups, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.05. 2020).
  • The Political groups of the European Parliament, (2020), https:// www.europarl. europa.eu about-parliament/en/organisation-and rules /organisation/political-groups (Erişim Tarihi: 01.5.2020).
  • Toubeau, S. (2019, February 8), France and Italy: a deeper rift over Europe lies behind the current crisis, https:// theconversation. com. Tömmel, I. (2014), The European Union, New York: Palgreve Macmillan.
  • Turnout, (2020), https://www.europarl.europa.eu/elections2014-results/en/ turnout.html (Erişim Tarihi: 22.04.2020).
  • Turnout by Country, (2020), https://europarl.europa.eu/election-results-2019/en/turnout/, (Erişim Tarihi: 23.04. 2020).
  • Vatandaş, S. (2019, Mayıs 31), 2019 Yılı Avrupa Parlamentosu Seçimleri ve Türkiye, https://insamer.com /tr.
  • Yılmaz, M. (2018, Ocak 4), Macaristan’dan AB’ye Polonya Tepkisi. https:// www. aa.com. tr/ tr/dunya.
  • Yiğit, D. (2019, Mayıs 28), Avrupa Parlamentosu Seçim Sonuçları ve Brexit, http:// soyledik.com/tr/makale /7890.
  • Yurdanova, N. (2013) , Organising the European Parliament, UK:ECPR Pres.
  • Zalc, J., Becuwe, N., Buruıan A., (2019), The 2019 Post-Electoral Survey Have European Electıons Entered A New Dımensıon?, https://www.europarl. europa. eu/atyourservice /files/beheard/eurobarometer, (ErişimTarihi: 22.04.2020).
There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Feza SOLAK TUYGUN 0000-0002-9928-9005

Publication Date February 25, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 9

Cite

APA SOLAK TUYGUN, F. (2021). BREXİT İLE 2019 SEÇİMLERİNİN ARDINDAN AVRUPA PARLAMENTOSU’NDA YAPISAL VE POLİTİK DEĞİŞİM. The Journal of Social Science, 5(9), 156-175. https://doi.org/10.30520/tjsosci.869220