The Distribution of Activating Transcription Factor 6 (ATF6) and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in the Duodenum Tissue of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 41 - 49, 22.03.2021

Şükran Aras , Ebru Karadağ Sarı , Serpil Dağ

https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.867947

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the distribution of the Activating Transcription Factor 6 (ATF6) and the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in the duodenum tissue of diabetic and non-diabetic rats.
Material and Method: Eighteen female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups as the control, sham, and diabetes groups. Routine histological and immunohistochemical methods were applied to the duodenum tissues collected at the end of the study.
Results: It was determined that the villus length measurements showed a statistically significant difference between the control and diabetes groups. There was NGF immunoreactivity which was moderate and diffuse cytoplasmic in the villus intestinalis and muscularis layer in all groups, weak in the crypts and glands in the control and sham groups, and moderate and diffuse cytoplasmic in the diabetes group. ATF6 immunoreactivity was determined moderate in the villus intestinalis, crypts, glands, and muscularis layer in the control and sham groups and strong diffuse cytoplasmic in the diabetes group. Conclusion: It was determined that both NGF and ATF6 immunoreactivity increased in the duodenum tissue of the rats on which diabetes was induced experimentally.

Keywords

ATF6, dibetes, duodenum, NGF

References

• Akgül C, Özparlak H, Çelik I, Öznurlu Y. Nifedipinin İnce Bağırsak Histolojisi Üzerine Etkileri. BBAD. 2015; 8(1):11-8.
• Allen A, Flemstrom G, Garner A, Kivilaakso E. Gastroduodenal Mucosal Protection. Physiol Rev. 1993; 73:823-57. Bancroft JD, Cook HC, Sterling RW. Manual of histological technique and their diagnostic application. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 1994.
• Barada KA, Mourad FH, Sawah SI, Khoury C, Safieh-Garabedian B, Nassar CF et al. Up-regulation of Nerve Growth Factor and Interleukin-10 in Inflamed and Non-inflamed Intestinal Segments in Rats with Experimental Colitis. Cytokine. 2007; 37:236-45.
• Bayar M, Özer B, Beştaş A, Çeribaşı S, Ozercan I. Effects of anti-NGF on Apoptosis in rats with Experimentally İnduced Sepsis Model. Türk Klin Med Sci. 2010; 30(4):1127-33.
• Berker E. Nöropatik Ağrı ve Fizyopatolojik Mekanizmalar. Türk Fiz Tıp Rehab Derg. 2005; 51:1-5.
• Brock C, Softeland E, Gunterberg V, Frokjaer JB, Lelic D, Brock B et al. Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy Affects Symptom Generation And Brain-Gut Axis. Diabetes Care. 2013; 36:3698-705.
• Brown DC, Maxwell CV, Erf GF, Davis ME, Singh S, Johnson ZB. The Influence of Different Management Systems and Age on Intestinal Morphology, Immune Cell Numbers and Mucin Production from Goblet Cells in Post Weaning Pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2006; 111(3-4):187-98.
• Chai NL, Dong L, Li ZF, Du KX, Wang JH, Yan LK et al. Effects of Neurotrophins on Gastrointestinal Myoelectric Activities of Rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2003; 9(8):1874-7.
• Chang JX, Chen S, Ma LP, Jiang LY, Chen JW, Chang RM et al. Functional and morphological changes of the gut barrier during the restitution process after hemorrhagic shock. World J Gastroenterol. 2005; 11(35):5485-91. Chen X, Shen J, Prywes R. The Luminal Domain of ATF6 senses endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and causes translocation of ATF6 from the ER to the golgi. J Biol Chem. 2002; 277:13045-52.
• Coleman OI, Lobner EM, Bierwirth S, Sorbie A, Waldschmitt N, Rath E et al. Activated ATF6 Induces Intestinal Dysbiosis and Innate Immune Response to Promote Colorectal Tumorigenesis. Gastroenterology. 2018; 155:1539-52.
• Dağ M, Kuruş M, Söğütlü G, Eşrefoğlu M, Öztürk F, Yoloğlu S et al. İskemi-reperfüzyon Uygulanan Sıçan Jejunum Goblet Hücrelerinin Morfolojik ve Sayısal Değişimi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2010; 30(3):952-61. Eizirik DL, Cardozo AK, Cnop M. The Role for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Rev. 2008; 29:42-61.
• Faydacı G, Tarhan F, Gül AE, Erbay E, Kuyumcuoğlu U. Mesane Çıkım Obstrüksiyonunda Nevre Growth Factor Reseptörünün Rolü. Türk Ürol Derg. 2004; 30(1):72-9.
• Friess H, Zhu ZW, Di Mola FF, Kulli C, Graber HU, Andren-Sandberg A et al. Nerve Growth Factor And Its High-Affinity Receptor in Chronic Pancreatitis. Ann Surg. 1999; 230(5):615-24.
• Frokjaer JB, Andersen SD, Ejskjaer N, Funch-Jensen P, Drewes AM, Gregersen H et al. Impaired Contractility and Remodeling of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract in Diabetes Mellitus Type-1. World J Gastroenterol. 2007; 13:4881-90.
• Gangula PRR, Maner WL, Micci MA, Garfield RE, Pasricha PJ. Diabetes Induces Sex-Dependent Changes in Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Dimerization and Function in the Rat Gastric Antrum. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2007; 292:725-33.
• Gersemann M, Becker S, Kübler I, Koslowski M, Wang G, Herrlinger KR et al. Differences in Goblet Cell Differentiation Between Crohn's Disease And Ulcerative Colitis. Differentiation. 2009; 77 (1):84-94.
• Gu X, Li D, She R. Effect of Weaning on Small Intestinal Structure and Function in the Piglet. Arc Tierernahr. 2002; 56:275-86.
• Gül M, Eşrefoğlu M, Uçar, M. Açlığın Sıçan İnce Bağırsak Mukozasında Oluşturduğu Histolojik ve Histokimyasal Değişiklikler. Türkiye Klinikleri J of Gastroenterohepatol. 2004; 15:9-17.
• Hanaoka M, Ishikawa T, Ishiguro M, Tokura M, Yamauchi S, Kikuchi A et al. Expression of ATF6 as a Marker of Pre-Cancerous atypical Change in Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer: A Potential Role in the Management of Dysplasia. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:631-41.
• Harding HP, Ron D. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Development of Diabetes. Diabetes. 2002; 51:455-61.
• Haze K, Yoshida H, Yanagi H, Yura T, Mori K. Mammalian Transcription Factor ATF6 is Synthesized as a Transmembrane Protein and Activated by Proteolysis in Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Mol Biol Cell 1999;10:3787-99.
• Hetz C. The Unfolded Protein Response: Controlling Cell Fate Decisions Under Er Stress and Beyond. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2012; 13:89-102.
• Hsu SM, Raine L, Fanger H. Use of Avidin-Biotin-Peroksidase Complex (ABC) in Immunoperoksidase Techniques: A Comparison Between ABC And Unabeled Antibody (PAP) Procedures. J Histochemi Cytochem. 1981; 29:577-80.
• Kemper AC, Specian RED. Rat Small Intestinal Mucins. A Quantitative Analysis. Anat Rec.1991; 229:219-26. Koca BY. Karbontetraklorürün fare bağırsak dokusunda oluşturduğu morfolojik farklılaşma [Dissertation]. Sivas Cumhuriyet Universty: Health Sciences Institute;1993.
• Koca BY. Sıçanlarda deneysel olarak oluşturulan koledok tıkanıklığı ve tıkanıklığın giderilmesi sonrası karaciğerin histolojik yapısı [Dissertation]. Sivas Cumhuriyet Universty: Health Sciences Institute;1996.
• Larrieta ME, Vıtal P, Mendoza-Rodrıguez A, Cerbon M, Hırıart M. Nerve Growth Factor Increases in Pancreatic b Cells After Streptozotocin Induced Damage in Rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 2006; 231:396-402.
• Lee TH, Lee JS. Ramosetron Might Be Useful for Treating Diabetic Diarrhea with A Rapid Small Bowel Transit Time. Korean J Intern Med. 2013; 28:106-7.
• Luna LG. Manual of histologic staining methods of armed forces ınstutite of pathology. 3rd ed. London: Mc Graw-Hill Book Comp;1968.
• Miller HR, Huntley JF, Wallace GR. Immune Exclusion and Mucus Trapping During the Rapid Expulsion of Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis from Primed Rats. Immunology. 1981; 44(2):419-29.
• Ohlsson B, Melander O, Thorsson O, Olsson R, Ekberg O, Sundkvist G. Oesophageal Dysmotility, Delayed Gastric Emptying and Autonomic Neuropathy Correlate to Disturbed Glucose Homeostasis. Diabetologia. 2006; 49:2010-4.
• Okada Y, Eibl G, Guha S, Duffy JP, Reber HA, Hines OJ. Nevre Growth Factor Stimulates MMP-2 Expression and Activity and Increase Invasion by Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Clin Exp Metastas. 2004; 21:285-92.
• Oyadomari S, Araki E, Mori M. Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated apoptosis in pancreatic β-cell. Apoptosis. 2002; 7:335-45.
• Oztekin Kazancıbaşı E. Soru ve yanıtlarla diyabet. 2nd ed. Sağlık Adası Yayınları; 2014.
• Rabhi N, Salas E, Froguel P, Annicotte JS. Role of the Unfolded Protein Response in Β Cell Compensation and Failure During Diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2014; 2014:795171.
• Sarker P, Bhuiyan TR, Qadri F, Alam NH, Wretlind B, Bishop AE et al. Differential Expression of Enteric Neuroimmune-Network in invasive and Acute Watery Diarrhoea. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2010; 22(1):70-8.
• Seidal T, Balaton AJ, Battifora H. Interpretation and Quantification of Immunostains. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001; 25:1204-7.
• Shu S, Ju G, Fan L. The Glucoseoxidase-Dan-Nickel in Peroksidase Histochemistry of the Nervous System. Neurosci Lett. 1988; 85(2):169-71.
• Türkiye Endokrin ve Metabolizma Derneği (TEMD). Diabetes Mellitus ve komplikasyonlarının tanı, tedavi ve izlem kılavuzu. Available at: http://www.turkendokrin.org/files/file/DIYABET_TTK_web.pdf. Accessed Sep 14, 2020.
• Wong HLX, Qin HY, Tsang SW, Zuo X, Che S, Chow CFW et al. Early Life Stress Disrupts Intestinal Homeostasis via NGF-Trka Signaling. Nat Commun. 2019; 10:1745.
• Yarandi SS, Srinivasan S. Diabetic Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders and the Role of Enteric Nervous System: Current Status and Future Directions. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014; 26:611-24.
• Ye J, Rawson RB, Komuro R, Chen X, Dave´ UP, Prywes R et al. ER Stress Induces Cleavage of Membrane-Bound ATF6 By the Same Proteases That Process Srebps. Mol Cell. 2000; 6:1355-64.
• Yoshida H, Haze K, Yanaqi H, Yura T, Mori K. Identification of The Cis-Acting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Element Responsible for Transcriptional Induction of Mammalian Glucose-Regulated Proteins. J Biol Chem. 1998; 273:33741-9.
• Yunus M, Horii Y, Makimura S, Smith AL. Murine Goblet Cell Hypoplasia During Eimeria Pragensis Infection is Ameliorated by Clindamycin Treatment. J Vet Med Sci. 2005; 67(3):311-5.
• Zhao J, Frokjaer JB, Drewes AM, Ejskjaer N. Upper Gastrointestinal Sensory-Motor Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12:2846-57.
• Zhao J, Nakaguchi T, Gregersen H. Biomechanical and Histomorphometric Colon Remodelling in Stz-İnduced Diabetic Rats. Dig Dis Sci. 2009; 54:1636-42.
• Zhao J, Yang J, Gregersen H. Biomechanical and Morphometric Intestinal Remodelling During Experimental Diabetes in Rats. Diabetologia 2003; 46:1688-97.
• Zhou L, Tan JH, Cao RC, Xu J, Chen XM, Qi Z et al. ATF6 Regulates the Development of Chronic Pancreatitis by Inducing P53-Mediated Apoptosis. Cell Death and Disease. 2019; 10:662.
• Zhu QY. Analysis of Blood Vessel Invasion by Cells of Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma Using Image Processing Combined with Immunohistochemistry. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1989; 69:573-5.