Weeds That Host Plant Parasitic Nematodes
Year 2024,
Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 36 - 48, 08.11.2024
Hakkı Taşdelen
,
Ebubekir Yüksel
,
Mustafa Imren
,
Ender Şahin Çolak
,
Osman Güven
,
Ramazan Canhilal
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are one of the important agricultural pest groups that cause yield and quality losses in agricultural production. Weeds found in agricultural production areas host many PPNs, making it difficult to combat PPNs. In this study, more than 110 weed species belonging to 25 families were examined for host suitability to different PPNs worldwide. Among the PPN groups that can feed on weeds, it is known that the group with the highest number of hosts (53 weed species) is Root Knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Other PPNs that can feed on weeds are: Pratylenchus spp. Rotylenchulus reniformis, Heterodera glycines and Radopholus similis, and these nematodes have been reported to infect 26, 25, 10 and 3 weed species, respectively. The highest number of weed species that host nematodes was found in the Poaceae family.
References
- Ahmad, I., Saifullah, Ahmad, M., Khan, I., Ali, R., Abbas, A., . . . Ali , A. (2015). Incidence of root-knot nematode in winter weeds of tomato in Malakand division – Pakistan. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 3(6), 385-391.
- Ataş, H., Uysal, G., Gözel, Ç., Gözel, U., & Devran , Z. (2022). First Report of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria on Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in Turkey. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 25(1), 176-179. doi:/doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi. 1080185
- Ayala, A., & Ramirez, C. (1965). Host-Range, Distribution, and Bibliography of the Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis, with Special Reference to Puerto Rico . Fournal of Agricutture of University of Ouerto Rico, 140 - 161 .
- Aydınlı, G., Mennan, S., Devran, Z., Sirca, S., & Urek, G. (2013). First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica on Tomato and Cucumber in Turkey. The American Phytopathological Society, 1262.
- Bakr, R. A., Mahdy , M.-S., & Mousa, E.-S. (2020). Survey of Root-Knot Nematodes Meloidogyne spp. Associated With Different Economic Crops and Weed In Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Crop Protection, 15(2), 1-14.
- Basnet, P., Clay, S., & Byamukama, E. (2019). Determination of weed hosts of soybean cyst nematode in South Dakota. Weed Technology, 377 - 382.
- Bellé, C., Kulczynski, S., Kaspary, T., & Kuhn, e. (2017). Plantas Daninhas Como Hospedeiras Alternativas Para Meloidogyen incognita. Nematropica, 47, 26-33.
- Bellé, C., Ramos, R., Rubin Balardin, R., Nora, D., & Kaspary, T. (2020). Multiplication potential of Meloidogyne arenaria in weeds found in Brazil. Eur J Plant Pathol, 157, 441-447.
- Bellé, C., Ramos, R., Balardin, R., Nora, D., & Kaspary, T. (2019). Host weed species range of Meloidogyne ethiopica whitehead (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) found in Brazil. Eur J Plant Pathol (, 156, 979-985.
- Bernard, E. C., Chaffin, A., & Gwinn, K. (2022). Review of nematode interactions with hemp (Cannabis sativa). Journal of Nematology, 54, 1-18. doi:10.21307/jofnem-2022-002
- Burelle, N., & Rosskopf, E. (2012). Susceptibility of Several Common Subtropical Weeds to Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica. Journal of Nematology, 44(2), 142 - 147.
- CABI. (2019). Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode). In In: Invasive species compendium. Wallingford.
- Castillo, P., Rapoport, H., Rius, J., & Díaz, R. (2008). Suitability of weed species prevailing in Spanish vineyards as hosts for root-knot nematodes. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 120, 43–51.
- Christie, J. (1957). The yellows disease of pepper and spreading decline of citrus. Plant Disease Reporter, 41(4), 267 - 268.
- Coyne, D. L., Cortada, L., Dalzell, J., Cole, A., Haukeland, S., Luambano, N., & Talwana, H. (2018). Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 381 - 403.
- Creech, J. E., Webb, J., Young, B., Bond, J., Harrison, S., Ferris, V., . . . Johnson, W. (2007). Development of Soybean Cyst Nematode on Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) and Purple Deadnettle (Lamium purpureum). Weed Technology, 21, 1064-1070.
- Duyck, P.-F., Pavoine, S., Tixier, P., Chabrier, C., & Que´ne´herve, P. (2009). Host range as an axis of niche partitioning in the plant-feeding nematode community of banana agroecosystems. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 41, 1139–1145.
- Eisenback, J. D. (2020, 5 8). Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode). doi:https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.33245.
- Ercan, H., & Elekcioğlu, İ. (2009). Adana ve Mersin illerinde yabancı otlarda bulunan Kök-ur nematod türlerinin (Meloidogyne spp.) (Nemata: Meloidogynidae) belirlenmesi1. Türk. entomol. derg, 33(3), 179-192.
- Esker, P. D. (2023, 03 31). Plant Parasitic Nematodes Explained. https://extension.psu.edu adresinden alındı.
- Evlice, E., & Bayram, Ş. (2016). Türkiye Patates Üretiminde Önemli Bir Tehdit: Kolombiya Kök-Ur Nematodu [Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden, O’Bannon, Santos & Finley, 1980 (Nemata: Tylenchida)]. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(1), 132-144.
- Gast, R. E., Wilson, R., & Kerr, E. (1984). Lesion Nematode (Pratylenchus spp.) Infection of Weed Species and Fieldbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Science, 32(5), 616-620.
- Gebremichael, G. N. (2015). A Review on Biology and Management of Radopholus similis. Advances in Life Science and Technology, 26, 91-96.
- Gharabadiyan, F., Jamali, S., Yazdi, A., Hadizadeh, M., & Eskandari, A. (2012). Weed Hosts of Root-Knot Nematodes In Tomato Fields. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 52(2), 230-234.
- Giraldeli , A., San Gregorio, J., Monquero, P., Aguillera, M., & Ribeiro, N. (2017). Weeds Hosts of Nematodes in Sugarcane Culture. Planta Daninha(35), 1-7.
- Gowen, S., Queneherve, P., & Fogain, P. (2005). Nematode Parasites of Bananas and Plantains. Biochem., J., 151-157.
- Hoyle, A., & Prior, T. (2023). Meloidogyne chitwoodi. 05 07, 2024 tarihinde https://planthealthportal.defra.gov.uk/: https://planthealthportal.defra.gov.uk/assets/factsheets/Plant-Pest-Factsheet-M-chitwoodi.pdf adresinden alındı.
- İmren, M., & Elekcioğlu, İ. (2018). Diyarbakır İli Buğday, Sebze ve Bağ Alanlarında Önemli Bitki Paraziti Nematod Türlerinin Belirlenmesi. Ç.Ü Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü , 116- 121.
- Inserra , R., Dunn, R., Sorley , R., Langdon , A., & Richmer, A. (1989). Weed hosts of Rotylenchulus reniformis. Nematol Circular Gainesville,, 4.
- Johnson, W. G., Creech, J., & Mock, V. (2008). Role of Winter Annual Weeds as Alternative Hosts for Soybean Cyst Nematode. Crop Management.
- Jones, J. T., Danchin, E., Gaur, H., Helder, J., Jones, M., Kikuchi, T., . . . Perry, R. (2013). Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology. Molecular Plant Pathology, 14(9), 946-961.
- Jordaan, E., & Waele, D. (1988). Host Status of Five Weed Species and Their Effects on Pratylenchus zeae Infestation of Maize. Journal of Nematology, 20(4), 620-624.
- Kantarcı, Z., Gürkan, T., & Gürkan, B. (2023). Bazı Yabancı Ot Türlerinin Kök-Ur Nematodlarına (Meloidogyne incognita ırk 1 ve Meloidogyne incognita ırk 2) Karşı Reaksiyonlarının Araştırılması. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 26(3), 190-198.
Kaplan, D., & O’Bannon., J. (1985). Occurrence of biotypes in Radopholus citrophlus. Journal of Nematology, 17(158-162).
- Katı, T., & Mennan, S. (2006). Kök-Ur Nematodları ( Meloidogyne spp.) İle Biyolojik Mücadele. OMÜ Zir. Fak. Dergisi, 265-274.
- Khan, M. R. (2005). Hosts and Non-hosts of Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira, 1940 - A Critical Review. Environment & Ecology, 23(1), 124-140.
- Khan, R., & Khan, M. (1985). Portulaca oleracea hitherto unrecorded host of Rotylenchulus reniformis from India. Acta botanica Indıca, 13, 285-286.
- Kutywayo, V., & Been, T. (2006). Host status of six major weeds to Meloidogyne chitwoodi and Pratylenchus penetrans, including a preliminary field survey concerning other weeds. Nematology, 8(5), 647-657.
- Lawrence, K. S., Price, A., Lawrence, G., Jones, J., & Akridge, J. (2008). Weed Hosts for Rotylenchus reniformis in Cotton Fields Rotated With Corn in The SOUTHEAST OF THE UNITED STATES. Nematropica, 38, 13-22.
- Lopes, A., Soares, M., Chidichima, L., & Dias-arieira, C. (2019). Weed hosts of Meloidogyne spp. and the effect of aqueous weed extracts on egg hatching. European Weed Research Society, 142-149.
- Lopez, H. F., Soti, P., Jagdale, G., Grewal, P., & Racelis, A. (2021). Weeds as Hosts of Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical Agriculture Systems. Subtropical Agriculture and Environments (72), 1-6.
- McCarter, J., Mitreva, M., Martin, J., Dante, M., Wylie, T., Rao, U., . . . Waterston, R. (2003). Analysis and functional classification of transcripts from the nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Genome Biology, 1-19.
- Mock, V. A., Creech, J., Johnson, B., Faghihi, J., Ferris, V., Westphal, A., & Bradley, K. (2011). Winter Annual Weeds and Soybean Cyst Nematode Management With a Guide for Identifying Known Weed Hosts. Purdue Extension. Purdue University.
Moens, M., Perry, R., & Starr, J. (2009). Meloidogyne Species - a Diverse Group of Novel and Important Plant Parasites. Wallingford: CABI.
- Munif, A., Butarbutar, E., Pradana, A., & Yousif , A. (2022). Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated With Common Horticultural Weeds. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology , 1-11.
- Nitidi, K. N., Fourie, H., & Daneel, M. (2015). Greenhouse and field evaluations of commonly occurring weed species for their host suitability to Meloidogyne species. International Journal of Pest Management, 1-9.
- Ntidi, K., Fourie, H., & Daneel, M. (2015). Greenhouse and field evaluations of commonly occurring weed species for their host suitability to Meloidogyne species. International Journal of Pest Management. doi:10.1080/09670874.2015.1087602.
- Poromarto, S. H., Graming, G., Nelson, B., & Jain, S. (2015). Evaluation of Weed Species from the Northern Great Plains as Hosts of Soybean Cyst Nematode. Plant Health Research, 16(1), 23-28.
- Queneherve, P., Drob, F., & Topart, P. (1995). Host Status of some Weeds to Meloidogyne spp. Pratylenchus spp. Heucotylenhus spp. and Rotylenchus reniformis Associated With Vegetables Cultivated in Polytunnels in Martinique. Laboratoire de Nematologie, 149 - 157.
- Rahman, A., & Hirschmann, H. (1990). Morphological Comparison of Three Host Races of Meloidogyne javanica. Journal of Nematology, 22(1), 56-68.
- Rich, J. R., Brito, J., Kaur, R., & Ferrell, J. (2008). Weed Species as Hosts of Meloidogyne: A Review. Nmatropica, 157- 185.
- Rocha, L. F., Gage,, K., Pimentel, M., Bond, J., & Fakhoury, A. (2021). Weeds Hosting the Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe): Management Implications in Agroecological Systems. Agronomy, 1-16.
- Rodríguez, L. A., Pereira, D., Ruiz, A., & Chaves, L. (2022). Plant- Parasitic Nematodes Associated With Weeds In Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Fields From Northern Area of Cartago, Costa Rica. Nematropica 5, 52, 33-44.
- Rusinque, L., Nóbrega, F., Serra, C., & Inácio, M. (2022). The Northern Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla: New Host Records in Portugal. biology, 1-9.
- Samaliev, H., & Markova, D. (2014). Ability of Eight Weeds In Potato Fields of Bulgaria to Host The Root Lesion Nematodes Pratylechus penetrans and P. neglectus. Science & Technologies, 4(6), 32-37.
- Smiley, R. W., Yan, G., & Gourlie, J. (2014). Selected Pacific Northwest Rangeland and Weed Plants as Hosts of Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei. Plant Disease, 98(10), 1332 - 1340.
- Subedi, S., Thapa, B., & Shrestha, J. (2020). Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and its management: a review. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 3(2), 21-31. doi:https://doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i2.32298.
- Sumita, K., & Vivekananda, Y. (2023). A Southern Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) First Reported on Cucumber in Manipur. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1-4.
- Téliz, D., Landa, B., Rapoport, H., Camacho, F., Jiménez-Díaz, R., & Castillo, P. (2007). Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Infecting Grapevine in Southern Spain and Susceptible Reaction to Root-Knot Nematodes of Rootstocks Reported as Moderately Resistant. The American Phytopathological Society , 1147 - 1154 .
- Thomas, S. H., Schroeder, J., & Murray , L. (2005). The Role of Weeds in Nematode Management. Weed Scienc, 53, 923-928.
- Thomas, S. H., Schroeder, J., & Murray, L. (2004). Cyperus Tubers Protect Meloidogyne incognita from 1,3-Dichloropropene. Journal of Nematology, 36(2), 131-136.
- Toktay, H., Bozbuğa, R., İmren, M., Kasapoğlu, E., & Elekcioğlu, İ. (2014). Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood ve Meloidogyne hapla (Chitwood, 1949) (Nemata: Meloidogynidae) Yumurtalarının Açılmasına Farklı Uygulamaların Etkisi ve İkinci Dönem Larvalarının Beslenmeden Yaşayabilme Süreleri. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(4), 509 - 515.
- Torun, H., Özkil, M., Dinçer, D., & Çeliktopuz, E. (2021). Muz Alanlarında Görülen Yabancı Otlar, Mücadelesi, Nematodlarla İlişkisi ve Muz Yetiştiriciliğinde Sulamanın Yabancı Ot Yönetimine Etkisi. Turk J. Weed Sci., 24(1), 29-38.
- Vanstone, V. A., & Russ, M. (2001). Ability of weeds to host the root lesion nematodes Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei II*. Broad-leaf weeds. Australasian Plant Pathology, 30, 251-258.
- Venkatesh, R., Harrison, S., & Riedel, R. (2000). Weed Hosts of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) in Ohio. Weed Technolog, 14, 156-160.
- Vestergård, M. (2019). Trap crops for Meloidogyne hapla management and its integration with supplementary strategies. Applied Soil Ecology, 105 - 110.
- Watson, T. T., Strauss, S., & Desaeger, J. (2020). Identification and characterization of Javanese root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) suppressive soils in Florida. Applied Soil Ecology, 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103597.
- Werle, R., Giesler, L., Bernards, M., & Lindquist, J. (2015). Likelihood of Soybean Cyst Nematode ( Heterodera glycines) Reproduction on Henbit ( Lamium amplexicaule) Roots in Nebraska. Weed Technology, 29, 35-41.
- Wisler, G. C., & Norris, R. (2005). Interactions between weeds and cultivated plants as related to management of plant pathogens. Weed Science, 53, 914-917.
- Yadav, L., & Nandawa, P. (1976). A record of some new and known weed hosts of Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira. Indian J. Nematol., 6, 94-95.
- Zhang, Y., Wang, M., Zhao, D., Chunye , L., & Liu, Z. (2023). Early weed identification based on deep learning: A review. Smart Agricultural Technology, 1-11.
Bitki Paraziti Nematodlara Konukçuluk Yapan Yabancı Otlar
Year 2024,
Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 36 - 48, 08.11.2024
Hakkı Taşdelen
,
Ebubekir Yüksel
,
Mustafa Imren
,
Ender Şahin Çolak
,
Osman Güven
,
Ramazan Canhilal
Abstract
Bitki paraziti nematodlar (BPN) tarımsal üretimde verim ve kalite kayıplarına neden olan önemli tarımsal zararlı gruplarından biridir. Tarımsal üretim alanlarında bulunan yabancı otlar, birçok BPN’ye konukçuluk yaparak BPN’ler ile mücadeleyi zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 25 familyaya ait 110'dan fazla yabancı ot türü, dünya çapında farklı BPN’lere konukçu uygunluğu açısından incelenmiştir. Yabancı otlarla beslenebilen BPN grupları içerisinde, en çok konukçu sayısına (53 yabancı ot türü) sahip olan grubun Kök Ur nematodları (Meloidogyne spp.) olduğu bilinmektedir. Yabancı otlar üzerinde beslenebilen diğer BPN’ler: Pratylenchus spp. Rotylenchulus reniformis, Heterodera glycines ve Radopholus similis’tir ve bu nematodların sırası ile 26, 25, 10 ve 3 yabancı ot türünü enfekte ettiği rapor edilmiştir. BPN'lere en fazla konukçuluk yapan yabancı ot türleri ise Poaceae familyasında tespit edilmiştir.
References
- Ahmad, I., Saifullah, Ahmad, M., Khan, I., Ali, R., Abbas, A., . . . Ali , A. (2015). Incidence of root-knot nematode in winter weeds of tomato in Malakand division – Pakistan. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 3(6), 385-391.
- Ataş, H., Uysal, G., Gözel, Ç., Gözel, U., & Devran , Z. (2022). First Report of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria on Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in Turkey. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 25(1), 176-179. doi:/doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi. 1080185
- Ayala, A., & Ramirez, C. (1965). Host-Range, Distribution, and Bibliography of the Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis, with Special Reference to Puerto Rico . Fournal of Agricutture of University of Ouerto Rico, 140 - 161 .
- Aydınlı, G., Mennan, S., Devran, Z., Sirca, S., & Urek, G. (2013). First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica on Tomato and Cucumber in Turkey. The American Phytopathological Society, 1262.
- Bakr, R. A., Mahdy , M.-S., & Mousa, E.-S. (2020). Survey of Root-Knot Nematodes Meloidogyne spp. Associated With Different Economic Crops and Weed In Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Crop Protection, 15(2), 1-14.
- Basnet, P., Clay, S., & Byamukama, E. (2019). Determination of weed hosts of soybean cyst nematode in South Dakota. Weed Technology, 377 - 382.
- Bellé, C., Kulczynski, S., Kaspary, T., & Kuhn, e. (2017). Plantas Daninhas Como Hospedeiras Alternativas Para Meloidogyen incognita. Nematropica, 47, 26-33.
- Bellé, C., Ramos, R., Rubin Balardin, R., Nora, D., & Kaspary, T. (2020). Multiplication potential of Meloidogyne arenaria in weeds found in Brazil. Eur J Plant Pathol, 157, 441-447.
- Bellé, C., Ramos, R., Balardin, R., Nora, D., & Kaspary, T. (2019). Host weed species range of Meloidogyne ethiopica whitehead (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) found in Brazil. Eur J Plant Pathol (, 156, 979-985.
- Bernard, E. C., Chaffin, A., & Gwinn, K. (2022). Review of nematode interactions with hemp (Cannabis sativa). Journal of Nematology, 54, 1-18. doi:10.21307/jofnem-2022-002
- Burelle, N., & Rosskopf, E. (2012). Susceptibility of Several Common Subtropical Weeds to Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica. Journal of Nematology, 44(2), 142 - 147.
- CABI. (2019). Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode). In In: Invasive species compendium. Wallingford.
- Castillo, P., Rapoport, H., Rius, J., & Díaz, R. (2008). Suitability of weed species prevailing in Spanish vineyards as hosts for root-knot nematodes. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 120, 43–51.
- Christie, J. (1957). The yellows disease of pepper and spreading decline of citrus. Plant Disease Reporter, 41(4), 267 - 268.
- Coyne, D. L., Cortada, L., Dalzell, J., Cole, A., Haukeland, S., Luambano, N., & Talwana, H. (2018). Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 381 - 403.
- Creech, J. E., Webb, J., Young, B., Bond, J., Harrison, S., Ferris, V., . . . Johnson, W. (2007). Development of Soybean Cyst Nematode on Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) and Purple Deadnettle (Lamium purpureum). Weed Technology, 21, 1064-1070.
- Duyck, P.-F., Pavoine, S., Tixier, P., Chabrier, C., & Que´ne´herve, P. (2009). Host range as an axis of niche partitioning in the plant-feeding nematode community of banana agroecosystems. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 41, 1139–1145.
- Eisenback, J. D. (2020, 5 8). Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode). doi:https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.33245.
- Ercan, H., & Elekcioğlu, İ. (2009). Adana ve Mersin illerinde yabancı otlarda bulunan Kök-ur nematod türlerinin (Meloidogyne spp.) (Nemata: Meloidogynidae) belirlenmesi1. Türk. entomol. derg, 33(3), 179-192.
- Esker, P. D. (2023, 03 31). Plant Parasitic Nematodes Explained. https://extension.psu.edu adresinden alındı.
- Evlice, E., & Bayram, Ş. (2016). Türkiye Patates Üretiminde Önemli Bir Tehdit: Kolombiya Kök-Ur Nematodu [Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden, O’Bannon, Santos & Finley, 1980 (Nemata: Tylenchida)]. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(1), 132-144.
- Gast, R. E., Wilson, R., & Kerr, E. (1984). Lesion Nematode (Pratylenchus spp.) Infection of Weed Species and Fieldbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Science, 32(5), 616-620.
- Gebremichael, G. N. (2015). A Review on Biology and Management of Radopholus similis. Advances in Life Science and Technology, 26, 91-96.
- Gharabadiyan, F., Jamali, S., Yazdi, A., Hadizadeh, M., & Eskandari, A. (2012). Weed Hosts of Root-Knot Nematodes In Tomato Fields. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 52(2), 230-234.
- Giraldeli , A., San Gregorio, J., Monquero, P., Aguillera, M., & Ribeiro, N. (2017). Weeds Hosts of Nematodes in Sugarcane Culture. Planta Daninha(35), 1-7.
- Gowen, S., Queneherve, P., & Fogain, P. (2005). Nematode Parasites of Bananas and Plantains. Biochem., J., 151-157.
- Hoyle, A., & Prior, T. (2023). Meloidogyne chitwoodi. 05 07, 2024 tarihinde https://planthealthportal.defra.gov.uk/: https://planthealthportal.defra.gov.uk/assets/factsheets/Plant-Pest-Factsheet-M-chitwoodi.pdf adresinden alındı.
- İmren, M., & Elekcioğlu, İ. (2018). Diyarbakır İli Buğday, Sebze ve Bağ Alanlarında Önemli Bitki Paraziti Nematod Türlerinin Belirlenmesi. Ç.Ü Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü , 116- 121.
- Inserra , R., Dunn, R., Sorley , R., Langdon , A., & Richmer, A. (1989). Weed hosts of Rotylenchulus reniformis. Nematol Circular Gainesville,, 4.
- Johnson, W. G., Creech, J., & Mock, V. (2008). Role of Winter Annual Weeds as Alternative Hosts for Soybean Cyst Nematode. Crop Management.
- Jones, J. T., Danchin, E., Gaur, H., Helder, J., Jones, M., Kikuchi, T., . . . Perry, R. (2013). Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology. Molecular Plant Pathology, 14(9), 946-961.
- Jordaan, E., & Waele, D. (1988). Host Status of Five Weed Species and Their Effects on Pratylenchus zeae Infestation of Maize. Journal of Nematology, 20(4), 620-624.
- Kantarcı, Z., Gürkan, T., & Gürkan, B. (2023). Bazı Yabancı Ot Türlerinin Kök-Ur Nematodlarına (Meloidogyne incognita ırk 1 ve Meloidogyne incognita ırk 2) Karşı Reaksiyonlarının Araştırılması. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 26(3), 190-198.
Kaplan, D., & O’Bannon., J. (1985). Occurrence of biotypes in Radopholus citrophlus. Journal of Nematology, 17(158-162).
- Katı, T., & Mennan, S. (2006). Kök-Ur Nematodları ( Meloidogyne spp.) İle Biyolojik Mücadele. OMÜ Zir. Fak. Dergisi, 265-274.
- Khan, M. R. (2005). Hosts and Non-hosts of Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira, 1940 - A Critical Review. Environment & Ecology, 23(1), 124-140.
- Khan, R., & Khan, M. (1985). Portulaca oleracea hitherto unrecorded host of Rotylenchulus reniformis from India. Acta botanica Indıca, 13, 285-286.
- Kutywayo, V., & Been, T. (2006). Host status of six major weeds to Meloidogyne chitwoodi and Pratylenchus penetrans, including a preliminary field survey concerning other weeds. Nematology, 8(5), 647-657.
- Lawrence, K. S., Price, A., Lawrence, G., Jones, J., & Akridge, J. (2008). Weed Hosts for Rotylenchus reniformis in Cotton Fields Rotated With Corn in The SOUTHEAST OF THE UNITED STATES. Nematropica, 38, 13-22.
- Lopes, A., Soares, M., Chidichima, L., & Dias-arieira, C. (2019). Weed hosts of Meloidogyne spp. and the effect of aqueous weed extracts on egg hatching. European Weed Research Society, 142-149.
- Lopez, H. F., Soti, P., Jagdale, G., Grewal, P., & Racelis, A. (2021). Weeds as Hosts of Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical Agriculture Systems. Subtropical Agriculture and Environments (72), 1-6.
- McCarter, J., Mitreva, M., Martin, J., Dante, M., Wylie, T., Rao, U., . . . Waterston, R. (2003). Analysis and functional classification of transcripts from the nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Genome Biology, 1-19.
- Mock, V. A., Creech, J., Johnson, B., Faghihi, J., Ferris, V., Westphal, A., & Bradley, K. (2011). Winter Annual Weeds and Soybean Cyst Nematode Management With a Guide for Identifying Known Weed Hosts. Purdue Extension. Purdue University.
Moens, M., Perry, R., & Starr, J. (2009). Meloidogyne Species - a Diverse Group of Novel and Important Plant Parasites. Wallingford: CABI.
- Munif, A., Butarbutar, E., Pradana, A., & Yousif , A. (2022). Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated With Common Horticultural Weeds. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology , 1-11.
- Nitidi, K. N., Fourie, H., & Daneel, M. (2015). Greenhouse and field evaluations of commonly occurring weed species for their host suitability to Meloidogyne species. International Journal of Pest Management, 1-9.
- Ntidi, K., Fourie, H., & Daneel, M. (2015). Greenhouse and field evaluations of commonly occurring weed species for their host suitability to Meloidogyne species. International Journal of Pest Management. doi:10.1080/09670874.2015.1087602.
- Poromarto, S. H., Graming, G., Nelson, B., & Jain, S. (2015). Evaluation of Weed Species from the Northern Great Plains as Hosts of Soybean Cyst Nematode. Plant Health Research, 16(1), 23-28.
- Queneherve, P., Drob, F., & Topart, P. (1995). Host Status of some Weeds to Meloidogyne spp. Pratylenchus spp. Heucotylenhus spp. and Rotylenchus reniformis Associated With Vegetables Cultivated in Polytunnels in Martinique. Laboratoire de Nematologie, 149 - 157.
- Rahman, A., & Hirschmann, H. (1990). Morphological Comparison of Three Host Races of Meloidogyne javanica. Journal of Nematology, 22(1), 56-68.
- Rich, J. R., Brito, J., Kaur, R., & Ferrell, J. (2008). Weed Species as Hosts of Meloidogyne: A Review. Nmatropica, 157- 185.
- Rocha, L. F., Gage,, K., Pimentel, M., Bond, J., & Fakhoury, A. (2021). Weeds Hosting the Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe): Management Implications in Agroecological Systems. Agronomy, 1-16.
- Rodríguez, L. A., Pereira, D., Ruiz, A., & Chaves, L. (2022). Plant- Parasitic Nematodes Associated With Weeds In Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Fields From Northern Area of Cartago, Costa Rica. Nematropica 5, 52, 33-44.
- Rusinque, L., Nóbrega, F., Serra, C., & Inácio, M. (2022). The Northern Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla: New Host Records in Portugal. biology, 1-9.
- Samaliev, H., & Markova, D. (2014). Ability of Eight Weeds In Potato Fields of Bulgaria to Host The Root Lesion Nematodes Pratylechus penetrans and P. neglectus. Science & Technologies, 4(6), 32-37.
- Smiley, R. W., Yan, G., & Gourlie, J. (2014). Selected Pacific Northwest Rangeland and Weed Plants as Hosts of Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei. Plant Disease, 98(10), 1332 - 1340.
- Subedi, S., Thapa, B., & Shrestha, J. (2020). Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and its management: a review. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 3(2), 21-31. doi:https://doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i2.32298.
- Sumita, K., & Vivekananda, Y. (2023). A Southern Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) First Reported on Cucumber in Manipur. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1-4.
- Téliz, D., Landa, B., Rapoport, H., Camacho, F., Jiménez-Díaz, R., & Castillo, P. (2007). Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Infecting Grapevine in Southern Spain and Susceptible Reaction to Root-Knot Nematodes of Rootstocks Reported as Moderately Resistant. The American Phytopathological Society , 1147 - 1154 .
- Thomas, S. H., Schroeder, J., & Murray , L. (2005). The Role of Weeds in Nematode Management. Weed Scienc, 53, 923-928.
- Thomas, S. H., Schroeder, J., & Murray, L. (2004). Cyperus Tubers Protect Meloidogyne incognita from 1,3-Dichloropropene. Journal of Nematology, 36(2), 131-136.
- Toktay, H., Bozbuğa, R., İmren, M., Kasapoğlu, E., & Elekcioğlu, İ. (2014). Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood ve Meloidogyne hapla (Chitwood, 1949) (Nemata: Meloidogynidae) Yumurtalarının Açılmasına Farklı Uygulamaların Etkisi ve İkinci Dönem Larvalarının Beslenmeden Yaşayabilme Süreleri. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(4), 509 - 515.
- Torun, H., Özkil, M., Dinçer, D., & Çeliktopuz, E. (2021). Muz Alanlarında Görülen Yabancı Otlar, Mücadelesi, Nematodlarla İlişkisi ve Muz Yetiştiriciliğinde Sulamanın Yabancı Ot Yönetimine Etkisi. Turk J. Weed Sci., 24(1), 29-38.
- Vanstone, V. A., & Russ, M. (2001). Ability of weeds to host the root lesion nematodes Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei II*. Broad-leaf weeds. Australasian Plant Pathology, 30, 251-258.
- Venkatesh, R., Harrison, S., & Riedel, R. (2000). Weed Hosts of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) in Ohio. Weed Technolog, 14, 156-160.
- Vestergård, M. (2019). Trap crops for Meloidogyne hapla management and its integration with supplementary strategies. Applied Soil Ecology, 105 - 110.
- Watson, T. T., Strauss, S., & Desaeger, J. (2020). Identification and characterization of Javanese root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) suppressive soils in Florida. Applied Soil Ecology, 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103597.
- Werle, R., Giesler, L., Bernards, M., & Lindquist, J. (2015). Likelihood of Soybean Cyst Nematode ( Heterodera glycines) Reproduction on Henbit ( Lamium amplexicaule) Roots in Nebraska. Weed Technology, 29, 35-41.
- Wisler, G. C., & Norris, R. (2005). Interactions between weeds and cultivated plants as related to management of plant pathogens. Weed Science, 53, 914-917.
- Yadav, L., & Nandawa, P. (1976). A record of some new and known weed hosts of Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira. Indian J. Nematol., 6, 94-95.
- Zhang, Y., Wang, M., Zhao, D., Chunye , L., & Liu, Z. (2023). Early weed identification based on deep learning: A review. Smart Agricultural Technology, 1-11.