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Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 171 - 174, 31.10.2020

Abstract

References

  • 1. Moris D, Folkers GK, Anthony F. What is a pandemic? The Jour- nal of Infectious Diseases 2009;200(7):1018-21.
  • 2. IA Khan. Plague: The dreadful visitation occupying the human mind for centuries. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2004;98(5):270-7.
  • 3. Glezen WP. Emerging infections: Pandemic influenza. Epidemi- ologic Reviews 1996;18(1):64-76.
  • 4. C Thèves, P Biagini, E Crubézy. The rediscovery of smallpox. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014;20(3):210-8.
  • 5. Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response: A WHO Guid- ance Document. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009.
  • 6. Jaacks LM, Vandevijvere S, Pan A et al. The obesity transi- tion: Stages of the global epidemic. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019;7(3):231-40.
  • 7. Institute of Medicine (US) Forum on Microbial Threats. Glob- al climate change and extreme weather events: Understanding the contributions to infectious disease emergence: Workshop summa- ry. Washington (DC) National Academies Press (US); 2008.
  • 8. Garnett GP, Lewis JJC. The impact of population growth on the epidemiology and evolution of infectious diseases. In: Caraël M, Glynn JR, editors. HIV, Resurgent Infections and Population Change in Africa. International Studies in Population. Springer, Dordrecht; 2007:7.p. 27-41.
  • 9. Greene WC. A history of AIDS: Looking back to see ahead. Eu- ropean Journal of Immunology 2007;37:94-102.
  • 10. Anderson RM, Fraser C, Ghani AC et al. Epidemiology, trans- mission dynamics and control of SARS: the 2002-2003 epidemic. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2004;359(1447):1091-105.
  • 11. Musso D, Gubler DJ. Zika virus. Clin Microbiol Rev 2016;29(3):487-524.
  • 12. Mackay IM, Arden KE. MERS coronavirus: Diagnostics, epide- miology and transmission. Virol J 2015;12:222.
  • 13. Li W, Moore M, Vasilieva N et al. Angiotensin-converting en- zyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature 2020;426:450–4.
  • 14. Callaway E. The coronavirus is mutating — does it matter? Na- ture 2020;585:174-7.
  • 15. de Wilde AH, Snijder EJ, Kikkert M et al. Host Factors in Coro- navirus Replication. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018;419:1-42.
  • 16. Guo YR, Cao QD, Hong ZS et al. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) out- break - an update on the status. Mil Med Res 2020;7(1):11.
  • 17. Le Quéré C, Jackson RB, Jones MW et al. Temporary reduction in daily global CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 forced con- finement. Nat Clim Chang 2020;10:647–53.
  • 18. Cullmann J, Dilley Maxx, Egerton P et al. 2020 State of climate services. WMO 2020:1-47.
  • 19. Friedlingstein P, Jones MW, O’Sullivan M et al. Global Carbon Budget 2019. Earth Sys Sci Data 2019;11:1783–838.
  • 20. Peters GP, Andrew RM, Canadell JG et al. Carbon dioxide emis- sions continue to grow amidst slowly emerging climate policies. Nat Clim Change 2020;10:3–6.
  • 21. Rosen GE, Smith, KF. Summarizing the Evidence on the inter- national trade in illegal wildlife. EcoHealth 2010;7(1):24-32.
  • 22. Karesh WB, Cook RA, Bennett EL et al. Wildlife trade and glob- al disease emergence. Emerg Infect Dis 2005;11(7):1000-2.
  • 23. Berger D. A brief history of medical diagnosis and the birth of the clinical laboratory. Part 1-Ancient times through the 19th cen- tury. Med Lab Obs 1999;31(7):28-30, 32, 34-40.
  • 24. Bettmann OL, Hench PS. A Pictorial History of Medicine. 1st ed. Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd; 1956.
  • 25. Cunningham A, Williams P. The Laboratory Revolution in Med- icine. Cambridge, Great Britain: Cambridge University Press; 1992.
  • 26. Kvedar J, Coye MJ, Everett W. Connected health: A review of technologies and strategies to improve patient care with telemedi- cine and telehealth. Health Affairs 2014;33:194-9.
  • 27. Gonçalves-Bradley DC, Maria AR, Ricci-Cabello I et al. Mobile technologies to support healthcare provider to healthcare provider communication and management of care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;8(8):1-104.
  • 28. Hollander JE, Carr BG. Virtually perfect? telemedicine for Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1679-81.
  • 29. Chaet D, Clearfield R, Sabin JE et al. Ethical practice in tele- health and telemedicine. J Gen Intern Med 2017;32(10):1136-40.

THE FOURTH HORSEMAN OF 21ST CENTURY: COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 171 - 174, 31.10.2020

Abstract

As the end of 2020 is approaching, its finest message to all of us has been how a pernicious virus like Sars-CoV-2 can change the pace of the world, by being an impetus to a global pandemic. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. Since then, it has infected more than 40 million and killed at least 1.1 million people as this review was written (October 2020). However, the 2020's come not only with challenges, such as the pandemic itself, but also with opportunities for possible breakthroughs. Throughout human history, physicians examined their patients by touching them, arranged appropriate treat- ments by diagnosing them applying both usual and unusual methods, and tried their best to protect public health, in some cases even by testing the drugs and vaccines they discovered on themselves first. Bedside medicine to hospital medicine, followed by laboratory medicine, are the three crucial cornerstones accepted in the medical history. We now face a fourth potential corner- stone-to-be: could the telecommunication of physicians with their patients through the internet become the fourth essential cornerstone in the history of medicine?

References

  • 1. Moris D, Folkers GK, Anthony F. What is a pandemic? The Jour- nal of Infectious Diseases 2009;200(7):1018-21.
  • 2. IA Khan. Plague: The dreadful visitation occupying the human mind for centuries. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2004;98(5):270-7.
  • 3. Glezen WP. Emerging infections: Pandemic influenza. Epidemi- ologic Reviews 1996;18(1):64-76.
  • 4. C Thèves, P Biagini, E Crubézy. The rediscovery of smallpox. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014;20(3):210-8.
  • 5. Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response: A WHO Guid- ance Document. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009.
  • 6. Jaacks LM, Vandevijvere S, Pan A et al. The obesity transi- tion: Stages of the global epidemic. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019;7(3):231-40.
  • 7. Institute of Medicine (US) Forum on Microbial Threats. Glob- al climate change and extreme weather events: Understanding the contributions to infectious disease emergence: Workshop summa- ry. Washington (DC) National Academies Press (US); 2008.
  • 8. Garnett GP, Lewis JJC. The impact of population growth on the epidemiology and evolution of infectious diseases. In: Caraël M, Glynn JR, editors. HIV, Resurgent Infections and Population Change in Africa. International Studies in Population. Springer, Dordrecht; 2007:7.p. 27-41.
  • 9. Greene WC. A history of AIDS: Looking back to see ahead. Eu- ropean Journal of Immunology 2007;37:94-102.
  • 10. Anderson RM, Fraser C, Ghani AC et al. Epidemiology, trans- mission dynamics and control of SARS: the 2002-2003 epidemic. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2004;359(1447):1091-105.
  • 11. Musso D, Gubler DJ. Zika virus. Clin Microbiol Rev 2016;29(3):487-524.
  • 12. Mackay IM, Arden KE. MERS coronavirus: Diagnostics, epide- miology and transmission. Virol J 2015;12:222.
  • 13. Li W, Moore M, Vasilieva N et al. Angiotensin-converting en- zyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature 2020;426:450–4.
  • 14. Callaway E. The coronavirus is mutating — does it matter? Na- ture 2020;585:174-7.
  • 15. de Wilde AH, Snijder EJ, Kikkert M et al. Host Factors in Coro- navirus Replication. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018;419:1-42.
  • 16. Guo YR, Cao QD, Hong ZS et al. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) out- break - an update on the status. Mil Med Res 2020;7(1):11.
  • 17. Le Quéré C, Jackson RB, Jones MW et al. Temporary reduction in daily global CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 forced con- finement. Nat Clim Chang 2020;10:647–53.
  • 18. Cullmann J, Dilley Maxx, Egerton P et al. 2020 State of climate services. WMO 2020:1-47.
  • 19. Friedlingstein P, Jones MW, O’Sullivan M et al. Global Carbon Budget 2019. Earth Sys Sci Data 2019;11:1783–838.
  • 20. Peters GP, Andrew RM, Canadell JG et al. Carbon dioxide emis- sions continue to grow amidst slowly emerging climate policies. Nat Clim Change 2020;10:3–6.
  • 21. Rosen GE, Smith, KF. Summarizing the Evidence on the inter- national trade in illegal wildlife. EcoHealth 2010;7(1):24-32.
  • 22. Karesh WB, Cook RA, Bennett EL et al. Wildlife trade and glob- al disease emergence. Emerg Infect Dis 2005;11(7):1000-2.
  • 23. Berger D. A brief history of medical diagnosis and the birth of the clinical laboratory. Part 1-Ancient times through the 19th cen- tury. Med Lab Obs 1999;31(7):28-30, 32, 34-40.
  • 24. Bettmann OL, Hench PS. A Pictorial History of Medicine. 1st ed. Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd; 1956.
  • 25. Cunningham A, Williams P. The Laboratory Revolution in Med- icine. Cambridge, Great Britain: Cambridge University Press; 1992.
  • 26. Kvedar J, Coye MJ, Everett W. Connected health: A review of technologies and strategies to improve patient care with telemedi- cine and telehealth. Health Affairs 2014;33:194-9.
  • 27. Gonçalves-Bradley DC, Maria AR, Ricci-Cabello I et al. Mobile technologies to support healthcare provider to healthcare provider communication and management of care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;8(8):1-104.
  • 28. Hollander JE, Carr BG. Virtually perfect? telemedicine for Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1679-81.
  • 29. Chaet D, Clearfield R, Sabin JE et al. Ethical practice in tele- health and telemedicine. J Gen Intern Med 2017;32(10):1136-40.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Collection
Authors

İnci Kadribey This is me 0000-0002-6703-354X

Fatih Erkan Akay This is me 0000-0001-7598-1016

Publication Date October 31, 2020
Submission Date October 5, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kadribey, İ., & Akay, F. E. (2020). THE FOURTH HORSEMAN OF 21ST CENTURY: COVID-19 PANDEMIC. Turkish Medical Student Journal, 7(3), 171-174.
AMA Kadribey İ, Akay FE. THE FOURTH HORSEMAN OF 21ST CENTURY: COVID-19 PANDEMIC. TMSJ. October 2020;7(3):171-174.
Chicago Kadribey, İnci, and Fatih Erkan Akay. “THE FOURTH HORSEMAN OF 21ST CENTURY: COVID-19 PANDEMIC”. Turkish Medical Student Journal 7, no. 3 (October 2020): 171-74.
EndNote Kadribey İ, Akay FE (October 1, 2020) THE FOURTH HORSEMAN OF 21ST CENTURY: COVID-19 PANDEMIC. Turkish Medical Student Journal 7 3 171–174.
IEEE İ. Kadribey and F. E. Akay, “THE FOURTH HORSEMAN OF 21ST CENTURY: COVID-19 PANDEMIC”, TMSJ, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 171–174, 2020.
ISNAD Kadribey, İnci - Akay, Fatih Erkan. “THE FOURTH HORSEMAN OF 21ST CENTURY: COVID-19 PANDEMIC”. Turkish Medical Student Journal 7/3 (October 2020), 171-174.
JAMA Kadribey İ, Akay FE. THE FOURTH HORSEMAN OF 21ST CENTURY: COVID-19 PANDEMIC. TMSJ. 2020;7:171–174.
MLA Kadribey, İnci and Fatih Erkan Akay. “THE FOURTH HORSEMAN OF 21ST CENTURY: COVID-19 PANDEMIC”. Turkish Medical Student Journal, vol. 7, no. 3, 2020, pp. 171-4.
Vancouver Kadribey İ, Akay FE. THE FOURTH HORSEMAN OF 21ST CENTURY: COVID-19 PANDEMIC. TMSJ. 2020;7(3):171-4.