<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>tojdac</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>The Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2146-5193</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Deniz YENGİN</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7456/tojdac.1735981</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Public Participation and Community Engagement</subject>
                                                            <subject>Urban Morphology</subject>
                                                            <subject>Interior Architecture </subject>
                                                            <subject>Architectural Heritage and Conservation</subject>
                                                            <subject>Protection, Restoration and Repair in Buildings, Environment, Habitation and Products</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Kamu Katılımı ve Toplum İştiraki</subject>
                                                            <subject>Kent Morfolojisi</subject>
                                                            <subject>İç Mimarlık </subject>
                                                            <subject>Mimari Miras ve Koruma</subject>
                                                            <subject>Yapı, Çevre, Yerleşim ve Ürünlerde Koruma, Restorasyon, Yenileme</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>ADAPTIVE REUSE OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS FOR EDUCATION: ISTANBUL COMMERCE UNIVERSITY</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>TARİHİ YAPILARIN EĞİTİM İŞLEVİYLE YENİDEN KULLANILMASI: İSTANBUL TİCARET ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖRNEĞİ</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-9918</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Özkan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Kardelen</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL TİCARET ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9501-9174</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Şentürk</surname>
                                    <given-names>Aylin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL TİCARET ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20251001">
                    <day>10</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>15</volume>
                                        <issue>4</issue>
                                        <fpage>1317</fpage>
                                        <lpage>1334</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250706">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>06</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20250930">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>30</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011, The Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>The Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>This study investigates the adaptive reuse of historical buildings for educational purposes, with a focus on Istanbul Commerce University’s former Eminonu campus, the registered “Istanbul Commerce Palace.” Conducted through a qualitative case study methodology, the research evaluates the architectural and functional transformation of the building by means of archival researc, on-site observations, spatial analyses, photographic documentation and interviews with stakeholders. Additionally, to comprehensively address the impacts of adaptive reuse on heritage structures, a systematic review of 14 articles published within the last five years was carried out. Based on the literature analysis, key factors influencing the success of the adaptive reuse process were identified, and four primary evaluation criteria were developed. The Istanbul Commerce Palace was then assessed according to these criteria. The findings reveal that repurposing historical buildings for educational functions not only ensures their physical sustainability but also enhances social interaction, contributes to the preservation of cultural heritage, and supports urban memory and spatial belonging. In this context, to augment the building’s existing potential and strengthen its alignment with the identified criteria, a complementary spatial design proposal is presented within the scope of the study. This research contributes to the literature on sustainable heritage conservation by highlighting how adaptive reuse can function as an effective and meaningful strategy for integrating architectural heritage into contemporary urban contexts.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Bu çalışma, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi&#039;nin eski Eminönü kampüsü olan tescilli “İstanbul Ticaret Sarayı’na odaklanarak, tarihi yapıların eğitim amacıyla yeniden işlevlendirilmesini incelemektedir. Nitel bir vaka çalışması yöntemiyle yürütülen araştırma kapsamında; arşiv belgeleri, yerinde gözlemler, mekânsal analizler, fotoğraf dokümantasyonu ve paydaşlarla yapılan görüşmeler yoluyla yapının mimari ve işlevsel dönüşümü değerlendirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, yeniden işlevlendirmenin miras yapıları üzerindeki etkilerini daha kapsamlı bir çerçevede ele alabilmek amacıyla, son beş yıl içinde yayımlanmış 14 makale sistematik olarak incelenmiştir. Literatür analizi sonucunda, yeniden işlevlendirme sürecinin başarısını etkileyen temel faktörler belirlenmiş ve dört ana değerlendirme kriteri geliştirilmiştir. İstanbul Ticaret Sarayı yapısı da bu kriterler doğrultusunda değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, tarihi yapıların eğitim işleviyle yeniden kullanıma açılmasının yalnızca fiziksel sürdürülebilirliği sağlamakla kalmayıp, aynı zamanda sosyal etkileşimi güçlendirdiğini, kültürel mirasın korunmasına katkı sunduğunu ve kent belleği ile mekânsal aidiyeti desteklediğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu bağlamda, yapının mevcut potansiyelini artırmak ve değerlendirilen kriterlerle uyumunu güçlendirmek adına, araştırma kapsamında tamamlayıcı bir mekansal tasarım önerisi sunulmuştur. Bu araştırma, yeniden işlevlendirmenin, mimari mirasın çağdaş kentsel bağlamlara etkili ve anlamlı şekilde entegre edilmesini sağlayan sürdürülebilir bir koruma stratejisi olabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>apative reuse</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  heritage conservation</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  educational buildings</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  urban identitiy</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>yeniden işlevlendirme</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  miras koruma</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  eğitim yapıları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  kentsel kimlik</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Abbas, Z., &amp; Ashour, A. S. (2024). Adaptive Reuse (AR) of Historical and Heritage Buildings Through Concepts of Addition and Expansion. BIO Web of Conferences (p. 00104). Baghdad: BIO Web of Conferences.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Abdullah, F., Basha, B., &amp; Soomro, A. R. (2017). Sustainable Heritage: Analytical Study on the Viability of Adaptive Reuse with Social Approach, Case Study of Asia Heritage Ros, Kuala Lumpur. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 23(7), 6179.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aigwi, E., Ingham, J., Phipps, R. A., &amp; Filippova, O. (2020). Identifying Parameters for a Performance-based Framework: Towards Prioritising Underutilised Historical Buildings for Adaptive Reuse in New Zealand. Cities, 102(102756).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Anibarro, M., Andrade, M., &amp; Jimenez-Morales, E. (2023). A Multicriteria Approach to Adaptive Reuse of Industrial Heritage: Case Studies of Riverside Power Plants. Land, 12(2), 314.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Arfa, F. H., Lubelli, B., Zijlstra, H., &amp; Quist, W. (2022b). Criteria of “Effectiveness” and Related Aspects in Adaptive Reuse Projects of Heritage Buildings. Sustainability, 14(3), 1251.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Arfa, F. H., Zijlstra, H., Lubelli, B., &amp; Quist, W. (2022a). Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings: From a Literature Review to a Model of Practice. The Historic Environment Policy &amp; Practice, 13(7), 1-23.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ashworth, G. (2012). Preservation, Conservation and Heritage: Approaches to the Past in the Present Through the Built Environment. Asian Anthropolgy, 10(1), 1-18.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Assmann, J., &amp; Czaplika, J. (1995). Collective Memory and Cultural Identity. New German Critique, 65, 125-133.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Balta, M. Ö. (2022). An AHP-Based Multi-Criteria Model for Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings. Geographies, Planning &amp; Tourism StudioS, 2(1), 40-45.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bullen, P. A., &amp; Love, P. E. (2011). Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings. Stuructural Survey, 29(5), 411-421.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Burden, E. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Architectural Preservation: Restoration, Rehabilition, Reuse. Mc-Graw Hills.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">(1931). Carta Del Restauro. ICOMOS.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">(1987). Charter for the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas (The Washington Charter). ICOMOS.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">(1999). Charter on the Built Vernacular Heritage. ICOMOS.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chen, C.-S., Chiu, Y.-H., &amp; Tsai, L. (2018). Evaluating the Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings Through Multicriteria Decision-Making. Habitat International, 8, 12-23.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Djebbour, I., &amp; Biara, R. W. (2020). THE Chalenge of Adaptive Reuse Towards the Sustainability of Heritage Buildings. International Journal of Conservation Science, 11(2), 519-530.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dober, R. P. (1996). Campus Architecture: Building in the Groves of Academe. McGraw-Hill.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Douglas, J. (2006). Building Adaptation. Butterworth Heinmann.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gautam, A. K., Thakur, R., Mishra, A., &amp; Kaushik, N. (2025). Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings for Preserving the Past. Architecture Image Studies, 6(1), 324-333.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gravagnuolo, A., Angrisano, M., Bosone, M., Buglione, F., Toro, P. D., &amp; Girard, L. F. (2024). Participatory evaluation of cultural heritage adaptive reuse interventions in the circular economy perspective: A case study of historic buildings in Salerno (Italy). Journal of Urban Management, 13(1), 107-139.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gregorio, S. D., Vita, M. D., Berardinis, P. D., Palmero, L., &amp; Risdonne, A. (2020). Designing the Sustainable Adaptive Reuse of Industrial Heritage to Enhance the Local Context. Sustainability, 12(21), 9059.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gülen, M., &amp; Kılınç, M. (2018). İstanbul&#039;un Cumhuriyet Dönemi Modern Mimarlık Mirası: Orhan Şahinler&#039;in Türkiye Modern Mimarlığı&#039;na Bıraktığı İki Miras: İstanbul Ticaret Odası Sarayı ve Üsküdar Vapur İskelesi. Mimar.ist, 62, 71-77.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hong, Y., &amp; Chen, F. (2017). Evulating the Adaptive Reuse Potential of Buildings in Conservation Areas. Facilities, 35(3-4), 202-219.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hou, H., &amp; Wu, H. (2020). A Case Study of Facilities Management for Heritage Building Revitalisation. Facilities, 38(3-4), 201-207.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">(1964). International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites (The Venice Charter). ICOMOS.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">IBB. (2012). Tarihi Yarımada 1/5000 Ölçekli Koruma Amaçlı Nazım İmar Planı Raporu. İstanbul: İBB Şehir Planlama Müdürlüğü.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">IBB. (2018). Tarihi Yarımada Alan Yönetim Planı. İstanbul: IBB Şehir Planlama Müdürlüğü.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">İstanbul Ticaret Odası Proje Yarışması. (1963). Arkitekt, 14(6), 963-980.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Joudifar, F., &amp; Türker, Ö. O. (2020). A ‘Reuse Projection Framework’ Based on Othello’s Citadel and Cultural Tourism. The Historic Environment: Policy &amp; Practice, 11(2-3), 202-231.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kee, T., &amp; Chau, K. W. (2020). Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Architecture and its External Effects on Sustainable Built Environment—Hedonic Pricing Model and Case Studies in Hong Kong. Sustainable Development, 28(6), 1597-1608.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Köksal, A. (2016). Bir Geleneğin Son Temsilcisi: Orhan Şahinler. Mimar.ist, 57, 70-74.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kuban, D. (2000). Tarihi Çevre Korumanın Mimarlık Boyutu: Kuram ve Uygulama. Yem Yayın.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lah, L. (2019). Adaptive Re-use of the Built Heritage. Prostor, 27(57), 140-151.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lanz, F., &amp; Pendlebury, J. (2022). Adaptive Reuse: A Critical Review. The Journal of Architecture, 27(2-3), 441-462.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Li, Y., Zhao, L., Huang, J., &amp; Law, A. (2021). Research Frameworks, Methodologies, and Assessment Methods Concerning the Adaptive Reuse of Architectural Heritage: A Review. Built Heritage, 5(6).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lotfi, Y. A., &amp; Aly, T. F. (2025). Evaluating the long-term impact of adaptive reuse on heritage spaces: a case study of Aslam square in Cairo, Egypt. Built Heritage, 9(20).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lynch, S., &amp; Proverbs, D. (2019). How Adaption of Historic Listed Buildings Affords Access. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 28(4), 589-605.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pintossi, N., Kaya, D. İ., &amp; Roders, A. P. (2021). Assessing Cultural Heritage Adaptive Reuse Practices: Multi-Scale Challenges and Solutions in Rijeka. Sustainability, 13(7), 3603.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Plevoets, B., &amp; Cleempoel, K. V. (2011). Adaptive Reuse as a Strategy towards Conservation of Cultural Heritage: a Literature Review. Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XII (pp. 155-164). WIT Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Plevoets, B., &amp; Cleempoel, K. V. (2019). Adaptive Reuse of the Built Heritage: Concepts and Cases of an Emerging Discipline. Routledge.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Stone, S. (2019). Undoing Buildings: Adaptive Reuse and Cultural Memory. Routledge.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Swensen, G., &amp; Granberg, M. (2024). The Impact of Images on the Adaptive Reuse of Post-Industrial Sites. The Historic Environment: Policy &amp; Practice, 15(1), 101-129.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Şahinler, O. (1970). İstanbul Ticaret Sarayı. Mimarlık, 7, 41-44.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Şahinler, O. (1971). İstanbul Ticaret Odası Sarayı. Arkitekt, 1971, 57-62.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Şentürk, A., &amp; Gülersoy, N. Z. (2018). Aidiyet, Kent Kimliği ve Kentsel Koruma Etkileşimi Bağlamında Kullanıcı Sürekliliğinin İrdelenmesi: Kadıköy Moda Örneği. Megaron, 14(1), 145-159.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">(1975). The Declaration of Amsterdam. ICOMOS.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vafaie, F., Remoy, H., &amp; Gruis, V. (2023). Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings; a Systematic Literature Review of Success Factors. Habitat International, 142(102926).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vafaie, F., Remoy, H., &amp; Gruis, V. (2025). From Theory to Practice: Evaluating Success Factors of Adaptive Reuse Through a Case Study. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 15(3), 432-449.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vardopoulos, I., Tsilika, E., Sarantakou, E., Zorpas, A. A., Salvati, L., &amp; Tsartas, P. (2021). An Intergrated SWOT-PESTLE-AHP Model Assessing Sustainability in Adaptive Reuse Project. Applied Science, 11(15), 7134.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wang, G., &amp; Liu, S. (2021). Adaptability Evaluation of Historic Buildings as an Approach to Propose Adaptive Reuse Strategies Based on Complex Adaptive System Theory. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 52(1), 134-145.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wong, L. (2023). Adaptive Reuse in Architecture: A Typological Index. Birkhauser.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref52">
                        <label>52</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yatsenko, V., Osychenko, H., Tyshkevych, O., &amp; Toporkov, V. (2024). Adaptive Reuse of Historic Rural School Buildings in Ukraine in the Poltava Region. International Journal of Conservation Science, 15(SI), 73-88.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref53">
                        <label>53</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yung, E., Chan, E., &amp; Xu, Y. (2024). Community-Initiated Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings and Sustainable Development in the Inner City of Shanghai. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 140(3), 1-13.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref54">
                        <label>54</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zeadat, Z. F. (2023). Adaptive reuse challenges of Jordan’s heritage buildings: a critical review. International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 16(1), 95-107.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
