<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="reviewer-report"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>tojde</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1302-6488</issn>
                                                                                                        <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Anadolu University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Curriculum and Instration (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Eğitim Programları ve Öğretim (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>A MULTIDISCIPLINARY UMBRELLA REVIEW ON FLIPPED LEARNING OUTCOMES</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3979-6371</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Arslan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Abdullah</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>AKDENIZ UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3621-7228</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Iseri</surname>
                                    <given-names>Alaettin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KIRKLARELI UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260401">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>27</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>268</fpage>
                                        <lpage>304</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250619">
                        <day>06</day>
                        <month>19</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20250926">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>26</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2000, Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2000</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>This umbrella review synthesizes evidence from 41 qualitative, meta-analytic, and mixed-method reviews to reveal the effectiveness of FL on cognitive, affective, and interpersonal domains across STEM, Medical and Health Sciences (M&amp;amp;H), and Social Sciences (SS). The results reveal that while flipped learning (FL) demonstrates positive effects on academic achievement in mathematics, science, and English language teaching, evidence for other domanial outcomes across fields remains inconclusive due to several limitations such as study scope, methodology and regional restrictions. Specifically, evidence across fields on other cognitive outcomes including autonomy, conceptual understanding, and higher-order thinking skills has the potential for fostering autonomy, conceptual understanding, and higher-order thinking skills, but the current evidence base is insufficient to definitively confirm these claims. Similarly, FL practices across fields seem conducive to enhancing affective and interpersonal domain outcomes; however, the predominance of qualitative evidence necessitates more quantitative and mixed method research for robust conclusions. Our synthesis also highlights the lack of in-in reporting and exploration of specific mechanisms by which FL cultivates domanial outcomes such as higher order thinking skills, motivation, and collaboration. Moreover, the evidence in the reviews highlights the absence of detailed reporting on the measurement metrics used to assess affective and interpersonal outcomes across fields in the reviews. Researchers should prioritize discipline-specific investigations, explore outcome-related mechanisms, develop standardized metrics, and bridge the gap between theory and practice through the integration of relevant learning theories into the design of FL strategies.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Flipped learning</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  learning outcomes</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  multidisciplinary umbrella review</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  thematic analysis</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Abeysekera, L., &amp; Dawson, P. (2014). Motivation and cognitive load in the flipped classroom: Definition, rationale and a call for research. Higher Education Research &amp; Development, 34(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2014.934336</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Afonso, A., Morgado, L., Noguera, I., Sepúlveda-Parrini, P., Hernandez-Leo, D., Alkhasawneh, S. N., Spilker, M. J., &amp; Carvalho, I. C. (2025). Flexible learning by design: Enhancing faculty digital competence and engagement through the FLeD project. Education Sciences, 15(7), 934. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15070934</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Al-Hammouri, M. M., Rababah, J. A., Rowland, M. L., Tetreault, A. S., &amp; Aldalaykeh, M. (2020). Does novel teaching approach work? A students’ perspective. Nurse Education Today, 85, 104–229.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.104229</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Alonso, R. K., Vélez, A., Martínez-Monteagudo, M. C., &amp; Rico-González, M. (2023). Flipped learning in higher education for the development of intrinsic motivation: A systematic review. Education Sciences, 13(12), 1226. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13121226</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Altemueller, L., &amp; Lindquist, C. (2017). Flipped classroom instruction for inclusive learning. British Journal of Special Education, 44(3), 341–358. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12177</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
