<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article         dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>tojde</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1302-6488</issn>
                                                                                                        <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Anadolu University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Role and Effectiveness of Electronic Media in Higher  Education-With Special Reference to Tamilnadu</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Mr. S. ARULCHELVAN  Lecturer  Department of Media Sciences  College of Engineering</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Arulchelvan</surname>
                                    <given-names>S.</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Vıswanathan</surname>
                                    <given-names>D.</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20061201">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2006</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>7</volume>
                                        <issue>4</issue>
                                        <fpage>18</fpage>
                                        <lpage>35</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20150227">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>27</month>
                        <year>2015</year>
                    </date>
                                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2000, Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2000</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Radio has been the most economical, long-standing and the most widely present among various electronic media.  Despite the arrival of various media options, radio continues to remain as one of the dominant media among the public. Reports confirm that it has supported educational programs in a wide range of subject areas in many different countries.In this context, a research study was conducted on the patterns of radio listening among different categories of students such as urban and rural, male and female, distance and regular modes, English and other mediums of various branches of study. Examining notions on the possession, purpose, place, frequency, timing and duration of usage of radio programs in higher education in general and specific educational channel in particular, the study has assessed the outcomes indicated by user-satisfaction on radio. Findings of the study revealed that there is inadequate knowledge among students about the existence of educational radio. Opinions on program quality suggested a number of improvements to be made in order to enhance the reach of the media. The suggestions include the need to make the programs more interactive, localized and curriculum-based.</p></abstract>
                                                                                    
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Educational Radio; Gyanvani; Listening pattern; Awareness of Radio;  Possession of Radio; Mode of study</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Anna University</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                                                                                                    </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Academy for Educational Development (1979), &quot;Paraguay using radio for formal education in rural areas&quot;. Academy News, 2(2), 4. Washington, D.C.: Clearinghouse on Development Communication.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Academy for Educational Development (1980, April), &quot;Health education radio dramas, Sri Lanka&quot;. Project Profiles. Washington, D.C.: Clearinghouse on Development Communication.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Byram, M., &amp; Kidd, R. (1983) &quot;A hands-on-approach to popularizing radio learning group campaigns&quot;. Convergence, 16(4), 14-22.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Byram, M., Kaute, C., &amp; Matenge, K. (1980, October) &quot;Botswana takes participatory approach to mass media education campaign&quot;. Development Communication Report No. 32</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cooke, T., &amp; Romweber, G. (1977) &quot;Radio nutrition education - Using the advertising techniques to reach rural families: Philippines and Nicaragua&quot;. (Final Report). Washington, D.C.: Manoff International.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Faulder, D. (1984, March), &quot;Learning on air&quot;. Media in Education and Development, 7(1), 36-39.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Galda, K. &amp; Searle, B. (1980), &quot;The NIcaragua radio mathematics project&quot;: Introduction. California: Stanford University, Institute for Mathematical Studies in Social Studies</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Galda, K. (1984, March), &quot;Learning maths by radio&quot;. Media in Education and Development, 17 (1), 40-42.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gueri, M., Jutsun, P., &amp; White, A. (1978), &quot;Evaluation of a breastfeeding campaign in Trinidad&quot;. Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization, 12 (2).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ila Joshi, &quot;FM Radio for countrywide classroom&quot;, EMRC Report, Ahamadabad, Jan. 2001.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Inglis, Andrew. (1990), &#039;Behind the Tube: A History of Broadcasting, Technology and Business&#039;. Boston: Focal Press, 1990.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kumar. A, Sharma, R.C., Vyas. R.V. (2002) Educational Radio in India, Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE July 2002</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Long, T. (1984, March), &quot;Broadcasting for rural development&quot;. Media in Education and Development, 17(1), 17-19.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Park, H. (1967) &quot;Use and relative effectiveness of various channels of communications in the development of the Korean Family Planning Programme&quot;. In Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE). Report of the working group on communications aspects of family planning programmes and selected papers, Singapore, September 5- 15, 1967.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shears, A.E. (1984), &quot;Development of management courses for the agriculture sector in Nigeria&quot;. Programmed Learning and Educational Tehcnology, 21(2), 88-94.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Singhal and Rogers (1999), India’s communication revolution, Sage Publications 1999.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Singhal and Rogers (2001), &quot;India’s communication revolution, – from bullock carts to cyber marts&quot;. Sage publications 2001.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">White, R. (1976). An alternative pattern of basic education: Radio Santa Maria. Paris: UNESCO.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
