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Year 2013, Volume: 4 Issue: 40, 0 - , 30.09.2013

Ümit Morsünbül , Figen Çok

Abstract

Basic configurations about life in adolescence period appear around the identity development. Most adolescents make effort to constitute continuous sense of identity. Identity development is important in terms of both individuals’ mental health and transition to adulthood. Identity helps individuals to guide their decisions such as whether to marry, what career to choose. Constitution of identity by individuals and handling of theoretical identity development began to change as a result of socio-cultural changes. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in identity development literature and The Five-Dimensional Model of Identity Formation that is proposed by Luyckx et al. (2008a) The form of configuration of identity development has changed by the effects of globalization, postmodern culture and electronic communication tools. It is seen that with this change, exploration doesn’t produce positive results every time. Ruminative exploration is thought as a process that inhibits continuous sense of identity. In theory, it is seen that studies about identity development has started to focus on identity process rather than identity status. Five-Dimensional Model of Identity Formation provides more accurate investigation about identity development in adolescence period. As a result, The Five-Dimensional Model of Identity Formation will contribute to specialists who work both in educational and clinical environment to evaluate adolescent’s identity development

Keywords

adolescence identity development ruminative exploration

References

  • Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5): 469-480.
  • Arnett J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Bauman, Z. (2005). Bireyselleşmiş toplum (Çev. Yavuz Alogan). (2.Baskı), İstanbul, Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Baumeister, R. F. & Muraven, M. (1996). Identity as adaptation to social, cultural, and historical context. Journal of Adolescence, 19(3), 405–416.
  • Berzonsky, M. (1992). A process perspective on identity and stress management.In G.R. Adams & R.M. Montemarory (Eds). Adolescent Identity Formation (2nd. Ed., pp.193-215). Newbury Park: Sage Publication.
  • Berzonsky, M. D. (1999). Identity styles and hypothesis- testing strategies, The Journal of Social Psychology. 139(4), 784-789.
  • Berzonsky, M. D. (2003). The structure of identity: Commentary on Jane Kroger’s view of identity status transition. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 3(3), 231-345.
  • Berzonsky, M. D. (2005). Ego identity: A personal standpoint in a postmodern world. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 5(2), 125-136.
  • Beyers, W. & Çok, F. (2008). Adolescent self and identity development in context. Journal of Adolescence. 31(4), 147-150.
  • Bosma, H. A. (1994). Identity and development: An interdisciplinary approach. Thousand Oaks: Couf.
  • Bosma, H. A. (1995). Identity development in adolescence coping with commitments. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
  • Bosma, H. A. & Kunnen, E. S. (2008). Identity-in- context is not yet identity development-in-context. Journal of Adolescence, 31(4), 281-289.
  • Clancy, S. M. & Dollinger, S. J. (1993). Identity, self, and personality: I. Identity status and the five-factor model of personality. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 3(3), 227–245.
  • Coté, J. E. & Levine, C. (1987). A formulation of Erikson’s theory of ego identity formation. Developmental Review, 7(3), 273-325.
  • Côté, J. E. (2002). The role of identity capital in the transition to adulthood: The individualization thesis examined. Journal of Youth Studies, 5(2), 117-134.
  • Crocetti, E., Schwartz, S. J., Fermani, A. & Meuss, W. (2010). The Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS): Italian validation and cross-national comparisons. European Journal of Psychological Assessment. 26(3), 172-186.
  • Çuhadaroğlu, F., Canat, S., Kılıç, E., Şenol, S., Rugancı, N., Öncü, B.,…& Avcı, A. (2004). Ergen ve ruhsal sorunları: Durum saptama çalışması, Ankara, Tubitak Matbaası.
  • Eliş, B., Çelik, K., Ercan, H. & Çarkoğlu, A. (2008). Türkiye 2008 insani gelişim raporu. Ankara, Desen Ofset.
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö., Özgülük, S. B., Turan, N. & Danışık, N. (2009). Ergenlerde görülen psikolojik belirtilerin yordayıcıları olarak ruminasyon ve öfke/öfke ifade tarzları. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 4(32), 43-53.
  • Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
  • Göregenli, M. (1995). Kültürümüz açısından bireycilik- toplulukçuluk eğilimleri: Bir başlangıç çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10(35), 1-14.
  • Karaduman, S. (2010). Modernizimden postmodernizme kimliğin yapısal dönüşümü. Journal of Yaşar University, 17(5), 2886-2899.
  • Karakitapoğlu-Aygün, Z. (2002). Self-construals, perceived parenting styles and wellbeing in different cultural and socio-economic contexts. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Kidwell, J. S., Dunham, R. M., Bacho, R. A., Pastorino, E., & Portes, P. R. (1995). Adolescent identity exploration: A test of Erikson’s theory of transitional crisis. Adolescence, 30(120), 785–793.
  • Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Soenens, B., Beyers, W. & Vansteenkiste, M. (2005). Identity statuses based on 4 rather than 2 identity dimensions: Extending and refining Marcia’s paradigm. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(6), 605–618.
  • Luyckx, K., Goossens, L. & Soenens, B. (2006a). A developmental contextual perspective on identity construction in emerging adulthood: Change dynamics in commitment formation and commitment evaluation. Developmental Psychology, 42(2), 366– 380.
  • Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Soenens, B. & Beyers, W. (2006b). Unpacking commitment and exploration: Validation of an integrative model of adolescent identity formation. Journal of Adolescence, 29(2), 361–378.
  • Luyckx, K., Soenens, B. & Goossens, L. (2006c). The personality identity interplay in emerging adult women: Convergent findings from complementary analyses. European Journal of Personality, 20(3), 195–215.
  • Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Berzonsky, M. D., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Smits, I. & Goossens, L. (2008a). Capturing ruminative exploration: Extending the four-dimensional model of identity formation in late adolescence. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(5), 58–82.
  • Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Goossens, L. & Pollock, S. (2008b). Employment, sense of coherence, and identity formation: Contextual and psychological processes on the pathway to sense of adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Research, 23(5), 566–591.
  • Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Goossens, L. & Soenens, B. (2008c). The relationship between identity development and adjustment in the transition to adulthood: Variable-centered and person centered approaches. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 18(4), 595–619.
  • Luyckx, K., Seiffge-Krenke, I., Schwartz, S. J., Goossens, L., Weets, I. & Hendrieckx, C. (2008d). Identity formation, coping, and adjustment in emerging adults with a chronic illness: The sample case of type I diabetes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43(5), 451–458.
  • Luyckx, K., Soenens, B., Goossens, L., Beckx, K. & Wouters, S. (2008e). Identity exploration and commitment in late adolescence: Correlates of perfectionism and mediating mechanisms on the pathway to well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27(4), 336–361.
  • Luyckx, K., Lens, W., Smits, I. & Goossens, L. (2010a). Time perspective and identity formation: Short- term longitudinal dynamics in college students. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 34(3), 238–247.
  • Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M. & Goossens, L. (2010b). The path from identity commitments to adjustment: Motivational underpinnings and mediating mechanisms. Journal of Counseling and Development, 88(1), 52–60.
  • Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3(5): 551-558.
  • Marcia, J. E. (1989). Identity and intervention. Journal of Adolescence, 12(3), 401-410.
  • Marcia, J. (1993). The relational roots of identity In, J. Kroger (Ed). Discussions on ego identity. (pp.134-147) Hillsdale: NJ, England, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Marcia, J. E. (1994). Ego identity and object relations. 3th edition. In J. M. Masling & R. F. Bornstein (Eds), Empirical perspectives on object relations theory. (pp.122-143) Washington: DC, American Psychological Association.
  • Marcia, J. E. (2002a). Adolescence, identity, and the Bernardone family. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 2(3), 199-209.
  • Marcia, J. E. (2002b). Identity and psychosocial development in adulthood. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 2(1), 7-28.
  • Meyers, D. & Deiner, E. (1995). Who is happy. American Psychological Society. 131(6), 19-25.
  • Morsünbül, Ü. (2010). Ergenlikte kimlik gelişimini açıklayan yaklaşımlar/modeller: Ergen ruh sağlığı açısından sonuçları. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 17(2), 105-111.
  • Morsünbül, Ü. (2011). Ergenlikte özerkliğin ve kimlik biçimlenmesinin öznel iyi oluş üzerindeki etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 569-582.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(3), 504–511.
  • Özgüngör, S. (2009). Postmodern değerler, kimlik oluşumu ve yaşam doyumu. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 3(31), 32-42.
  • Schwartz, S. J. & Pantin, H. (2006). Identity development in adolescence and emerging adulthood: The interface of self, context, and culture. In, A. Prescott (Ed.), The concept of self in psychology (pp. 45-85). Hauppage, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
  • Schwartz, S. J., Beyers, W., Luyckx, K., Soenens, B., Zamboanga,…& Waterman, A. S. (2011). Examining te light and dark sides of emerging adults’ identity: A study of identity status differences in positive and negative psychososcial functioning. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 40(7), 839-859.
  • Suh, E. M. (2002). Culture, identity consistency, and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), 1378-1391.
  • Trapnell, P. D. & Campbell, J. D. (1999). Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(2), 284–304.
  • Waterman, A. (1992). Identity as an aspect of optimal psychological functioning. In G. R. Adams & R.M. Montemayor (Eds.), Adolescent Identity Formation (pp. 51-72). Newbury Park Sage Pub.
  • Waterman, A. S. (1995). Identity development from adolescence to adulthood: An extension of theory and a review of research, Developmental Psychology, 18(3), 341-358.
  • Waterman, A. (1999). Identity, the identity statuses, and identity statuses development: A contemporary statement, Developmental Review, 19(4)591-621.
  • Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal / 2013, 5 (40)

Kimlik Gelişiminde Yeni Bir Boyut: Seçeneklerin Saplantılı Araştırılması

Year 2013, Volume: 4 Issue: 40, 0 - , 30.09.2013

Ümit Morsünbül , Figen Çok

Abstract

: Ergenlik döneminde yaşamla ilgili temel gelişimsel görevlerden biri kimlik gelişimidir. Çoğu ergen sürekli bir kimlik duygusu oluşturmak için büyük çaba harcar. Kimlik gelişimi hem bireylerin ruh sağlıkları hem de yetişkinliğe geçiş açısından çok önemlidir. Sağlıklı bir kimlik süreci deneyimleyen ergenler genç yetişkinlik sürecine daha kolay geçmekte ve yetişkinliğin gerektirdiği rolleri daha kolay biçimde ortaya koymaktadırlar. Kimlik, evlenme, meslek seçimi gibi konularda bireylere yol gösterici olur. Sosyo-kültürel değişimler sonucunda hem bireyler tarafından kimliğin yapılandırılışı hem de kimlik gelişiminin kuramsal olarak ele alınışı değişmiştir. Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı kimlik gelişimi literatüründe yaşanan bu değişimi ve Luyckx ve arkadaşları (2008a) tarafından ortaya konulan Beş Boyutlu Kimlik Biçimlenmesi Modelini incelemektir. Küreselleşmenin, postmodern kültürün ve elektronik iletişim araçlarının etkisiyle kimlik gelişiminin yapılandırma biçimi değişmiştir. Bu değişimlerin sonucunda seçeneklerin araştırılması sürecinin her zaman olumlu sonuçlar ortaya çıkarmayacağı görülmüştür. Seçeneklerin saplantılı araştırılması sürekli kimlik duygusunu engelleyen bir süreç olarak görülmüştür. Kuramsal açıdan ise kimlik gelişimi hakkındaki çalışmaların kimlik statülerinden çok kimlik sürecine odaklanmaya başladığı görülmüştür. Beş Boyutlu Kimlik Biçimlenmesi Modeli ergenlik döneminde kimlik gelişiminin daha doğru biçimde incelenmesini sağlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak Beş Boyutlu Kimlik Biçimlenmesi Modeli eğitim kurumlarında ve kliniklerde çalışan uzmanların ergenlerin kimlik gelişimini doğru biçimde değerlendirmelerine katkı sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

ergenlik kimlik gelişimi seçeneklerin saplantılı araştırılması

References

  • Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5): 469-480.
  • Arnett J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Bauman, Z. (2005). Bireyselleşmiş toplum (Çev. Yavuz Alogan). (2.Baskı), İstanbul, Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Baumeister, R. F. & Muraven, M. (1996). Identity as adaptation to social, cultural, and historical context. Journal of Adolescence, 19(3), 405–416.
  • Berzonsky, M. (1992). A process perspective on identity and stress management.In G.R. Adams & R.M. Montemarory (Eds). Adolescent Identity Formation (2nd. Ed., pp.193-215). Newbury Park: Sage Publication.
  • Berzonsky, M. D. (1999). Identity styles and hypothesis- testing strategies, The Journal of Social Psychology. 139(4), 784-789.
  • Berzonsky, M. D. (2003). The structure of identity: Commentary on Jane Kroger’s view of identity status transition. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 3(3), 231-345.
  • Berzonsky, M. D. (2005). Ego identity: A personal standpoint in a postmodern world. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 5(2), 125-136.
  • Beyers, W. & Çok, F. (2008). Adolescent self and identity development in context. Journal of Adolescence. 31(4), 147-150.
  • Bosma, H. A. (1994). Identity and development: An interdisciplinary approach. Thousand Oaks: Couf.
  • Bosma, H. A. (1995). Identity development in adolescence coping with commitments. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
  • Bosma, H. A. & Kunnen, E. S. (2008). Identity-in- context is not yet identity development-in-context. Journal of Adolescence, 31(4), 281-289.
  • Clancy, S. M. & Dollinger, S. J. (1993). Identity, self, and personality: I. Identity status and the five-factor model of personality. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 3(3), 227–245.
  • Coté, J. E. & Levine, C. (1987). A formulation of Erikson’s theory of ego identity formation. Developmental Review, 7(3), 273-325.
  • Côté, J. E. (2002). The role of identity capital in the transition to adulthood: The individualization thesis examined. Journal of Youth Studies, 5(2), 117-134.
  • Crocetti, E., Schwartz, S. J., Fermani, A. & Meuss, W. (2010). The Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS): Italian validation and cross-national comparisons. European Journal of Psychological Assessment. 26(3), 172-186.
  • Çuhadaroğlu, F., Canat, S., Kılıç, E., Şenol, S., Rugancı, N., Öncü, B.,…& Avcı, A. (2004). Ergen ve ruhsal sorunları: Durum saptama çalışması, Ankara, Tubitak Matbaası.
  • Eliş, B., Çelik, K., Ercan, H. & Çarkoğlu, A. (2008). Türkiye 2008 insani gelişim raporu. Ankara, Desen Ofset.
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö., Özgülük, S. B., Turan, N. & Danışık, N. (2009). Ergenlerde görülen psikolojik belirtilerin yordayıcıları olarak ruminasyon ve öfke/öfke ifade tarzları. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 4(32), 43-53.
  • Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
  • Göregenli, M. (1995). Kültürümüz açısından bireycilik- toplulukçuluk eğilimleri: Bir başlangıç çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10(35), 1-14.
  • Karaduman, S. (2010). Modernizimden postmodernizme kimliğin yapısal dönüşümü. Journal of Yaşar University, 17(5), 2886-2899.
  • Karakitapoğlu-Aygün, Z. (2002). Self-construals, perceived parenting styles and wellbeing in different cultural and socio-economic contexts. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Kidwell, J. S., Dunham, R. M., Bacho, R. A., Pastorino, E., & Portes, P. R. (1995). Adolescent identity exploration: A test of Erikson’s theory of transitional crisis. Adolescence, 30(120), 785–793.
  • Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Soenens, B., Beyers, W. & Vansteenkiste, M. (2005). Identity statuses based on 4 rather than 2 identity dimensions: Extending and refining Marcia’s paradigm. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(6), 605–618.
  • Luyckx, K., Goossens, L. & Soenens, B. (2006a). A developmental contextual perspective on identity construction in emerging adulthood: Change dynamics in commitment formation and commitment evaluation. Developmental Psychology, 42(2), 366– 380.
  • Luyckx, K., Goossens, L., Soenens, B. & Beyers, W. (2006b). Unpacking commitment and exploration: Validation of an integrative model of adolescent identity formation. Journal of Adolescence, 29(2), 361–378.
  • Luyckx, K., Soenens, B. & Goossens, L. (2006c). The personality identity interplay in emerging adult women: Convergent findings from complementary analyses. European Journal of Personality, 20(3), 195–215.
  • Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Berzonsky, M. D., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Smits, I. & Goossens, L. (2008a). Capturing ruminative exploration: Extending the four-dimensional model of identity formation in late adolescence. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(5), 58–82.
  • Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Goossens, L. & Pollock, S. (2008b). Employment, sense of coherence, and identity formation: Contextual and psychological processes on the pathway to sense of adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Research, 23(5), 566–591.
  • Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Goossens, L. & Soenens, B. (2008c). The relationship between identity development and adjustment in the transition to adulthood: Variable-centered and person centered approaches. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 18(4), 595–619.
  • Luyckx, K., Seiffge-Krenke, I., Schwartz, S. J., Goossens, L., Weets, I. & Hendrieckx, C. (2008d). Identity formation, coping, and adjustment in emerging adults with a chronic illness: The sample case of type I diabetes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43(5), 451–458.
  • Luyckx, K., Soenens, B., Goossens, L., Beckx, K. & Wouters, S. (2008e). Identity exploration and commitment in late adolescence: Correlates of perfectionism and mediating mechanisms on the pathway to well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27(4), 336–361.
  • Luyckx, K., Lens, W., Smits, I. & Goossens, L. (2010a). Time perspective and identity formation: Short- term longitudinal dynamics in college students. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 34(3), 238–247.
  • Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M. & Goossens, L. (2010b). The path from identity commitments to adjustment: Motivational underpinnings and mediating mechanisms. Journal of Counseling and Development, 88(1), 52–60.
  • Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3(5): 551-558.
  • Marcia, J. E. (1989). Identity and intervention. Journal of Adolescence, 12(3), 401-410.
  • Marcia, J. (1993). The relational roots of identity In, J. Kroger (Ed). Discussions on ego identity. (pp.134-147) Hillsdale: NJ, England, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Marcia, J. E. (1994). Ego identity and object relations. 3th edition. In J. M. Masling & R. F. Bornstein (Eds), Empirical perspectives on object relations theory. (pp.122-143) Washington: DC, American Psychological Association.
  • Marcia, J. E. (2002a). Adolescence, identity, and the Bernardone family. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 2(3), 199-209.
  • Marcia, J. E. (2002b). Identity and psychosocial development in adulthood. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 2(1), 7-28.
  • Meyers, D. & Deiner, E. (1995). Who is happy. American Psychological Society. 131(6), 19-25.
  • Morsünbül, Ü. (2010). Ergenlikte kimlik gelişimini açıklayan yaklaşımlar/modeller: Ergen ruh sağlığı açısından sonuçları. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 17(2), 105-111.
  • Morsünbül, Ü. (2011). Ergenlikte özerkliğin ve kimlik biçimlenmesinin öznel iyi oluş üzerindeki etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 569-582.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(3), 504–511.
  • Özgüngör, S. (2009). Postmodern değerler, kimlik oluşumu ve yaşam doyumu. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 3(31), 32-42.
  • Schwartz, S. J. & Pantin, H. (2006). Identity development in adolescence and emerging adulthood: The interface of self, context, and culture. In, A. Prescott (Ed.), The concept of self in psychology (pp. 45-85). Hauppage, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
  • Schwartz, S. J., Beyers, W., Luyckx, K., Soenens, B., Zamboanga,…& Waterman, A. S. (2011). Examining te light and dark sides of emerging adults’ identity: A study of identity status differences in positive and negative psychososcial functioning. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 40(7), 839-859.
  • Suh, E. M. (2002). Culture, identity consistency, and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), 1378-1391.
  • Trapnell, P. D. & Campbell, J. D. (1999). Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(2), 284–304.
  • Waterman, A. (1992). Identity as an aspect of optimal psychological functioning. In G. R. Adams & R.M. Montemayor (Eds.), Adolescent Identity Formation (pp. 51-72). Newbury Park Sage Pub.
  • Waterman, A. S. (1995). Identity development from adolescence to adulthood: An extension of theory and a review of research, Developmental Psychology, 18(3), 341-358.
  • Waterman, A. (1999). Identity, the identity statuses, and identity statuses development: A contemporary statement, Developmental Review, 19(4)591-621.
  • Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal / 2013, 5 (40)
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Ümit Morsünbül

Figen Çok

Publication Date September 30, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 4 Issue: 40

Cite

APA Morsünbül, Ü., & Çok, F. (2013). Kimlik Gelişiminde Yeni Bir Boyut: Seçeneklerin Saplantılı Araştırılması. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 4(40). https://doi.org/10.17066/pdrd.03757
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