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SURİYELİ ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN GÖÇ NEDENLERİ VE DENEYİMLERİ: NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 969 - 979, 11.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.757304

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Suriye’deki savaştan sonra Türkiye’ye gelen Suriyeli üniversite öğrencilerinin göç esnasındaki deneyimlerinin ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Suriye’deki savaşı deneyimleyen 11 gönüllü Suriyeli üniversite öğrencisi araştırmaya katılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre göçmenlerin göç deneyimlerinin ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkisi iki tema ile açıklanmıştır. Bu temalar göç nedenleri ve yolculuk deneyimleridir. Ruh sağlığını etkileyen temel faktörler fiziksel ve psikolojik şiddet, politik baskı, taciz, tecavüz, dolandırıcılık ve sevdiklerini kaybetmesidir. Katılımcıların göç sürecindeki olumsuz deneyimleri onların Türkiye’deki hayatını etkilemiştir. Nerede kalacaklarının belirsizliği, dışlanma korkusu ve eğitime devam edip edemeyeceklerinin belirsizliği onları endişelendirmektedir. Sonuç olarak özellikle travma başta olmak üzere göçmenlerin ruh sağlığını iyileştirme çabaları artabilir.

References

  • Abbara, A., Blanchet, K., Sahloul, Z., Fouad, F., Coutts, A. & Wasim, M. (2015). The effect of the conflict on Syria’s health system and human resources for health. World Health & Population, 16(1), 87-95.
  • Abou-Saleh, M. T. & Hughes, P. (2015). Mental health of Syrian refugees: looking backwards and forwards. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(10), 870-871.
  • Adanu, R. M. & Johnson, T. R. (2009). Migration and women's health. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 106(2), 179-181.
  • Baltes, C. M. (2016). Causes and sonsequences of the Syrian civil war. (Master’s Thesis). University of South Carolina, Columbia
  • Bazeley, P. & Jackson, K. (2013). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo. Sage Publications Limited.
  • Bhugra, D. (2004). Migration and mental health. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109(4), 243-258.
  • Boynueğri, E. (2018). Türkiye'de uluslararası öğrencilerde kültürleşme stratejileri ile kimlik statüleri arasındaki ilişki. (Master’s Thesis). Ankara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Bradford, E., & Wilson, M. A. (2013). When terrorists target schools: An exploratory analysis of attacks on educational institutions. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 28(2), 127-138.
  • Castles, S., Miller, M. J., Bal, B. U., & Akbulut, İ. (2008). Göçler çağı: Modern dünyada uluslararası göç hareketleri. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi.
  • Charlson, F. J., Steel, Z., Degenhardt, L., Chey, T., Silove, D … Whiteford, H. A. (2012). Predicting the impact of the 2011 conflict in Libya on population mental health: PTSD and depression prevalence and mental health service requirements. PloS one, 7(7), e40593.
  • Clément, R., Noels, K. A. & Deneault, B. (2001). Interethnic contact, identity, and psychological adjustment: The mediating and moderating roles of communication. Journal of Social Issues, 57(3), 559-577.
  • Connell, D. (2012). Escaping Eritrea: Why they flee and what they face. Middle East Report, (264), 2-9. Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd Ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Dallal, Y. M. (2016). Saving Syria’s lost generation through education. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 15(3), 107-114.
  • De Juan, A. & Bank, A. (2015). The Ba ‘athist blackout? Selective goods provision and political violence in the Syrian civil war. Journal of Peace Research, 52(1), 91-104.
  • Dolma, S., Singh, S., Lohfeld, L., Orbinski, J. J. & Mills, E. J. (2006). Dangerous journey: documenting the experience of Tibetan refugees. American Journal of Public Health, 96(11), 2061-2064.
  • Elsafti, A. M., van Berlaer, G., Al Safadi, M., Debacker, M., Buyl, R. … Hubloue, I. (2016). Children in the Syrian civil war: the familial, educational, and public health impact of ongoing violence. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 10(6), 874-882.
  • Fazel, M. (2018). Refugees and the post-migration environment. BMC Medicine, 16(1), 164-166.
  • Feinstein, A. & Starr, S. (2015). Civil war in Syria: The psychological effects on journalists. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 7(1), 57-64.
  • Heisbourg, F. (2015). The strategic implications of the Syrian refugee crisis. Survival, 57(6), 7-20.
  • Holcomb-McCoy, C. (2005). Ethnic identity development in early adolescence: Implications and recommendations for middle school counselors. Professional School Counseling, 9(2), 120–127.
  • İnaç, M. (2018). Sığınmacı kadınların ruh sağlığını etkileyen durumların araştırılması (Ege Bölgesi örneği). (Master’s Thesis). Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Gaziantep.
  • James, P., Iyer, A., & Webb, T. L. (2019). The impact of post‐migration stressors on refugees’ emotional distress and health: A longitudinal analysis. European Journal of Social Psychology, 49(7), 1359-1367.
  • Jasinskaja-Lahti, I. & Liebkind, K. (1999). Exploration of the ethnic identity among Russian-speaking immigrant adolescents in Finland. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30(4), 527–539.
  • Jefee-Bahloul, H., Barkil-Oteo, A., Pless-Mulloli, T. & Fouad, F. M. (2015). Mental health in the Syrian crisis: Beyond immediate relief. The Lancet, 386(10003), 1531.
  • Kamyab, S. (2017). Syrian refugees higher education crisis. Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 9, 10-14.
  • Karell, D. (2017). Local peace and contemporary conflict: Constructing commonality and exclusion during war in Afghanistan. Social Science Research, 61, 75-97.
  • Kashyap, S., Page, A. C., & Joscelyne, A. (2019). Post-migration treatment targets associated with reductions in depression and PTSD among survivors of torture seeking asylum in the USA. Psychiatry Research, 271, 565-572.
  • Kavak, M. (2017). Zorunlu göç ile bağlanma ve kişilik özellikleri arasındaki ilişki. (Master’s Thesis). Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Kuckartz, U. (2014). Qualitative text analysis: A guide to methods, practice and using software. London: Sage.
  • Kurman, J. & Ronen-Eilon, C. (2004). Lack of knowledge of a culture’s social axioms and adaptation difficulties among immigrants. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35(2), 192-208.
  • Lama, S., François, K., Marwan, Z. & Sami, R. (2016). impact of the Syrian crisis on the hospitalization of Syrians in a psychiatric setting. Community Mental Health Journal, 52(1), 84-93.
  • Li, M., & Anderson, J. G. (2016). Pre-migration trauma exposure and psychological distress for Asian American immigrants: Linking the pre-and post-migration contexts. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 18(4), 728-739.
  • Li, S. S., Liddell, B. J., & Nickerson, A. (2016). The relationship between post-migration stress and psychological disorders in refugees and asylum seekers. Current Psychiatry Reports, 18(9), 82.
  • Lijnders, L. (2012). Caught in the borderlands: torture experienced, expressed, and remembered by Eritrean asylum seekers in Israel. Oxford Monitor Forced Migration, 2(1), 64-76.
  • Masgoret, A. M. & Ward, C. (2006). Culture learning approach to acculturation. Sam, D. L. ve Berry, J. W. (Editors). The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology. Cambridge University Press.
  • Middle East Studies Association (MESA). (2013). Open letter to the office of the Syrian President and the national coalition for Syrian revolutionary and opposition forces. http://www.mesa.arizona.edu/committees/academic-freedom/intervention/letters-syria.html#021913.
  • Miller, E., Decker, M. R., Silverman, J. G. & Raj, A. (2007). Migration, sexual exploitation, and women's health: a case report from a community health center. Violence Against Women, 13(5), 486-497.
  • Nakash, O., Langer, B., Nagar, M., Shoham, S., Lurie, I. & Davidovitch, N. (2015). Exposure to traumatic experiences among asylum seekers from Eritrea and Sudan during migration to Israel. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 17(4), 1280-1286.
  • Nakash, O., Wiesent-Brandsma, C., Reist, S. & Nagar, M. (2013). The contribution of gender-role orientation to psychological distress among male African asylum-seekers in Israel. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 11(1), 78-90.
  • Öztürk, K. (2017). İstanbul'daki Suriyeli çocukların öfke ve sosyal uyum düzeyleri (Master’s Thesis). İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Papadopoulos, R. (2008). Systematic challenges in a refugee camp. Context, (99), 16-19.
  • Parham, T. A. (1989). Cycles of psychological nigrescence. The Counseling Psychologist, 17(2), 187-226.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods, (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Sam, D. L. & Berry, J. W. (1995). Acculturative stress among young immigrants in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 36(1), 10-24.
  • Sangalang, C. C., Becerra, D., Mitchell, F. M., Lechuga-Peña, S., Lopez, K., & Kim, I. (2019). Trauma, post-migration stress, and mental health: A comparative analysis of refugees and immigrants in the United States. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 21(5), 909-919.
  • Seydi, A. R. (2013). Türkiye’deki Suriyeli akademisyen ve eğitimcilerin görüşlerine göre Suriye’deki çatışmaların Suriyelilerin eğitim sürecine yansımaları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2013(30), 217-241.
  • Smith, C., & Maurer, F. (2000). Community health nursing theory and practice (2nd Ed.). Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
  • Tronvoll, K. (2009). The lasting struggle for freedom in Eritrea: Human rights and political development, 1991-2009. Oslo Center for Peace and Human Rights.
  • Van Reisen, M., Estefanos, M., & Rijken, C. (2012). Human trafficking in the Sinai: Refugees between life and death. Oisterwijk: Wolf Legal Publishers.
  • United Nations. (1948). United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/index.html
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (10th Ed.). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zwi, A. & Alvarez-Castillo, F. (2003). Forced migration, globalisation and public health: getting the big picture into focus. The health of refugees: public health perspectives from crisis to settlement. Oxford University Press, Victoria, Australia, 14-34.
Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 969 - 979, 11.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.757304

Abstract

References

  • Abbara, A., Blanchet, K., Sahloul, Z., Fouad, F., Coutts, A. & Wasim, M. (2015). The effect of the conflict on Syria’s health system and human resources for health. World Health & Population, 16(1), 87-95.
  • Abou-Saleh, M. T. & Hughes, P. (2015). Mental health of Syrian refugees: looking backwards and forwards. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(10), 870-871.
  • Adanu, R. M. & Johnson, T. R. (2009). Migration and women's health. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 106(2), 179-181.
  • Baltes, C. M. (2016). Causes and sonsequences of the Syrian civil war. (Master’s Thesis). University of South Carolina, Columbia
  • Bazeley, P. & Jackson, K. (2013). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo. Sage Publications Limited.
  • Bhugra, D. (2004). Migration and mental health. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109(4), 243-258.
  • Boynueğri, E. (2018). Türkiye'de uluslararası öğrencilerde kültürleşme stratejileri ile kimlik statüleri arasındaki ilişki. (Master’s Thesis). Ankara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Bradford, E., & Wilson, M. A. (2013). When terrorists target schools: An exploratory analysis of attacks on educational institutions. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 28(2), 127-138.
  • Castles, S., Miller, M. J., Bal, B. U., & Akbulut, İ. (2008). Göçler çağı: Modern dünyada uluslararası göç hareketleri. İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi.
  • Charlson, F. J., Steel, Z., Degenhardt, L., Chey, T., Silove, D … Whiteford, H. A. (2012). Predicting the impact of the 2011 conflict in Libya on population mental health: PTSD and depression prevalence and mental health service requirements. PloS one, 7(7), e40593.
  • Clément, R., Noels, K. A. & Deneault, B. (2001). Interethnic contact, identity, and psychological adjustment: The mediating and moderating roles of communication. Journal of Social Issues, 57(3), 559-577.
  • Connell, D. (2012). Escaping Eritrea: Why they flee and what they face. Middle East Report, (264), 2-9. Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd Ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Dallal, Y. M. (2016). Saving Syria’s lost generation through education. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 15(3), 107-114.
  • De Juan, A. & Bank, A. (2015). The Ba ‘athist blackout? Selective goods provision and political violence in the Syrian civil war. Journal of Peace Research, 52(1), 91-104.
  • Dolma, S., Singh, S., Lohfeld, L., Orbinski, J. J. & Mills, E. J. (2006). Dangerous journey: documenting the experience of Tibetan refugees. American Journal of Public Health, 96(11), 2061-2064.
  • Elsafti, A. M., van Berlaer, G., Al Safadi, M., Debacker, M., Buyl, R. … Hubloue, I. (2016). Children in the Syrian civil war: the familial, educational, and public health impact of ongoing violence. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 10(6), 874-882.
  • Fazel, M. (2018). Refugees and the post-migration environment. BMC Medicine, 16(1), 164-166.
  • Feinstein, A. & Starr, S. (2015). Civil war in Syria: The psychological effects on journalists. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 7(1), 57-64.
  • Heisbourg, F. (2015). The strategic implications of the Syrian refugee crisis. Survival, 57(6), 7-20.
  • Holcomb-McCoy, C. (2005). Ethnic identity development in early adolescence: Implications and recommendations for middle school counselors. Professional School Counseling, 9(2), 120–127.
  • İnaç, M. (2018). Sığınmacı kadınların ruh sağlığını etkileyen durumların araştırılması (Ege Bölgesi örneği). (Master’s Thesis). Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Gaziantep.
  • James, P., Iyer, A., & Webb, T. L. (2019). The impact of post‐migration stressors on refugees’ emotional distress and health: A longitudinal analysis. European Journal of Social Psychology, 49(7), 1359-1367.
  • Jasinskaja-Lahti, I. & Liebkind, K. (1999). Exploration of the ethnic identity among Russian-speaking immigrant adolescents in Finland. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30(4), 527–539.
  • Jefee-Bahloul, H., Barkil-Oteo, A., Pless-Mulloli, T. & Fouad, F. M. (2015). Mental health in the Syrian crisis: Beyond immediate relief. The Lancet, 386(10003), 1531.
  • Kamyab, S. (2017). Syrian refugees higher education crisis. Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education, 9, 10-14.
  • Karell, D. (2017). Local peace and contemporary conflict: Constructing commonality and exclusion during war in Afghanistan. Social Science Research, 61, 75-97.
  • Kashyap, S., Page, A. C., & Joscelyne, A. (2019). Post-migration treatment targets associated with reductions in depression and PTSD among survivors of torture seeking asylum in the USA. Psychiatry Research, 271, 565-572.
  • Kavak, M. (2017). Zorunlu göç ile bağlanma ve kişilik özellikleri arasındaki ilişki. (Master’s Thesis). Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Kuckartz, U. (2014). Qualitative text analysis: A guide to methods, practice and using software. London: Sage.
  • Kurman, J. & Ronen-Eilon, C. (2004). Lack of knowledge of a culture’s social axioms and adaptation difficulties among immigrants. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35(2), 192-208.
  • Lama, S., François, K., Marwan, Z. & Sami, R. (2016). impact of the Syrian crisis on the hospitalization of Syrians in a psychiatric setting. Community Mental Health Journal, 52(1), 84-93.
  • Li, M., & Anderson, J. G. (2016). Pre-migration trauma exposure and psychological distress for Asian American immigrants: Linking the pre-and post-migration contexts. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 18(4), 728-739.
  • Li, S. S., Liddell, B. J., & Nickerson, A. (2016). The relationship between post-migration stress and psychological disorders in refugees and asylum seekers. Current Psychiatry Reports, 18(9), 82.
  • Lijnders, L. (2012). Caught in the borderlands: torture experienced, expressed, and remembered by Eritrean asylum seekers in Israel. Oxford Monitor Forced Migration, 2(1), 64-76.
  • Masgoret, A. M. & Ward, C. (2006). Culture learning approach to acculturation. Sam, D. L. ve Berry, J. W. (Editors). The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology. Cambridge University Press.
  • Middle East Studies Association (MESA). (2013). Open letter to the office of the Syrian President and the national coalition for Syrian revolutionary and opposition forces. http://www.mesa.arizona.edu/committees/academic-freedom/intervention/letters-syria.html#021913.
  • Miller, E., Decker, M. R., Silverman, J. G. & Raj, A. (2007). Migration, sexual exploitation, and women's health: a case report from a community health center. Violence Against Women, 13(5), 486-497.
  • Nakash, O., Langer, B., Nagar, M., Shoham, S., Lurie, I. & Davidovitch, N. (2015). Exposure to traumatic experiences among asylum seekers from Eritrea and Sudan during migration to Israel. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 17(4), 1280-1286.
  • Nakash, O., Wiesent-Brandsma, C., Reist, S. & Nagar, M. (2013). The contribution of gender-role orientation to psychological distress among male African asylum-seekers in Israel. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 11(1), 78-90.
  • Öztürk, K. (2017). İstanbul'daki Suriyeli çocukların öfke ve sosyal uyum düzeyleri (Master’s Thesis). İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Papadopoulos, R. (2008). Systematic challenges in a refugee camp. Context, (99), 16-19.
  • Parham, T. A. (1989). Cycles of psychological nigrescence. The Counseling Psychologist, 17(2), 187-226.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods, (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Sam, D. L. & Berry, J. W. (1995). Acculturative stress among young immigrants in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 36(1), 10-24.
  • Sangalang, C. C., Becerra, D., Mitchell, F. M., Lechuga-Peña, S., Lopez, K., & Kim, I. (2019). Trauma, post-migration stress, and mental health: A comparative analysis of refugees and immigrants in the United States. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 21(5), 909-919.
  • Seydi, A. R. (2013). Türkiye’deki Suriyeli akademisyen ve eğitimcilerin görüşlerine göre Suriye’deki çatışmaların Suriyelilerin eğitim sürecine yansımaları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2013(30), 217-241.
  • Smith, C., & Maurer, F. (2000). Community health nursing theory and practice (2nd Ed.). Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
  • Tronvoll, K. (2009). The lasting struggle for freedom in Eritrea: Human rights and political development, 1991-2009. Oslo Center for Peace and Human Rights.
  • Van Reisen, M., Estefanos, M., & Rijken, C. (2012). Human trafficking in the Sinai: Refugees between life and death. Oisterwijk: Wolf Legal Publishers.
  • United Nations. (1948). United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/index.html
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (10th Ed.). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zwi, A. & Alvarez-Castillo, F. (2003). Forced migration, globalisation and public health: getting the big picture into focus. The health of refugees: public health perspectives from crisis to settlement. Oxford University Press, Victoria, Australia, 14-34.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Özgür Salih Kaya 0000-0001-8535-290X

Publication Date May 11, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kaya, Ö. S. (2021). SURİYELİ ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN GÖÇ NEDENLERİ VE DENEYİMLERİ: NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 11(2), 969-979. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.757304