Çin'in Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi: Küresel Ulaştırma Operasyonlarında Denizcilik ve Deniz Mühendisliği Perspektifinden Stratejik Karar Alma Motivasyonları

Year 2025, In Press Articles, 1 - 23

Mehmet Serdar Çelık , Bulut Ozan Ceylan , Demir Ali Akyar

https://doi.org/10.52998/trjmms.1555195

Abstract

Çin'in 2013 yılında duyurduğu Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi (BRI), küresel ulaşım altyapısını geliştirmek ve ekonomik kalkınmayı teşvik etmek amacıyla tasarlanmış bir mega projedir. Bu çalışma, Çin'in BRI'yi yönlendiren başlıca motivasyon kaynaklarını, özellikle ekonomik, politik ve stratejik hususlara odaklanarak tanımlamayı ve önceliklendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. PRISMA sistematik literatür taraması ve odak grup metodolojileri kullanılarak 26 motivasyon faktörü tespit edilmiştir ve bunlardan 16'sı ağırlıklı olarak ekonomik niteliktedir. Bu faktörler arasında "Çinli yatırımcılar için yeni iş fırsatları" en önemli itici güç olarak öne çıkmıştır. Ekonomik motivasyonların yanı sıra, bu çalışma deniz mühendisliği, gemi risk yönetimi ve gemi makineleri yeniliklerinin BRI'nin deniz yollarındaki başarısı için kritik önem taşıdığını vurgulamaktadır. Güvenli ve verimli deniz taşımacılığı, Deniz İpek Yolu'nun operasyonel etkinliğini sağlamak için hayati bir unsur olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma ayrıca, deniz güvenliği protokollerinin, altyapı modernizasyonunun ve risk azaltma stratejilerinin, Çin'in BRI aracılığıyla ulaşmayı hedeflediği geniş çaplı jeopolitik ve ekonomik amaçlarına ulaşmada oynadığı rolü vurgulamaktadır. Bulgularımız, Çin'in içsel motivasyonlarının, özellikle ekonomik büyüme ve deniz taşımacılığı altyapısı ile ilgili olanların, dış faktörlere göre daha önemli bir rol oynadığını öne sürmektedir. Bu durum, politika yapıcıların, deniz mühendislerinin ve taşımacılık operatörlerinin, uzun vadeli stratejilerini Çin'in hedefleriyle uyumlu hale getirmeleri, deniz güvenliği, operasyonel verimlilik ve Çin'in deniz teknolojilerinin küresel rekabetçiliğine odaklanmaları gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular, BRI altında küresel ulaşım sistemlerinin geleceğini şekillendirmede deniz altyapısının stratejik önemine dair daha derin bir anlayışa katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

Deniz Taşımacılığı, Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi, ANP, PRISMA, Deniz Mühendisliği

China's Belt and Road Initiative: Motivations for Strategic Decision-Making in Global Transport Operations from a Maritime and Marine Engineering Perspective

Abstract

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), announced in 2013, is a mega project designed to enhance global transportation infrastructure and stimulate economic development. This study aims to identify and prioritize the key motivational sources driving China's BRI, with a particular focus on economic, political, and strategic considerations. Using PRISMA systematic literature review and focus group methodologies, we identified 26 motivational factors, 16 of which are primarily economic in nature. Among these, 'New business opportunities for Chinese investors' emerged as the most significant driver. In addition to economic motivations, this study highlights the critical importance of marine engineering, ship risk management, and ship machinery innovations in the success of BRI's maritime routes. Safe, efficient maritime transportation is identified as a crucial element for ensuring the operational effectiveness of the Maritime Silk Road. The study further emphasizes the role of maritime safety protocols, infrastructure modernization, and risk mitigation strategies in achieving China's broader geopolitical and economic ambitions through the BRI. Our findings suggest that China’s internal motivations, particularly those related to economic growth and marine transport infrastructure, play a more prominent role than external factors. This underscores the need for policymakers, marine engineers, and transport operators to align their long-term strategies with China’s ambitions, focusing on maritime safety, operational efficiency, and the global competitiveness of China’s marine technologies. The insights gained from this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the strategic importance of maritime infrastructure in shaping the future of global transportation systems under the BRI.

Keywords

Marine Transportation, Belt and Road Initiative, ANP, PRISMA, Marine Engineering

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