Catalpa bignonioides Walter'de Polen ve Anter Çeperi Gelişimi

Year 2017, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 123 - 132, 27.09.2017

SEVİL Tütüncü Konyar

https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.309718

Abstract

Catalpa bignonioides ’deki anter çeperi ve polen gelişiminin diğer
angiospermerlerde ki temel aşamaları takip edip etmediğini anlayabilmek için,
bu bitkideki anter gelişimi sporogen evre aşamasından olgun polen aşamasına kadar
ışık mikroskobu kullanılarak araştırıldı. Anterde ki polen otogenezini
sırasıyla takip edebilmek için farklı gelişim aşamalarındaki anterler epona
gömüldü ve bu anterlerden ultramikrotom ile alınan 1 mikronluk kesitler genel
histokimyasal gözlemler için Toluidin mavisiyle boyandı. Catalpa bignonioides’in genç anter çeperi dıştan içe doğru
sırasıyla epidermis, endotesyum, ara tabaka ve salgı tapetumu olmak üzere 4
farklı tabakadan oluşmaktadır. Tapetum hücreleri iki farklı kökenden gelir ve
yapısal olarak dimorfiktir. Tapetum hücrelerinin dış çeperlerinde, Ubisch
cisimcikleri gözlenmiştir. Anter çeperindeki tabaka sayısı anterin gelişim
aşamalarına ve değişik bölgelerine göre değişmektedir.  Epidermis ve endotesyum tabakaları, anter
çeperinin diğer tabakalarından farklı olarak, anther açılmasına kadar
bütünlüğünü korumaktadır. Endotesyum hücreleri olgun polen aşamasında genişler
ve çeper kalınlaşmaları gösterir. Mikrospor gelişimi sırasında mayoz bölünme geçiren
hücreler simultane tip sitokinez ile tedrahedral, izobilateral ve nadir
olarakta linear tipte kalıcı tetratları oluşturur. Polenler anterden  tetrat halinde dışarı atılır. Bu çalışmanın
bulguları C. bignonioides’teki anter
çeperi ve polen gelişiminin diğer angiospermlerle uyumlu olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

Anter çeperi, Polen gelişimi, Tıbbi bitkiler

AN OVERVIEW OF POLLEN AND ANTHER WALL DEVELOPMENT IN Catalpa bignonioides Walter (BIGNONIACEAE)

Abstract

Anther development in Catalpa bignonioides Walter was
investigated from the sporogenous cell to the mature pollen grain stages to
determine whether the pollen and anther wall development follows the basic
scheme in angiosperms. In order to follow pollen ontogeny through successive
stages of pollen development, anthers at different developmental stages were
embedded in epon according to the usual
method, and semi-thin sections, taken from the epon
embedded anthers, were stained with toluidine blue for general histological observations under light microscopy.
The young anther wall of C. bignonioides consists
of four layers; from the exterior, the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer, and a secretory tapetum. The tapetum is
dual in origin and dimorphic. Ubisch bodies were observed on the inner tangential
walls of the tapetal cells. The number of the anther wall layers changes
depending on the developmental stage and region of the anther. In contrast to the other anther wall layers, epidermis and endothecium layers remain intact until
anthesis. Endothecial cells enlarge and develop
thickenings at maturity. During microspore development, meiocytes undergo
meiosis and simultaneous cytokinesis leading to the formation of permanent
tetrahedral, isobilateral and rarely linear tetrads. Pollen tetrads are shed from
the anther as compound pollen grains. Results of the study revealed that pollen
and anther wall development in C.
bignonioides follows the basic scheme in angiosperms.

Keywords

Anther wall, Medicinal plants, Microspore development, Tetrad pollens

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