INVESTIGATION OF THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF SOME ANATOLIAN Achillea L. (ANTHEMIDEAE, ASTERACEAE) POPULATIONS USING THE ISSR MARKERS

Year 2018, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 1 - 10, 15.04.2018

Efkan Bağda

https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.346537

Abstract

Due to high level of hybridization and polyploidy, the
perennial and allogamic Achillea L. genus
with a complex phyletic structure has about 142 species widely distributed over
in the Northern Hemisphere. The genus is widely distributed in Turkey with 48
species half of which are endemic. The gene and diversification center of the Santolinoideae section including 18
endemic species is thought to be in Anatolia. There exist no comprehensive
molecular phylogenetic study on Achillea
whose morphological revision in Turkey was completed in 2006.

In the study, phylogenetic analyzes
were performed using 10 different oligonucleotides for amplification of ISSR
bands based on 74 samples of 18 species from 3 sections of Achillea genus. All the oligonucleotides analyzed were found to be
polymorphic. The total number of loci is 135 and 44 (33%)
of them are parsimony informative. Serious topological differences
showing that Achillea taxa include
both monophyletic and polyphyletic lineages were revealed in phylogenetic trees
obtained under UPGMA, MP and BI methods. Sections were not clearly separated in
trees with clear species separations. The results of UPGMA and MP analyses
showed that A. vermicularis Trin. was
placed as the outgroup while A.
sipirokorensis Hausskn. & Bornm. and A. sintenisii Hub.-Mor. formed the outgroup together in Bayesian
Inference analysis (BI). The obtained clusters of PCA based on binary genetic
distance values were consistent with the result of BI analysis. Molecular
variation analysis showed that almost all of the molecular variation was
completely resulted from variations within populations.

Keywords

Achillea, ISSR, molecular phylogeny, Turkey

References

• 1. Arabacı, T. 2006. Türkiye’de yetişen Achillea L. (Asteraceae) cinsinin revizyonu. İnönü Üni. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 276 pp, Malatya.
• 2. Arabacı, T. & Budak, Ü. 2009. Achillea hamzaoglui (Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici, 46: 459-463.
• 3. Arabacı, T. 2012. Achillea L. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T., editors. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul, Turkey: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, pp. 108-112.
• 4. Aytac, Z., Duman, H. & Ekici, M. 2016. Two new Achillea L. (Asteraceae) species from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 40: 373-379.
• 5. Badr, A., Ahmed, H.I.S., Hamouda, M. & El-Khateeb, E.A. 2014. Genetic diversity in Egyptian populations of Achillea santolina using morphological traits and ISSR markers. Taeckholmia, 34, 49-65.
• 6. Badr, A., El-Shazly, H.H., Ahmed, H.I.S., Hamouda, M., El-Khateeb, E. & Sakr, M. 2017. Genetic diversity of Achillea fragrantissima in Egypt inferred from phenotypic variations and ISSR markers associated with traits of plant size and seed yield. Plant Genetic Resources, 15(3): 239-247.
• 7. Çelik, N. & Akpulat, A. 2008. Achillea sivasica (Asteraceae: sect. Babounya (DC.) O. Hoffm.), a new species from Inner Anatolia, Turkey. Kew Bulletin, 63(3): 485-489.
• 8. Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin, 19: 11-15.
• 9. Ebrahimi, M. Farajpour, M. & Rahimmalek, M. 2012a. Inter- and intra-specific genetic diversity of Iranian yarrow species Achillea santolina and Achillea tenuifolia based on ISSR and RAPD markers. Genetics and Molecular Research, 11(3): 2855-2861.
• 10. Ebrahimi, M., Farajpour, M., Beigmohamadi, M. & Ebrahimi, M. 2012b. Genetic relationships among yarrow based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers. E3 Journal of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, 3(4): 69-73.
• 11. Ehrendorfer, F. & Guo, Y.-P. 2006. Multidisciplinary studies on Achillea sensu lato (Compositae-Anthemideae): new data on systematics and phylogeography. Willdenowia, 36: 69-87.
• 12. Ehrendorfer, F. & Guo, Y.-P. 2005: Changes in the circumscription of the genus Achillea (Compositae-Anthemideae) and its subdivision. Willdenowia, 35: 49-54.
• 13. Excoffier, L., Laval, G. & Schneider, S. 2005. Arlequin ver. 3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online, 1: 47-50.
• 14. Excoffier, L., Smouse, P.E. & Quattro, J.M. 1992. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics, 131: 479-491.
• 15. Farajpour, M., Ebrahimi, M., Amiri, R., Golzari, R. & Sanjari, S. 2012. Assessment of genetic diversity in Achillea millefolium accessions from Iran using ISSR marker. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 43: 73-79.
• 16. Gharibi, S., Rahimmalek, M., Mirlohi, A., Majidi, M.M. & Tabatabaei, B.E.S. 2011. Assessment of genetic diversity in Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium and Achillea millefolium subsp. elbursensis using morphological and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(13): 2906-2916.
• 17. Guo, Y.P., Ehrendorfer, F. & Samuel, R. 2004. Phylogeny and systematics of Achille (Asteraceae-Anthemideae) inferre from nrITS and plastid trnL-F DNA sequences, Taxon, 53(3): 657-672.
• 18. Guo, Y.P., Vogl, C., Van Loo, M. & Ehrendorfer, F. 2006. Hybrid origin and differentiation of two tetraploid Achillea species in East Asia: molecular, morphological and ecogeographical evidence. Molecular Ecology, 15: 133-144.
• 19. Guo, Y.P., Wang, S.-Z., Vogl, C. & Ehrendorfer, F. 2012. Nuclear and Plastid Haplotypes Sugget Rapid Diploid and Plyploid Speciation in the N Hemisphere Achillea millefolium Complex (Asteraceae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 12: 2.
• 20. Guo, Y.-P., Saukel, J. & Ehrendorfer, F. 2008. AFLP trees versus scatter plots: evolution and phylogeography of the polyploid complex Achillea millefolium agg. (Asteraceae). Taxon, 57: 1-17.
• 21. Guo, Y.-P., Saukel, J., Mittermayr, R. & Ehrendorfer, F. 2005. AFLP analyses demonstrate genetic divergence, hybridization, and multiple polyploidization in the evolution of Achillea (Asteraceae-Anthemideae). New Phytologist, 166: 273-290.
• 22. Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T. & Başer, K.H.C. (Eds.) 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol.11 (supplement 2). Edinburg University Press, Edinburgh.
• 23. Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. 2001. Mrbayes: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics, 17, 754-755.
• 24. Inotai, K., György, Z., Kindlovits, S., Várady, G. & Zámboriné Németh, É. 2016. Evaluation of yarrow (Achillea) accessions by phytochemical and molecular genetic tools. Journal of Applied Botany And Food Quality-Angewandte Botanik, 89: 105-112.
• 25. López-Vinyallonga, S., Soriano, I. & Susanna, A. 2015. The polyploid series of the Achillea millefolium aggregate in the Iberian Peninsula investigated using microsatellites. PLoS One, 2015, 10(6): e0129861.
• 26. Ma, J.-X., Li, Y.-N., Vogl, C., Ehrendorfer, F. & Guo, Y-P. 2010. Allopolyploid speciation and ongoing backcrossing between diploid progenitor and tetraploid progeny lineages in the Achillea millefolium species complex: analyses of single-copy nuclear genes and genomic AFLP. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10: 100.
• 27. Morsy, A.A. 2007. Molecular variations of A. fragranissima (Forssk.) SCH. BIP. Growing in five areas of South Sinai. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 9: 11-17.
• 28. Nei, M. 1972. Genetic distance between populations. American Naturalist, 106: 283-292.
• 29. Peakall, R. & Smouse, P.E. 2006. GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Molecular Ecology Notes, 6: 288-295.
• 30. Purdy, B.G., & Bayer, R.J. 1996. Genetic variation in populations of the endemic Achillea millefolium ssp. megacephala from the Athabasca sand dunes and the widespread ssp. lanulosa in western North America. Canadian Journal of Botany, 74: 1138-1146.
• 31. Rahimmalek, M., Tabatabaei, B.E.S., Arzani, A. & Khorrami, A. 2011. Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for genomic analysis of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.). Genes & Genomics, 33: 475-482.
• 32. Rahimmalek, M. 2012. Genetic Relationships Among Achillea tenuifolia Accessions Using Molecular and Morphological Markers. Plant Omics Journal, 5(2): 128-135.
• 33. Rahimmalek, M., Tabatabaei, B.E.S., Arzani, A. & Etemadi, N. 2009. Assessment of genetic diversity among and within Achillea species using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 37: 354-361.
• 34. Rambaut, A. 2009. FigTree v1.3.1 Date accessed: Dec 2009: <http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/ FigTree/>.
• 35. Rawashdeh, İ.M. 2011. Genetic Diversity of Achillea fragrantissima (Forskal) Schultz BNip Populations Collected From Differnet Regions of Jordan Using RAPD Markers. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 4: 21-28.
• 36. Rechinger, K.H. 1963. Flora Iranica. No. 158. Akademische Druke-U. Verlagsanstalt, Wien, Austria. pp. 49-71.
• 37. Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. 2003. MRBAYES 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19: 1572-1574.
• 38. Saitou, N. & Nei, M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4: 406-425.
• 39. Swofford, D.L. 2002. PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony, Version 4.0 beta Computer program distributed by Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
• 40. Yeh, F. C., Yang, R. C., & Boyle, T. (1999). Popgene version 1.32: Microsoft Windows-based freeware for population genetic analysis. University of Alberta, Edmonton.
• 41. Zietkiewicz, E., Rafalski, A. & Labuda, D. 1994. Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeat (SSR)-anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification. Genomics, 20: 176-183.