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PHENOLOGICAL CYCLE AND DIURNAL VARIATION EFFECTS ON THE VOLATILE OIL CHARACTERISTICS OF SAGE (Salvia officinalis L.)

Year 2021, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 59 - 65, 15.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.815752

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of phenological and diurnal variation on volatile oil content and quality of Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) cultivated in Afyonkarahisar/Turkey. The harvesting times based on ontogeny were the pre-flowering, flowering and post-flowering stages. The harvesting took place three times a day, at 6:00 a.m., 2:00 and 8:00 p.m. The results showed that the highest volatile oil was obtained at 8:00 p.m. of the flowering stage (2.05%). In general, the best harvesting time was the flowering stage and the last hours of the day. The synthesis of volatile oil was almost the same at other phenological stages. The amount of volatile oil increased at the sunset time of the day in all studied stages. Among the identified of S. officinalis volatile oil compounds, oxygenated monoterpenes were the largest chemical group (52.8-68.6%). α-Thujone (13.0-35.8%) was the major compound of the most samples. The highest and lowest values of this compound were observed in the post-flowering and flowering stages, respectively. The other main compounds were camphor (7.0-20.2%), 1,8-cineole (6.9-14.1%), borneol (2.8-15.8%) and veridiflorol (4.5-12.3%). The effects of climatic factors such as day length, insolation, temperature and plant growth stage affected the quantity and quality of volatile oil content of S. officinalis. The results showed that the best harvesting time for S. officinalis for volatile oil content is 8:00 p.m. at the flowering stage in Afyonkarahisar climatic conditions. The volatile oil compositions of the plant varied widely at different harvest times (ontogeny and diurnal).

Thanks

We would like to show our gratitude to the director, researchers and technicians of Afyonkarahisar Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Center affiliated to the General Directorate of Forestry (Turkey) for sharing their experiences with us during this study.

References

  • 1. Adams, R.P. 2007. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, 4th ed. Allured Publishing Co., Carol Stream, 804 pp.
  • 2. Asghari, G., Gholamali, H., Mahmoudi, Z. & Asghari M. 2014. Diurnal variation of essential of the oil components of Pycnocycla spinosa Decne. ex Boiss. Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products, 9(1): 35-38. https://doi.org/10.17795/jjnpp-12229
  • 3. Azarnivand, H., Ghavam Arabani, M., Sefidkon, F. & Tavili, A. 2010. The effect of ecological characteristics on quality and quantity of the essential oils of Achillea millefolium L. subsp. millefolium. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 25(4): 556-571.
  • 4. Ben-Farhat, M., Jordán, M.J., Chaouch-Hamada, R., Landoulsi, A. & Sotomayor, J.A. 2016. Phenophase effects on sage (Salvia officinalis L.) yield and composition of essential oil. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 3(3): 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2016.02.001
  • 5. Ben-Taarit, M., Msaada, K., Hosni, K., Chahed, T. & Marzouk, B. 2010. Essential oil composition of Salvia verbenaca L. growing wild in Tunisia. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 34(1): 142-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00270.x
  • 6. Bouaziz, M., Yangui, T., Saya, S. & Dhouib, A. 2009. Disinfectant activities of essential oils from Salvia officinalis L cultivated in Tunisia. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(11): 2755-2760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.08.005
  • 7. Bozin, B., Mimica-Dukic, N., Samojlik, I. & Jovin, E. 2007. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of rosemary and sage (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(19): 7879-7885. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0715323
  • 8. Bradley, P.R. 2006. British herbal compendium: a handbook of scientific information on widely used plant drugs. British Herbal Medicine Association, Exeter. 409 pp.
  • 9. European Pharmacopoeia, 2005. 5th ed, version 5.1. EDQM, Strasbourg.
  • 10. Grdiša, M., Jug-Dujaković, M., Lončarić, M., Carović-Stanko, K., Ninčević, T., Liber, Z., Radosavljević, I. & Šatović, Z. 2015. Dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L.): A review of biochemical contents, medical properties and genetic diversity. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 80(2): 69-78.
  • 11. ISO 9909, 1997. International Organization for Standardization. Oil of Dalmatian Sage (Salvia officinalis L.), Geneva (Switzerland).
  • 12. Katar, N., Aydin, D. & Katar, D. 2019. Determination of the effect of different drying temperatures on the content and chemical composition of essential oil of sage (Salvia officinalis). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 12(1): 122-127. https://doi.org/10.5505/biodicon.2019.66376
  • 13. Lakušić, B.S., Ristić, M.S., Slavkovska, V.N., Stojanović, D.L.J. & Lakušić, D.V. 2013. Variations in essential oil yields and compositions of Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae) at different developmental stages. Botanica Serbica, 37(2): 127-139.
  • 14. Lee, Y.L. & Ding, P. 2016. Production of essential oil in plants: Ontogeny, secretory structures and seasonal variations. Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2(1): 1-10.
  • 15. Miguel, M.G., Guerrero, C., Rodrigues, H., Brito, J.C., Duarte, F., Venancio, F. & Tavares, R. 2004. Main components of the essential oils from wild Portuguese Thymus mastichina (L.) L. ssp. mastichina in different developmental stages or under culture conditions. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 16(2): 111-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698665
  • 16. Miraj, S. & Kiani, S. 2016. A review study of therapeutic effects of Salvia officinalis L. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 8(6): 299-303.
  • 17. Mirjalili, M.H., Salehi, P., Sonboli, A. & Vala, M.M. 2006. Essential oil variation of Salvia officinalis aerial parts during its phonological cycle. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 42(1): 19-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-006-0027-4
  • 18. Nurzyńska-Wierdak, R., Bogucka-Kocka, A., Kowalski, R. & Borowski, B. 2012. Changes in the chemical composition of the essential oil of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) depending on the plant growth stage. Chemija, 23(3): 216-222.
  • 19. Özgüven, M., Şener, B., Orhan, I., Sekeroğlu, N., Kırpık, M. & Kartal, M. 2008. Effects of varying nitrogen doses on yield: yield components and artemisinin content of Artemisia annua. Industrial Crops and Products, 27(1): 60-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.07.012
  • 20. Paulus, D., Valmorbida, R., & E.P. Ramos, C. 2019. Productivity and chemical composition of the essential oil of Ocimum × citriodorum Vis. according to ontogenetic and diurnal variation. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 12: 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2018.12.004
  • 21. Piccaglia, R., Marotti, M. & Dellacecca, V. 1997. Effect of planting density and harvest date onyield and chemical composition of sage oil. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 9(2): 187-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9699457
  • 22. Ramakrishna, A. & Ravishankar, G.A. 2011. Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary metabolites in plants. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 6(11): 1720-1731. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.6.11.17613
  • 23. Ramezani, S., Rahmanian, M., Jahanbin, R., Mohajeri, F., Rezaei, M.R. & Solaimani B. 2009. Diurnal changes in essential oil content of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) aerial parts from Iran. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(3): 277-281.
  • 24. Rguez, S., Msaada, K., Daami-Remadi, M., Chayeb, I., Bettaieb Rebey, I., Hammami, M., Laarif, A. & Hamrouni-Sellami, I. 2018. Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of Salvia officinalis aerial parts as affected by diurnal variations. Plant Biosystems, 153(2): 264-272. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2018.1473305
  • 25. Sedlakova, J., Kocourkova, B., Lojkova, L. & Kuban, V. 2003. The essential oil content in caraway species (Carum carvi L.). Horticultural Science, 30(2): 73-79. https://doi.org/10.17221/3818-HORTSCI
  • 26. Soltanbeigi, A. 2020. Qualitative variations of lavandin essential oil under various storage conditions. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 23(6): 1237-1252. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2020.1871076
  • 27. Soltanbeigi, A. & Sakartepe, E. 2020. Chemical specification of Wild Salvia tomentosa Mill. collected From Inner Aegean Region of Turkey. Journal of Medicinal and Spice Plants, 24(1): 31-35.
  • 28. Sönmez, C. & Bayram, E. 2017. The influences of different water and nitrogen application on some yield parameters and antioxidant activity in sage (Salvia officinalis L.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 22(1): 96-103. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.311012
  • 29. Verma, R.S., Padalia, R.C. & Chauhan, A. 2012. Variation in the volatile terpenoids of two industrially important basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars during plant ontogeny in two different cropping seasons from India. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 92(3): 626-631. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4620
Year 2021, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 59 - 65, 15.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.815752

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Afyonkarahisar'da yetiştirilen Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) uçucu yağ oranı ve kalitesi üzerindeki fenolojik evre ve diurnal varyabilite etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ontogenetik varyabiliteye dayalı hasat zamanları çiçeklenme öncesi, çiçeklenme dönemi ve çiçeklenme sonrası olarak belirlenmiştir. Diurnal varyabilite olarak hasat saatleri 06:00, 14:00 ve 20:00 ayarlanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre en yüksek uçucu yağ çiçeklenme döneminde ve saat 20:00'de (%2,05) elde edilmiştir. En iyi hasat zamanı çiçeklenme dönemi ve günün son saatleri olarak saptanmıştır. Diğer fenolojik evrelerde uçucu yağ sentezi neredeyse aynı oranda bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, çalışılan tüm evrelerde uçucu yağ içeriği günün son saatlerine doğru artmıştır. Salvia officinalis uçucu yağının tanımlanan bileşikleri arasında oksijenli monoterpenler en büyük kimyasal gruba sahip olmuştur (%52,8-68,6). α-Thujone (%13,0-35,8) deneme örneklerinin çoğunda ana bileşik olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu bileşiğin en yüksek ve en düşük değerleri sırasıyla çiçeklenme sonrası ve çiçeklenme aşamalarında gözlenmiştir. Camphor (%7,0-20,2), 1,8-sineol (%6,9-14,1), borneol (%2,8-15,8) ve veridiflorol (%4,5-12,3) diğer önemli bileşikler olarak tanımlanmıştır. Salvia officinalis uçucu yağının miktarı ve kalitesi üzerinde gün uzunluğu, güneşlenme, sıcaklık gibi iklim faktörleri ve bitki büyüme evresi etkileri belirgin bir şekilde ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları doğrultusunda, S. officinalis’in en uygun hasat zamanı Afyonkarahisar koşullarında çiçeklenme dönemi ve saat 20:00 olarak belirlemiştir. Bitkinin uçucu yağ bileşenleri, farklı hasat zamanlarında (ontogenetik ve diurnal) geniş değişim göstermiştir.

References

  • 1. Adams, R.P. 2007. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, 4th ed. Allured Publishing Co., Carol Stream, 804 pp.
  • 2. Asghari, G., Gholamali, H., Mahmoudi, Z. & Asghari M. 2014. Diurnal variation of essential of the oil components of Pycnocycla spinosa Decne. ex Boiss. Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products, 9(1): 35-38. https://doi.org/10.17795/jjnpp-12229
  • 3. Azarnivand, H., Ghavam Arabani, M., Sefidkon, F. & Tavili, A. 2010. The effect of ecological characteristics on quality and quantity of the essential oils of Achillea millefolium L. subsp. millefolium. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 25(4): 556-571.
  • 4. Ben-Farhat, M., Jordán, M.J., Chaouch-Hamada, R., Landoulsi, A. & Sotomayor, J.A. 2016. Phenophase effects on sage (Salvia officinalis L.) yield and composition of essential oil. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 3(3): 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2016.02.001
  • 5. Ben-Taarit, M., Msaada, K., Hosni, K., Chahed, T. & Marzouk, B. 2010. Essential oil composition of Salvia verbenaca L. growing wild in Tunisia. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 34(1): 142-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00270.x
  • 6. Bouaziz, M., Yangui, T., Saya, S. & Dhouib, A. 2009. Disinfectant activities of essential oils from Salvia officinalis L cultivated in Tunisia. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(11): 2755-2760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.08.005
  • 7. Bozin, B., Mimica-Dukic, N., Samojlik, I. & Jovin, E. 2007. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of rosemary and sage (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(19): 7879-7885. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0715323
  • 8. Bradley, P.R. 2006. British herbal compendium: a handbook of scientific information on widely used plant drugs. British Herbal Medicine Association, Exeter. 409 pp.
  • 9. European Pharmacopoeia, 2005. 5th ed, version 5.1. EDQM, Strasbourg.
  • 10. Grdiša, M., Jug-Dujaković, M., Lončarić, M., Carović-Stanko, K., Ninčević, T., Liber, Z., Radosavljević, I. & Šatović, Z. 2015. Dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L.): A review of biochemical contents, medical properties and genetic diversity. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 80(2): 69-78.
  • 11. ISO 9909, 1997. International Organization for Standardization. Oil of Dalmatian Sage (Salvia officinalis L.), Geneva (Switzerland).
  • 12. Katar, N., Aydin, D. & Katar, D. 2019. Determination of the effect of different drying temperatures on the content and chemical composition of essential oil of sage (Salvia officinalis). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 12(1): 122-127. https://doi.org/10.5505/biodicon.2019.66376
  • 13. Lakušić, B.S., Ristić, M.S., Slavkovska, V.N., Stojanović, D.L.J. & Lakušić, D.V. 2013. Variations in essential oil yields and compositions of Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae) at different developmental stages. Botanica Serbica, 37(2): 127-139.
  • 14. Lee, Y.L. & Ding, P. 2016. Production of essential oil in plants: Ontogeny, secretory structures and seasonal variations. Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2(1): 1-10.
  • 15. Miguel, M.G., Guerrero, C., Rodrigues, H., Brito, J.C., Duarte, F., Venancio, F. & Tavares, R. 2004. Main components of the essential oils from wild Portuguese Thymus mastichina (L.) L. ssp. mastichina in different developmental stages or under culture conditions. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 16(2): 111-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698665
  • 16. Miraj, S. & Kiani, S. 2016. A review study of therapeutic effects of Salvia officinalis L. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 8(6): 299-303.
  • 17. Mirjalili, M.H., Salehi, P., Sonboli, A. & Vala, M.M. 2006. Essential oil variation of Salvia officinalis aerial parts during its phonological cycle. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 42(1): 19-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-006-0027-4
  • 18. Nurzyńska-Wierdak, R., Bogucka-Kocka, A., Kowalski, R. & Borowski, B. 2012. Changes in the chemical composition of the essential oil of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) depending on the plant growth stage. Chemija, 23(3): 216-222.
  • 19. Özgüven, M., Şener, B., Orhan, I., Sekeroğlu, N., Kırpık, M. & Kartal, M. 2008. Effects of varying nitrogen doses on yield: yield components and artemisinin content of Artemisia annua. Industrial Crops and Products, 27(1): 60-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.07.012
  • 20. Paulus, D., Valmorbida, R., & E.P. Ramos, C. 2019. Productivity and chemical composition of the essential oil of Ocimum × citriodorum Vis. according to ontogenetic and diurnal variation. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 12: 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2018.12.004
  • 21. Piccaglia, R., Marotti, M. & Dellacecca, V. 1997. Effect of planting density and harvest date onyield and chemical composition of sage oil. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 9(2): 187-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1997.9699457
  • 22. Ramakrishna, A. & Ravishankar, G.A. 2011. Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary metabolites in plants. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 6(11): 1720-1731. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.6.11.17613
  • 23. Ramezani, S., Rahmanian, M., Jahanbin, R., Mohajeri, F., Rezaei, M.R. & Solaimani B. 2009. Diurnal changes in essential oil content of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) aerial parts from Iran. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(3): 277-281.
  • 24. Rguez, S., Msaada, K., Daami-Remadi, M., Chayeb, I., Bettaieb Rebey, I., Hammami, M., Laarif, A. & Hamrouni-Sellami, I. 2018. Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of Salvia officinalis aerial parts as affected by diurnal variations. Plant Biosystems, 153(2): 264-272. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2018.1473305
  • 25. Sedlakova, J., Kocourkova, B., Lojkova, L. & Kuban, V. 2003. The essential oil content in caraway species (Carum carvi L.). Horticultural Science, 30(2): 73-79. https://doi.org/10.17221/3818-HORTSCI
  • 26. Soltanbeigi, A. 2020. Qualitative variations of lavandin essential oil under various storage conditions. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 23(6): 1237-1252. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2020.1871076
  • 27. Soltanbeigi, A. & Sakartepe, E. 2020. Chemical specification of Wild Salvia tomentosa Mill. collected From Inner Aegean Region of Turkey. Journal of Medicinal and Spice Plants, 24(1): 31-35.
  • 28. Sönmez, C. & Bayram, E. 2017. The influences of different water and nitrogen application on some yield parameters and antioxidant activity in sage (Salvia officinalis L.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 22(1): 96-103. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.311012
  • 29. Verma, R.S., Padalia, R.C. & Chauhan, A. 2012. Variation in the volatile terpenoids of two industrially important basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars during plant ontogeny in two different cropping seasons from India. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 92(3): 626-631. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4620
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Research Article/Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Amir Soltanbeigi 0000-0002-8791-0482

Elanz Samadpourrıganı This is me 0000-0003-3768-8147

Publication Date April 15, 2021
Submission Date October 24, 2020
Acceptance Date March 26, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 22 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Soltanbeigi, A., & Samadpourrıganı, E. (2021). PHENOLOGICAL CYCLE AND DIURNAL VARIATION EFFECTS ON THE VOLATILE OIL CHARACTERISTICS OF SAGE (Salvia officinalis L.). Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 22(1), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.815752
AMA Soltanbeigi A, Samadpourrıganı E. PHENOLOGICAL CYCLE AND DIURNAL VARIATION EFFECTS ON THE VOLATILE OIL CHARACTERISTICS OF SAGE (Salvia officinalis L.). Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. April 2021;22(1):59-65. doi:10.23902/trkjnat.815752
Chicago Soltanbeigi, Amir, and Elanz Samadpourrıganı. “PHENOLOGICAL CYCLE AND DIURNAL VARIATION EFFECTS ON THE VOLATILE OIL CHARACTERISTICS OF SAGE (Salvia Officinalis L.)”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 22, no. 1 (April 2021): 59-65. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.815752.
EndNote Soltanbeigi A, Samadpourrıganı E (April 1, 2021) PHENOLOGICAL CYCLE AND DIURNAL VARIATION EFFECTS ON THE VOLATILE OIL CHARACTERISTICS OF SAGE (Salvia officinalis L.). Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 22 1 59–65.
IEEE A. Soltanbeigi and E. Samadpourrıganı, “PHENOLOGICAL CYCLE AND DIURNAL VARIATION EFFECTS ON THE VOLATILE OIL CHARACTERISTICS OF SAGE (Salvia officinalis L.)”, Trakya Univ J Nat Sci, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 59–65, 2021, doi: 10.23902/trkjnat.815752.
ISNAD Soltanbeigi, Amir - Samadpourrıganı, Elanz. “PHENOLOGICAL CYCLE AND DIURNAL VARIATION EFFECTS ON THE VOLATILE OIL CHARACTERISTICS OF SAGE (Salvia Officinalis L.)”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 22/1 (April 2021), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.23902/trkjnat.815752.
JAMA Soltanbeigi A, Samadpourrıganı E. PHENOLOGICAL CYCLE AND DIURNAL VARIATION EFFECTS ON THE VOLATILE OIL CHARACTERISTICS OF SAGE (Salvia officinalis L.). Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. 2021;22:59–65.
MLA Soltanbeigi, Amir and Elanz Samadpourrıganı. “PHENOLOGICAL CYCLE AND DIURNAL VARIATION EFFECTS ON THE VOLATILE OIL CHARACTERISTICS OF SAGE (Salvia Officinalis L.)”. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, vol. 22, no. 1, 2021, pp. 59-65, doi:10.23902/trkjnat.815752.
Vancouver Soltanbeigi A, Samadpourrıganı E. PHENOLOGICAL CYCLE AND DIURNAL VARIATION EFFECTS ON THE VOLATILE OIL CHARACTERISTICS OF SAGE (Salvia officinalis L.). Trakya Univ J Nat Sci. 2021;22(1):59-65.

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