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“Don’t Look Up” Filminde Bir Kıyamet Senaryosu Olarak “Post-truth”

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 17, 318 - 341, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1208282

Abstract

Gerçeklik, özellikle konvansiyonel medya pratikleri açısından önem atfedilen ve enformasyonun üzerine inşa edilmesinin beklendiği bir olgudur. Ne var ki dijitalleşmeyle birlikte günümüzde toplumsal yapıların uğradığı dönüşüm, gerçeklik olgusuna verilen önem konusunda kırılmalara yol açmıştır. Bu durum, her ne kadar yeni iletişim teknolojileri ile ilişkili olarak özellikle sosyal medyanın yaygın kullanımının bir sonucu şeklinde değerlendirilse de söz konusu kırılmalara hazır bir toplumun var olması da bu durumun ortaya çıkmasını hızlandıran önemli bir unsur olarak belirmektedir. Algısal düzlemde gerçekliğin giderek önemsizleştiği ve malumat elde etmede aranılan bir özellik olmaktan çıktığı bu dönem literatürde “Post-truth” olarak tanımlanmıştır. Rasyonel olanın yerini alan duyguların bireysel ve toplumsal hafızada gerçek olarak algılanması ile ortaya çıkan bu kavram, günümüz toplumlarında bilimin giderek gücünü yitirmesini, çıkar ve sonuç elde etme bağlamında yeniden düzenlenen iletişim ve ilişki süreçlerinin önemli/önemsiz fark etmeksizin herhangi bir konu üzerinde toplumsal uzlaşı sağlamayı güçleştirmesini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Yönetmenliğini Adam McKay’in yapmış olduğu 2021 yapımı Don’t Look Up filmi, dünyaya çarpmak üzere olan bir kuyruklu yıldızdan yola çıkarak bilimsel gerçekliği olan bir enformasyonun günümüz Post-truth toplumlarında nasıl önemsizleştirildiğini siyaset, medya ve birey arasındaki görünmeyen ilişkileri de açığa çıkararak betimlemekte ve toplumu savunmasız hâle getiren Post-truth dinamiklerinin görünenden çok daha tehlikeli sonuçlar doğurabileceğini iddia etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bir nitel veri analiz türü olan “betimsel analiz” yöntemiyle incelenen film, Post-truth kavramını diğer bilgi kirliliği türlerinden ayıran dokuz nitelik çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirmeler sonucunda, politik yalanlar ve sahte haberler aracılığıyla yaratılan söylemlerin gerçekliğin yerine geçerek kişisel yargıları doğrudan etkilediği ve bu durumun bilimsel gerçekliğe zarar verdiği görülmüştür. Bilimsel gerçekliği olmasına rağmen, sosyal medyada gündem olacak kadar eğlenceli olmayan içeriklerin haber değeri taşımadığına ilişkin yaklaşımın, bu içeriklerin kamuoyuna ulaşması konusunda yayın platformları ve haber içeriği açısından ciddi engeller ortaya çıkardığı anlaşılmıştır. Film, bu durumun sadece demokrasi açısından değil dünyanın ve insanlığın geleceği açısından da bir tehdit unsuru olduğunu öne sürmektedir.

References

  • Alpay, Y. (2017). Yalanın Siyaseti. Destek Yayınları.
  • Berger, G. (2018). Foreword. C. Ireton and J. Posetti (Eds.), Journalism, ‘Fake News’ & Disinformation: Handbook for Journalism Education and Training (pp. 7-13). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
  • Beriş, H. E. (2022, 7 Ocak). Ne yukarı ne aşağı... Doğru yere bak!. Star. https://www.star. com.tr/acik-gorus/ne-yukari-ne-asagi-dogru-yere-bak-haber-1680688/ adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022)
  • Börzsei, L. K. (2013). Makes a Meme Instead: A Concise History of Internet Memes. New
  • Media Studies Magazine, 7, 1-25. https://www.academia.edu/3649116/ Makes_a_Meme_Instead_ A_Concise_History_of_Internet_Memes adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Chandler, D. ve Munday, R. (2018). Medya ve İletişim Sözlüğü (B. Taşdemir, Çev.). İletişim Yayınları.
  • Cherry, K. (2022, September 28). What is Toxic Positivity?. Verywell Mind. https:// www.verywellmind.com/what-is-toxic-positivity-5093958#:~:text=Toxic%20 positivity%20is%20the%20belief,should%20maintain%20a%20positive%20 mindset.&text=The%20problem%20is%20that%20life,with%20pain- ful%20emotions%20and%20experiences adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Clark, N. (2016, November 21). ‘Fake News’ & ‘Post-truth’ Politics? What About Those Iraqi WMDs?. RT News. https://www.rt.com/op-ed/367625-fake-news-Post-trut- hiraqiwmds/ adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Davison, P. (2012). The Language of Internet Memes. M. Mandiberg (Ed), The Social Media Reader (pp. 120-134). New York University Press.
  • Dawkins, R. (2006). The Selfish Gene. Oxford University Press.
  • Harsin, J. (2018). Post-truth and Critical Communication. D. Cloud (Ed), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication (pp. 1-36). Oxford University Press.
  • Isackson, P. (2022, January 18). The Real Message of Adam McKay’s “Don’t Look Up”. Fair Observer. https://www.fairobserver.com/region/north_america/peter-i- sackson-dont-look-up-reviews-adam-mckay-leonardo-dicaprio-hollywood-film-news-84394/ adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022)
  • Keyes, R. (2019). Hakikat Sonrası Çağ: Günümüz Dünyasında Yalancılık ve Aldatma (D. Özçetin, Çev.). Delidolu.
  • Knobel, M. and Lanksher, C. (2005, November 30). Memes and Affinities: Cultural Replication and Literacy Education [Conference presentation paper]. 55th Annual National Reading Conference, Miami, United States. https://www.research- gate.net/publication/249902174_ Memes_and_affinities_Cultural_replica- tion_and_literacy_education adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Malcolm, D. (2021). Post-truth Society? An Eliasian Sociological Analysis of Know- ledge in the 21st Century, Sociology, 55(6), 1-17. https://doi. org/10.1177/0038038521994039
  • Mcintyre, L. (2018). Post-truth. The MIT Press.
  • Mohler Jr., R. A. (2005, July 19). The Post-truth Era — Welcome to the Age of Dishonesty. Albert Mohler. https://albertmohler.com/2005/07/19/the-Post-truth-e- ra-welcome-to-the-age-of-Dishonesty adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Nolan, E. (2021, August 12). How Donald Trump Inspired Meryl Streep’s Portrayal of GOP President in ‘Don’t Look Up’. Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/ meryl-streep-president-dont-look-donald-trump-1657364 adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Oxford Learner’s Dictionary. (n.d.). Post-truth. In oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. Retrieved September 19, 2022, from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/ definition/ english/Post-truth?q=Post-truth adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022). Sancar, N. (2021, Aralık 29). Don’t Look Up, Sakın Yukarı Bakma. Evrensel. https://www. evrensel.net/haber/451418/dont-look-up-sakin-yukari-bakma adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Sherman, M. (2021, December 24). ‘Don’t Look Up’ Is the Perfect Satire for Our Current Moment. Netflix. https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/dont-look-up-perfect-satire-essay adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Sinnerbrink, R. (2022, January 14). Movie review: Do look up, if you dare. The Lighthouse. https://lighthouse.mq.edu.au/article/january-2022/movie-review-do-look- up,-if-you-dare adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Tesich, S. (1992, January 6/13). A Government of Lies. The Nation. http://www.thenation. com/archive
  • The Economist (2016, September 10). Art of the Lie. The Economist. https://www.econo- mist.com/leaders/2016/09/10/art-of-the-lie adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri. (n.d.). Propaganda. İçinde https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2022)
  • Wardle, C. and Derakhshan, H. (2017). Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policymaking. Council of Europe. https://rm. coe.int/information-disorder-toward-an-interdisciplinary-framework-for-re- searc/168076277c adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Wardle, C. (2020). Bilgi Düzensizliği Çağı. C. Silverman (Ed.) Dezenformasyon ve Medya Manipülasyonu Üzerine Doğrulama El Kitabı (pp. 9-15). European Journalism Centre.
  • Viner, K. (2016, July 12). How Technology Disrupted the Truth. The Guardian. https://www. theguardian.com/media/2016/jul/12/how-technology-disrupted-the-truth adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Yerlikaya, T. ve Aslan, S. T. (2020). Social Media and Fake News in the Post-truth Era: The Manipulation of Politics in the Election Process, Insight Turkey, 22(2), 177-196. https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2020222.11

“Post-truth” as an Apocalyptic Scenario in “Don't Look Up”

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 17, 318 - 341, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1208282

Abstract

Reality is an important phenomenon, which is especially important in terms of conventional media practices and on which information is expected to be built. However, with digitalization, there have been breaks in the importance of the notion of reality today, considering both the transformations in social structures and its effects on social life. Although the ruptures in the importance of the reality phenomenon are considered as a result of the transformations in new communication technologies and especially social media, the existence of a society ready for these ruptures appears as an important structural factor that accelerates the emergence of this situation. This period, in which reality becomes increasingly insignificant on the perceptual level and ceases to be a sought-after feature in obtaining information, has been defined as “Post-truth”. This concept, which emerged with the perception of emotions as real in individual and social memory and replaced the rational, means that science gradually loses its power in today's societies; It has also brought about the fact that communication and relationship processes, which are reorganized in the context of gaining interests and results, make it difficult to achieve social consensus on any issue, regardless of whether it is important or insignificant. The film Don't Look Up (2021), directed by Adam McKay, depicts how scientifically authentic information is trivialized in today's Post-truth societies, based on a comet that is about to crash into the world, by revealing the invisible relationships between politics, media and the individual. It claims that the Post-truth dynamics which make the society vulnerable can lead to more dangerous results than it seems. In this study, the film, which is examined with the descriptive analysis method, is evaluated within the framework of nine qualities that distinguish the concept of Post-truth from other types of information pollution. As a result of the evaluations, it was seen that the discourses created through political lies and fake news directly affect personal judgments by replacing reality, and this situation harms scientific reality. It has been understood that the approach that content that is not entertaining enough to become an agenda on social media is not newsworthy, despite its scientific reality, poses serious obstacles in terms of broadcast platforms and news content in terms of reaching the public. The film argues that this is a threat not only to democracy but also to the future of the world and humanity.

References

  • Alpay, Y. (2017). Yalanın Siyaseti. Destek Yayınları.
  • Berger, G. (2018). Foreword. C. Ireton and J. Posetti (Eds.), Journalism, ‘Fake News’ & Disinformation: Handbook for Journalism Education and Training (pp. 7-13). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
  • Beriş, H. E. (2022, 7 Ocak). Ne yukarı ne aşağı... Doğru yere bak!. Star. https://www.star. com.tr/acik-gorus/ne-yukari-ne-asagi-dogru-yere-bak-haber-1680688/ adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022)
  • Börzsei, L. K. (2013). Makes a Meme Instead: A Concise History of Internet Memes. New
  • Media Studies Magazine, 7, 1-25. https://www.academia.edu/3649116/ Makes_a_Meme_Instead_ A_Concise_History_of_Internet_Memes adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Chandler, D. ve Munday, R. (2018). Medya ve İletişim Sözlüğü (B. Taşdemir, Çev.). İletişim Yayınları.
  • Cherry, K. (2022, September 28). What is Toxic Positivity?. Verywell Mind. https:// www.verywellmind.com/what-is-toxic-positivity-5093958#:~:text=Toxic%20 positivity%20is%20the%20belief,should%20maintain%20a%20positive%20 mindset.&text=The%20problem%20is%20that%20life,with%20pain- ful%20emotions%20and%20experiences adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Clark, N. (2016, November 21). ‘Fake News’ & ‘Post-truth’ Politics? What About Those Iraqi WMDs?. RT News. https://www.rt.com/op-ed/367625-fake-news-Post-trut- hiraqiwmds/ adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Davison, P. (2012). The Language of Internet Memes. M. Mandiberg (Ed), The Social Media Reader (pp. 120-134). New York University Press.
  • Dawkins, R. (2006). The Selfish Gene. Oxford University Press.
  • Harsin, J. (2018). Post-truth and Critical Communication. D. Cloud (Ed), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication (pp. 1-36). Oxford University Press.
  • Isackson, P. (2022, January 18). The Real Message of Adam McKay’s “Don’t Look Up”. Fair Observer. https://www.fairobserver.com/region/north_america/peter-i- sackson-dont-look-up-reviews-adam-mckay-leonardo-dicaprio-hollywood-film-news-84394/ adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022)
  • Keyes, R. (2019). Hakikat Sonrası Çağ: Günümüz Dünyasında Yalancılık ve Aldatma (D. Özçetin, Çev.). Delidolu.
  • Knobel, M. and Lanksher, C. (2005, November 30). Memes and Affinities: Cultural Replication and Literacy Education [Conference presentation paper]. 55th Annual National Reading Conference, Miami, United States. https://www.research- gate.net/publication/249902174_ Memes_and_affinities_Cultural_replica- tion_and_literacy_education adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Malcolm, D. (2021). Post-truth Society? An Eliasian Sociological Analysis of Know- ledge in the 21st Century, Sociology, 55(6), 1-17. https://doi. org/10.1177/0038038521994039
  • Mcintyre, L. (2018). Post-truth. The MIT Press.
  • Mohler Jr., R. A. (2005, July 19). The Post-truth Era — Welcome to the Age of Dishonesty. Albert Mohler. https://albertmohler.com/2005/07/19/the-Post-truth-e- ra-welcome-to-the-age-of-Dishonesty adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Nolan, E. (2021, August 12). How Donald Trump Inspired Meryl Streep’s Portrayal of GOP President in ‘Don’t Look Up’. Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/ meryl-streep-president-dont-look-donald-trump-1657364 adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Oxford Learner’s Dictionary. (n.d.). Post-truth. In oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. Retrieved September 19, 2022, from https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/ definition/ english/Post-truth?q=Post-truth adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022). Sancar, N. (2021, Aralık 29). Don’t Look Up, Sakın Yukarı Bakma. Evrensel. https://www. evrensel.net/haber/451418/dont-look-up-sakin-yukari-bakma adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Sherman, M. (2021, December 24). ‘Don’t Look Up’ Is the Perfect Satire for Our Current Moment. Netflix. https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/dont-look-up-perfect-satire-essay adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Sinnerbrink, R. (2022, January 14). Movie review: Do look up, if you dare. The Lighthouse. https://lighthouse.mq.edu.au/article/january-2022/movie-review-do-look- up,-if-you-dare adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Tesich, S. (1992, January 6/13). A Government of Lies. The Nation. http://www.thenation. com/archive
  • The Economist (2016, September 10). Art of the Lie. The Economist. https://www.econo- mist.com/leaders/2016/09/10/art-of-the-lie adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri. (n.d.). Propaganda. İçinde https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.10.2022)
  • Wardle, C. and Derakhshan, H. (2017). Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policymaking. Council of Europe. https://rm. coe.int/information-disorder-toward-an-interdisciplinary-framework-for-re- searc/168076277c adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Wardle, C. (2020). Bilgi Düzensizliği Çağı. C. Silverman (Ed.) Dezenformasyon ve Medya Manipülasyonu Üzerine Doğrulama El Kitabı (pp. 9-15). European Journalism Centre.
  • Viner, K. (2016, July 12). How Technology Disrupted the Truth. The Guardian. https://www. theguardian.com/media/2016/jul/12/how-technology-disrupted-the-truth adresinden alındı, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022).
  • Yerlikaya, T. ve Aslan, S. T. (2020). Social Media and Fake News in the Post-truth Era: The Manipulation of Politics in the Election Process, Insight Turkey, 22(2), 177-196. https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2020222.11
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bilal Süslü 0000-0002-7176-1427

Alper Erçetingöz 0000-0002-9168-5740

Publication Date January 31, 2023
Submission Date November 21, 2022
Acceptance Date January 2, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 17

Cite

APA Süslü, B., & Erçetingöz, A. (2023). “Don’t Look Up” Filminde Bir Kıyamet Senaryosu Olarak “Post-truth”. TRT Akademi, 8(17), 318-341. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1208282