<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>turk j sport exe</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2147-5652</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Selcuk University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15314/tsed.1767408</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Sports Activity Management</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Spor Faaliyetleri Yönetimi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Off-Field Leadership: The Impact of Athletes&#039; Developing Motivation Capacities on Success During the Training Process</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Saha Dışı Liderlik: Sporcuların Eğitim Sürecinde Gelişen Motivasyon Kapasitelerinin Başarı Üzerindeki Etkisi</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-6320</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yönal</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mehmet</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-7553</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Türkmen</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mutlu</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BAYBURT UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260430">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>28</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>1</fpage>
                                        <lpage>15</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250817">
                        <day>08</day>
                        <month>17</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260402">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>02</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1999, Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1999</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>This study systematically reveals how athletes&#039; motivation is strengthened by off-field leadership support and the positive effects this has on success. In the world of sports, leadership is shaped not only by on-field performance but also by psychological and social factors off the field. This study aims to examine the impact of off-field leadership on the motivation capacities developed by athletes throughout their training process and the relationship between these capacities and success from a theoretical perspective. Although leadership in sports is mostly evaluated in the context of on-field performance, off-field leadership plays a decisive role in athletes&#039; psychological development, identity construction, and long-term success. In this context, the research is structured around three main dimensions: the role of off-field leadership in the construction of athlete identity, the interaction between leadership and motivation in the training process, and the impact of psychological factors on success. The study was conducted within the framework of a qualitative research approach, and the multidimensional meaning of off-site leadership was theoretically analysed using phenomenological analysis methods. In this study, which is not based on field data, the analysis was conducted based on the relevant literature and theoretical framework. The findings reveal that athletes&#039; motivational development is strengthened by leadership-based social support mechanisms and that this development contributes significantly to success. The original value of the study lies in its multidisciplinary perspective, which relates off-field leadership to motivational capacity and considers individual success not only in terms of physical performance but also in terms of psychological and social processes. In this respect, the study makes important contributions to the literature on sports education, leadership theories, and sports psychology.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Bu çalışma, sporcuların saha dışı liderlik destekleriyle motivasyonlarının nasıl güçlendiğini ve bunun başarıya olan olumlu etkilerini sistematik olarak ortaya koymaktadır. Spor dünyasında liderlik, sadece saha içi performansla değil, saha dışındaki psikolojik ve sosyal etkenlerle de şekillenmektedir. Bu çalışma, saha dışı liderliğin sporcuların eğitim süreci boyunca geliştirdiği motivasyon kapasiteleri üzerindeki etkisini ve bu kapasitenin başarıyla olan ilişkisini kuramsal bir yaklaşımla ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Sporda liderlik, çoğunlukla saha içi performans bağlamında değerlendirilse de sporcuların psikolojik gelişimi, kimlik inşası ve uzun vadeli başarılarında saha dışı liderliğin belirleyici bir rol oynadığı görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, araştırma üç temel boyutta yapılandırılmıştır: Saha dışı liderliğin sporcu kimliğinin inşasındaki rolü, liderlik ve motivasyonun eğitim sürecindeki etkileşimi ve psikolojik etkenlerin başarı üzerindeki etkisi. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yaklaşımı çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve fenomenolojik analiz yöntemiyle saha dışı liderlik olgusunun çok boyutlu anlamı kuramsal olarak çözümlenmiştir. Saha verisine dayanmayan bu çalışmada, ilgili literatür ve kuramsal çerçeve temel alınarak analiz yapılmıştır. Bulgular, sporcuların motivasyonel gelişimlerinin liderlik temelli sosyal destek mekanizmalarıyla güçlendiğini ve bu gelişimin başarıya anlamlı düzeyde katkı sağladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmanın özgün değeri, saha dışı liderliği motivasyon kapasitesiyle ilişkilendirerek bireysel başarıyı yalnızca fiziksel performansla değil, psikolojik ve sosyal süreçlerle birlikte ele alan çok disiplinli bir perspektif sunmasıdır. Bu yönüyle çalışma, spor eğitimi, liderlik teorileri ve spor psikolojisi literatürüne önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Success</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Motivation</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Psychological Factors</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Off-Field Leadership</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Athlete	 Identity</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Başarı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Motivasyon</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Psikolojk Etkenler</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Saha Dışı Liderlik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Sporcu Kimliği</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">1.	Afshari A, Safarzadeh S. Correlation between brain-behavioral 
systems and sports success in athletes: Mediated by resilience. 
Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 2025; 1–14.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">2.	Agergaard S, Lenneis V. Rethinking the vulnerability of groups 
targeted in health-promoting sports and physical activity 
programs. In: Rethinking Sport and Social Issues, Andreasson, J and 
Henning, A, eds. Basel: MDPI, 2024.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">3.	Aoyagi K, Ishii K, Shibata A, Arai H, Fukamachi H, Oka K. A 
qualitative investigation of the factors perceived to influence 
student motivation for school-based extracurricular sports 
participation in Japan. International Journal of Adolescence and 
Youth, 2020; 25(1): 624-637.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">4.	Bertelloni S, Ruggeri S, Baroncelli GI. Effects of sports training in 
adolescence on growth, puberty and bone health. Gynecological 
Endocrinology, 2006; 22(11): 605–612.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">5.	Biddle, S, Mutrie, N, Gorely, T, Faulkner, G. Psychology of Physical 
Activity: Determinants, Well-Being and Interventions (4th ed.). 
London: Routledge, 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">6.	Burns A, Collins, D. Interdisciplinary practice in performance 
sport: A scoping review of evidence of collaboration. European 
Journal of Sport Science, 2023; 23(9): 1877–1891.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">7.	Chen YL, Liu YF, Huang CY, Lee SD, Chan YS, Chen CC, Kuo CH. 
Normalization effect of sports training on blood pressure in 
hypertensives. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2010; 28(4): 361–367.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">8.	Côté J, Gilbert W. An integrative definition of coaching 
effectiveness and expertise. International Journal of Sports Science 
&amp; Coaching, 2009; 4(3): 307–323.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">9.	Cotterill ST, Fransen K. Athlete leadership in sport teams: 
Current understanding and future directions. International Review 
of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2016; 9(1): 116-133.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">10.	Cotterill ST, Loughead TM, Fransen, K. Athlete leadership 
development within teams: Current understanding and future 
directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 2022; 13: 820745.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">11.	Curtis TR. Encouraging student-athletes’ academic success 
through task orientation goal-setting. Journal of College and 
Character, 2006; 7(3): 1-5.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">12.	De Bosscher V, De Knop P, Van Bottenburg M, Shibli, S. A 
conceptual framework for analysing sports policy factors leading 
to international sporting success. European Sport Management 
Quarterly, 2006; 6(2): 185-215.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">13.	De Meester A, Maes J, Stodden D, Cardon G, Goodway J, Lenoir 
M, Haerens L. Identifying profiles of actual and perceived motor 
competence among adolescents: Associations with motivation, 
physical activity, and sports participation. Journal of Sports 
Sciences, 2016; 34(21): 2027–2037.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">14.	Descheemaeker K, De Bosscher V, Shibli S, van Bottenburg M. 
The trickle-up effect: Exploring the relationship between youth 
sports participation and elite sporting success. Managing Sport 
and Leisure, 2025; 1–17.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">15.	Ferkins L, Shilbury D, O’Boyle I. Collective leadership in nonprofit 
sport boards. Sport Management Review, 2025; 28:2: 257-281.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">16.	Fletcher RB, Roberts MH. Longitudinal stability of the leadership 
scale for sports. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise 
Science, 2013; 17(2): 89–104.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">17.	Fransen K, Mertens N, Cotterill ST, Vande Broek G, Boen, F. From 
autocracy to empowerment: Teams with shared leadership 
perceive their coaches to be better leaders. Journal of Applied 
Sport Psychology, 2020; 32(1): 5–27.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">18.	Gabana NT, Wong YJ, D’Addario A, Chow GM. The Athlete 
Gratitude Group (TAGG): Effects of coach participation in a positive 
psychology intervention with youth athletes. Journal of Applied 
Sport Psychology, 2022; 34(2): 229–250.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">19.	González-Haro C, Calleja-González J, Escanero JF. Learning 
styles favoured by professional, amateur, and recreational athletes 
in different sports. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2010; 28(8): 859–866.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">20.	Gould D, Carson S. Life skills development through sport: 
Current status and future directions. International Review of Sport 
and Exercise Psychology, 2008; 1(1): 58–78.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">21.	Gould D, Voelker DK. Youth sport leadership development: 
Leveraging the sports captaincy experience. Journal of Sport 
Psychology in Action, 2010; 1(1): 1–14.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">22.	Guillén M. Motivation in organisations: Searching for a 
meaningful work-life balance. London: Routledge, 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">23.	Gupta S, McCarthy PJ. The sporting resilience model: A 
systematic review of resilience in sport performers. Frontiers in 
Psychology, 2022; 13: 1003053</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">24.	Gutiérrez-Capote A, Jiménez-Martínez J, Madinabeitia I, de 
Orbe-Moreno M, Pesce C, Cardenas D. Sport as cognition enhancer 
from childhood to young adulthood: A systematic review focused 
on sport modality. International Journal of Sport and Exercise 
Psychology, 2024; 22(2): 395–427.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">25.	Jin H, Kim S, Love A, Jin Y, Zhao J. Effects of leadership style on 
coach athlete relationship, athletes’ motivations, and athlete 
satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 2022; 13: 1012953.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">26.	Joseph J, Awasthi S, Mulla ZR. Leadership for disaster resilience: 
Lessons from India. London: Routledge, 2023.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">27.	Kang P, Yoo S, Davis S, Serrano MHG, Ko YJ. Exploring Need 
Segments of Recreational Sports Participants. Journal of Global 
Sport Management, 2025; 1–24.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">28.	Kaplanidou K, Kerwin S, Karadakis K. Understanding sport event 
success: Exploring perceptions of sport event consumers and event 
providers. Journal of Sport &amp; Tourism, 2013; 18(3): 137–159.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">29.	Keh HC, Wang Y. Using detected physiological traits to revive 
sports training. International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 
2008; 28(4), 430–438.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">30.	Kim MJ, Mao, LL, Seidler T, Barnes J. The shift in sports viewing: 
Scale development and validation for mediated sports 
consumption motivation. European Sport Management Quarterly, 
2024; 25(2), 238–260.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">31.	Kopp A, Reichert M, Jekauc, D. Trait and ability emotional 
intelligence and its impact on sports performance of athletes. 
Sports, 2021; 9(5): 60.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">32.	Kościółek S. Equity crowdfunding in sports clubs: Consumer-
oriented strategic marketing. London: Routledge, 2024.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">33.	Lange Smith S, Cabot J, Coffee P, Gunnel K, Tod D. The efficacy 
of psychological skills training for enhancing performance in sport: 
a review of reviews. International Journal of Sport and Exercise 
Psychology, 2024; 22(4): 1012–1029.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">34.	Loland S. The idea of natural athletic performance: An 
interpretation and a defence. In: Sport, Performance and 
Sustainability, Svensson, D, Backman, E, Hedenborg, S and Sörlin, S, 
eds. London: Routledge, 2023.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">35.	Magano J, Leite Â. The motivation scale for sport consumption: 
Turkish and Spanish versions’ psychometric properties. Managing 
Sport and Leisure, 2022; 29(3): 373–391.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">36.	Manninen M, Dishman R, Hwang Y, Magrum E, Deng Y, Yli Piipari 
S. Self determination theory based instructional interventions and 
motivational regulations in organized physical activity: A 
systematic review and multivariate meta analysis. Psychology of 
Sport and Exercise, 2022; 62: 102248.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">37.	Mascherini G, Petri C, Stefani L, Toncelli L, Bini V, Cala P, Galanti 
G. The impact of the weight status on cardiovascular parameters 
related to physical effort in young athletes. In: Physical Activity and 
Sports Practice in Improving Body Composition and Sustainable 
Health, Georgian, B and Campa, F, eds.  Basel: MDPI, 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">38.	Megheirkouni M. Psychological contract, leadership, and job 
satisfaction: An empirical investigation into the non-profit sports 
sector. Annals of Leisure Research, 2020; 25(2): 203–226.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">39.	Mennes MA. Motivation – mechanisms of the mind and their 
quest for expression: Introduction to a study on a theoretical model 
of the process of motivation. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University 
Press., 2023.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">40.	Miklian J, Katsos JE. Ethical leadership in conflict and crisis: 
Evidence from leaders on how to make more peaceful, sustainable, 
and profitable communities. Cambridge: Cambridge University 
Press, 2024.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">41.	Monda SJ, Voelker DK, Kimball AC, Cardone D. The student-
athlete leadership academy: Ten years of interscholastic sport 
leadership training. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2016; 7(2): 
98–108.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">42.	Moran AP, Toner J. A critical introduction to sport psychology 
(3rd ed.). London: Routledge, 2017.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">43.	Mutter F, Pawlowski T. Role models in sports – Can success in 
professional sports increase the demand for amateur sport 
participation?. Sport Management Review, 2013; 17(3): 324–336.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">44.	Næss HE, Svendsen M. Sport, leadership, and social inclusion. 
London: Routledge, 2025.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">45.	Niemandt N. Missional leadership. In: HTS Religion &amp; Society 
Series Volume 7, Cape Town: AOSIS, 2019.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">46.	Nista-Piccolo VL, Sobreira V. Sports pedagogy: From initiation to 
sports training. Sports Coaching Review, 2016; 5(2): 186–188.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">47.	Northouse PG. Leadership: Theory and practice (9th ed.). 
Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">48.	Ntoumanis N, Pensgaard AM, Martin C, Pipe K. An idiographic 
analysis of amotivation in compulsory school physical education. 
Journal of Sport &amp; Exercise Psychology, 2004; 26(2): 197–214.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">49.	Oliveira R, Brito JP. Load monitoring and its relationship with 
healthcare in sports. In: Improving Athletes’ Performance and 
Avoiding Health Issues, Brito, JP and Oliveira, R, eds. Basel: MDPI, 
2023.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">50.	Pawlowski T, Downward P, Rasciute S. Does national pride from 
international sporting success contribute to well-being? An 
international investigation. Sport Management Review, 2013; 17(2): 
121–132.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">51.	Polirstok S. Building success: The intersection of emotional 
intelligence, self-regulation, grit and mindset, and high approval 
teaching. In: Motivation and Success, Taukeni, SG, ed.  London: 
IntechOpen, 2023.
52.	Reynolds R, Mjelde JW, Bessler DA. Dynamic relationships among winning in various sports and donations to collegiate athletic departments. Cogent Social Sciences, 2017; 3(1): 1-24.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref52">
                        <label>52</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">53.	Roldán-Márquez R, Onetti-Onetti W, Alvero-Cruz JR, Castillo-Rodríguez A. Win or lose. physical and physiological responses in paddle tennis competition according to the game result. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 2022; 22(4): 479–490.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref53">
                        <label>53</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">54.	Ryan RM, Deci EL. Self-determination theory: Basic 
psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. 
New York, NY: Guilford Press, 2017.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref54">
                        <label>54</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">55.	Schnirring L. Sports training and growth delay: Is there a 
connection?. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2001; 29(2): 23–27.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref55">
                        <label>55</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">56.	Sebire SJ, Standage M, Vansteenkiste M. Examining intrinsic 
versus extrinsic exercise goals: cognitive, affective, and behavioral 
outcomes. Journal of Sport &amp; Exercise Psychology, 2009; 31(2): 189–
210.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref56">
                        <label>56</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">57.	Stajkovic AD, Stajkovic KS. Human sustainability and cognitive 
overload at work: The psychological cost of working. New York, NY: 
Routledge, 2025.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref57">
                        <label>57</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">58.	Sulkowski L, Dacko-Pikiewicz Z, Szczepańska-Woszczyna K. 
Philosophy and leadership: An evolution of leadership from ancient 
times to the digital age. New York, NY: Routledge, 2024.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref58">
                        <label>58</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">59.	Suppiah HT, Low CY, Chia M. Effects of sports training on sleep 
characteristics of Asian adolescent athletes. Biological Rhythm 
Research, 2015; 46(4): 523–536.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref59">
                        <label>59</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">60.	Tendinha R, Alves MD, Freitas T, Appleton G, Gonçalves L, Ihle A, 
Marques A. Impact of Sports Education Model in Physical Education 
on Students’ Motivation: A Systematic Review. Children, 2021; 8(7): 
588.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref60">
                        <label>60</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">61.	Thomas O, Kucza G, Schuppisser S. Can sports sponsorship 
affect consumers’ motivation for sports consumption?. Journal of 
Promotion Management, 2022; 28(7): 893-922.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref61">
                        <label>61</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">62.	Tipuric D. The enactment of strategic leadership: A critical 
perspective. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref62">
                        <label>62</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">63.	Tokarska E, Rogowska, AM. Motivation and self efficacy in 
cycling and running athletes: A person centered approach. 
Frontiers in Psychology, 2025; 16: 1533763.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref63">
                        <label>63</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">64.	Tóth-Király I, Amoura C, Bőthe B, Orosz G, Rigó A. Predictors and 
outcomes of core and peripheral sport motivation profiles: A 
person-centered study. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2020; 38(8): 
897–909.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref64">
                        <label>64</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">65.	Uusiautti S, Määttä K. The psychology of becoming a successful 
worker: Research on the changing nature of achievement at work. 
London: Routledge, 2015.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref65">
                        <label>65</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">66.	Vallerand RJ, Losier GF. An integrative analysis of intrinsic and 
extrinsic motivation in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 
1999; 11(1): 142–169.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref66">
                        <label>66</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">67.	Verwijmeren S, de Vries JD, Bakker AB. Playful sport design: A 
game changer?. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2023; 36(1): 
45–74.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref67">
                        <label>67</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">68.	Whales L, Frawley S, Cohen A, Nikolova N. We are a team of 
leaders: Practicing leadership in professional sport. Sport 
Management Review, 2022; 25(3): 476–500.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref68">
                        <label>68</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">69.	Willis L, Carver Thomas D, Darling Hammond L. District 
leadership for racial equity: Lessons from school systems that are 
closing the gap. New York, NY: Routledge, 2025.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref69">
                        <label>69</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">70.	Zibung M, Conzelmann A. National youth team football players 
between the conflicting priorities of sports success and vocational 
training. European Journal for Sport and Society, 2014; 11(2): 127–150.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref70">
                        <label>70</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">71.	Zuber C, Zibung M, Conzelmann A. Motivational patterns as an 
instrument for predicting success in promising young football 
players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2014; 33(2), 160–168.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref71">
                        <label>71</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">72.	Žydžiūnaitė V. Teacher leadership in school for student 
learning: Experiences of Lithuanian teachers. Bad Heilbrunn: Verlag 
Julius Klinkhardt, 2025.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
