The Perceived Stress Reactivity Scale for Adolescent Athletes: Translation, Validity and Reliability Study

Year 2019, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 360 - 365, 15.09.2019

Ender Şenel Mevlüt Yıldız Nazmi Bayköse

https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.492895

Abstract

ABSTRACT

This study aims to analyze the validity and reliability of The Perceived Stress Reactivity Scale for Adolescent Athletes. 220 athletes including 111 females and 109 males from seventeen different sports branches participated in the study. The age mean of the participants was found to be 19.76±1.05. The sporting age mean was found to be 7.11±2.96. Data was collected by using The Perceived Stress Reactivity Scale for Adolescent Athletes (8), Perceived Stress Scale (9, 11). The factor structure was analyzed by using Confirmatory Factor Analysis in AMOS. Pearson Correlation test was used to analyze factor-factor relationship and criterion-related validity. The method of translation-back translation was used for the translation of the scale into Turkish. The results of the factor analysis displayed that 5-factor model had acceptable fit indices (CFI=.83, SRMR=.07, RMSEA=.07). The 5-factor scale including the subscales of prolonged reactivity, reactivity to work overload, reactivity to social conflict, reactivity to social evaluation, and reactivity to failure had the same factor structure in Turkish athletes. Consequently, it can be said that The Turkish form of the Perceived Stress Reactivity Scale for Adolescent Athletes is valid and reliable.

Keywords

Adolescent athletes, stress reactivity, scale adaptation

References

• Anshel M. Coping styles among adolescent competitive athletes. The Journal of Social Psychology, 1996; 136(3): 311-323.
• Anshel MH, Kaissidis AN. Coping style and situational appraisals as predictors of coping strategies following stressful events in sport as a function of gender and skill level. British Journal of Psychology, 1997; 88(2): 263-276.
• Anshel MH, Wells B. Sources of acute stress and coping styles in competitive sport. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 2000; 13(1): 1-26.
• Anshel MH, Brown JM, Brown DF. Effectiveness of program for coping with acute stress on motor performance, affect, and muscular tension. Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 1993; 25: 7–16.
• Barnett LA. Flying high or crashing down: Girls' accounts of trying out for cheerleading and dance. Journal of Adolescent Research, 2006; 21: 514-541.
• Barnett LA. “Winners” and “losers”: The effects of being allowed or denied entry into competitive extracurricular activities. Journal of Leisure Research, 2007; 39(2): 316-344.
• Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine, 25(24), 3186-3191.
• Britton D, Kavanagh E, Polman R. The Perceived Stress Reactivity Scale for adolescent athletes. Personality and Individual Differences, 2017; 116: 301-308.
• Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 1983; 24(4): 385-396.
• Davis LL. Instrument review: Getting the most from your panel of experts. Applied Nursing Research, 1992; 5(4): 194–197.
• Eskin M, Harlak H, Demirkıran F, Dereboy Ç. Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New Symposium Journal, 2013; 51(3): 132-140.
• Fabrigar L.R, Wegener DT, MacCallum RC, Strahan EJ. Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological methods, 1999; 4(3): 272-299
• Folkman S, Lazarus RS. An analysis of coping in a middleaged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 1980; 21(3): 219-239.
• Goyen MJ, Anshel MH. Sources of acute competitive stress and use of coping strategies as a function of age and gender. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 1998; 19(3): 469-486.
• Hardy L, Jones G, Gould D. Understanding psychological preparation for sport: Theory and practice of elite performers. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1996.
• Hurley AE, Scandura TA, Schriesheim CA, Brannick MT, Seers A, Vandenberg RJ, Williams LJ. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Guidelines, issues, and alternatives. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 1997; 18(6): 667-683.
• Lazarus RS. Emotion and adaptation. Oxford University Press, New York, 1991.
• Lazarus RS. Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. Springer Publishing, 1999
• Lazarus RS. How emotions influence performance in competitive sports. The Sport Psychologist, 2000; 14(3): 229-252.
• Lazarus RS, Folkman, S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer, 1984.
• Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping. European Journal of Personality, 1987; 1(3): 141–169.
• Lynn MR. Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 1986; 35(6): 382-385.
• Neil, R., Hanton, S., Mellalieu, S. D., & Fletcher, D. (2011). Competition stress and emotions in sport performers: The role of further appraisals. Psychology of sport and exercise, 12(4), 460-470.
• Nicholls AR, Polman R. Coping in sport: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2007; 25(1): 11–31.
• Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing research: Principles and methods. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004.
• Polit DF, Beck CT. The content validity index: are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations. Research In Nursing & Health, 2006; 29(5): 489-497.
• Rae G. Correcting Coefficient Alpha for Correlated Errors: Is a K a Lower Bound to Reliability? Applied Psychological Measurement January, 2006; 30(1): 56-59.
• Spencer R, Walsh J, Liang B, Mousseau AMD, Lund TJ. Having it all? A qualitative examination of affluent adolescent girls’ perceptions of stress and their quests for success. Journal of Adolescent Research, 2018; 33(1): 3-33.
• Taylor J, Ogilvie B. A conceptual model of adaptation to retirement among athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 1994; 6(1): 1-20.
• Thompson B. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications. American Psychological Association. Washington DC, 2004.
• Thurber S, Bonynge M. SEM-based composite reliability estimates of the Crisis Acuity Rating Scale with children and adolescents. Archives of Assessment Psychology, 2011; 1(1): 1-9.
• Waltz CF, Bausell RB. Nursing Research: Design, Statistics, and Computer Analysis. F. A. Davis: Philadelphia, FA, USA, 1981.