Review
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 208 - 218, 01.09.2022

Abstract

Kendini sabotaj, bireyin potansiyel başarısızlık durumunda kullanabileceği mazeretleri önceden planlı olarak yaratma çabası olarak tanımlanabilir. Davranışsal ya da sözel olarak iki şekilde ortaya çıkabilen kendini sabotaj davranışı, kısa süreli kullanımda bireyin benlik saygısını korumaya yardımcı olurken, sık kullanımı halinde psikolojik ve sosyal sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Literatürde kendini sabotaj ile ilgili çalışmalar genellikle akademik alanda yoğunlaşmıştır. Akademik personelin, öğrencilerin ve öğretmenlerin kendini sabotaj düzeylerinin incelendiği çalışmalara sıklıkla rastlanılmıştır. Ancak, bu çalışma, spor alanında kendini sabotaj konusunda yapılan çalışmaların incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan yöntem, kendini sabotaj ve spor konusundaki makalelerin tasnif edilerek incelenmesidir. Literatürde spor alanında yapılan araştırma sayısının çok fazla olmadığı görülmüştür. Kendini sabotajın hangi değişkenlerden etkilendiğinin araştırıldığı çalışmalarda, sosyodemografik değişkenlerin kendini sabotaj düzeyini etkilemediği, cinsiyet faktörünün etkisi hakkında ise uzlaşılmış bir karar olmadığı görülmüştür. Cinsiyetin kendini sabotaj düzeyine etkisi ile ilgili çelişkili bulgular mevcuttur. Kendini sabotaj ve benlik saygısı arasında ilişki olduğunu bildiren ve bunu incelemiş olan çalışmalar da mevcuttur. Benlik saygısının kendini sabotaj ile negatif korelasyona sahip olduğu, benlik saygısı yüksek olan bireylerin kendini sabotaj davranışına yöneliminin düşük olduğu bildirilmektedir. Spor alanındaki performanslarda, bireyin bu performansa (müsabaka ya da performans testi) atfettiği değer, sporcunun kendini sabotaj eğilimini etkilemektedir. Performansın önemi arttıkça, sporcuların kendini sabotaj eğilimi de artmaktadır. Takım sporlarında sporcuların sözel kendini sabotaj davranışına yönelmesi, sporcuların takımdan dışlanması gibi olumsuz sonuçları ortaya çıkartabilmektedir. Yapılan literatür taraması sonucunda, spor alanında yapılan kendini sabotajla ilgili çalışmaların sporcular ve hakemler üzerinde yoğunlaştığı görülmüş ancak antrenörlerin kendini sabotaj eğilimlerinin araştırıldığı herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Engelli sporcular üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar ise yeterli sayıda değildir. Spor alanında, özellikle engelli sporcular ve antrenörler üzerinde, yapılan çalışmaların sayısının artırılmasının, bu alandaki boşluğu dolduracağı değerlendirilmektedir.

Supporting Institution

Yoktur

Project Number

Yoktur

Thanks

Yoktur.

References

  • Abacı R, Akın A. Kendini sabotaj: İnsanoğlunun sınırlı doğasının bir sonucu. Ankara: Pegem Yayınları, 2011: 23-25.
  • Abdel-Khalek AM. Introduction to the psychology of self-esteem. F. Holloway (Ed.), in Self-esteem perspectives, influences and improvement strategies, (pp. 1-23). New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2016.
  • Akçakoyun F. Analysis of self-esteem levels of students in physical education and sports high school. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 2018; 6(2): 73-79. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i2.2951
  • Akın A. Kendini sabotaj ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim Dergisi, 2012; 37(164): 176-187.
  • Akın A, Abacı R, Akın Ü. Self-handicapping: a conceptual analysis. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2011; 3(3): 1155-1168.
  • Alesi M, Rappo G, Pepi A. Self-esteem at school and self-handicapping in childhood: comparison of groups with learning disabilities. Psychological Reports, 2012; 111(3): 952–962. https://doi.org/10.2466/15.10.pr0.111.6.952-962
  • Amraei K, Azizi, MP, Khoshkhabar A, Azizmazreah, H, Fathi E. Difference between the students with visual and auditory impairment in self-handicapping. Spectrum (Educational Research Service), 2017; 29(1): 1-6.
  • Anlı G, Akın A, Şar AH, Eker H. Kendini sabotaj ile psikolojik iyi olma arasındaki ilişkinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2015; 14(54): 160-172.
  • Bailis DS. Benefits of self-handicapping in sport: A field study of university athletes. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 2001; 33(4): 213–223.
  • Barutçu Yıldırım F, Demir A. Kendini engellemenin yordayıcıları olarak öz saygı, öz anlayış ve akademik özyeterlilik. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 2017; 18(2): 676-701.
  • Baumgardner AH, Lake EA, Arkin RM. Claiming mood as a self-handicap: The influence of spoiled and unspoiled public identities. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1985; 11(4): 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167285114001
  • Berglas S. The success syndrome: hitting bottom when you reach the top. USA: Springer, 1986: 198-213.
  • Büyükgöze H, Gün F. Araştırma görevlilerinin kendini sabotaj eğilimlerinin incelenmesi [An investigation of research assistants’ self-handicapping tendencies]. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2015; 8(2): 689-704.
  • Carron AV, Prapavessis H, Grove JR. Group effects and self-handicapping. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1994; 16: 246–257.
  • Chen Z, Sun K, Wang K. Self-esteem, achievement goals, and self-handicapping in college physical education. Psychological Reports, 2018; 121(4): 690-704. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294117735333
  • Coudevylle GR, Ginis KAM, Famose JP. Determinants of self-handicapping strategies in sport and their effects on athletic performance. Social Behavior and Personality, 2008; 36(3): 391-398. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.3.391
  • Coudevylle GR, Gernigon C, Ginis KAM. Self-esteem, self-confidence, anxiety and claimed self-handicapping: a mediational analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2011; 12: 670‑675.
  • Coudevylle GR, Ginis KAM, Famose JP, Gernigon C. Effects of self-handicapping strategies on anxiety before athletic performance. Sport Psychologist, 2008; 22(3): 304-315.
  • Cox CB, Guiliano TA. Constructing obstacles vs. making excuses: examining perceivers' reactions to behavioral and self-reported self-handicapping. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 1999; 14(3): 419-433.
  • Deppe RK, Harackiewicz JM. Self-handicapping and intrinsic motivation: buffering intrinsic motivation from the threat of failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1996; 70(4): 868-876.
  • Dietrich D. Gender differences in self handicapping: regardless of academic or social competence implications. Social Behavior and Personality, 1995; 23(4): 403–410.
  • Dvorak J, Junge A, Graf-Baumann T, Peterson L. Football is the most popular sport worldwide. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2004; 32(1S): 3S-4S. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503262283. PMID: 14754853.
  • Elliot AJ, Thrash TM. The intergenerational transmission of fear of failure. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2004; 30: 957-971. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0146167203262024
  • Elliot AJ, Cury F, Fryer JW, Huguet P. Achievement goals, self-handicapping, and performance attainment: a mediational analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2006; 28: 344–361.
  • Eronen S, Nurmi JE, Salmela-Aro K. Optimistic, defensive-pessimistic, impulsive and self-handicapping strategies in university environments. Learning and Instruction, 1998; 8(2): 159-177.
  • Ferradas MM, Freire C, Rodriguez S, Pineiro I. Self-handicapping and self-esteem profiles and their relation to achievement goals. Annals of Psychology, 2018; 34(3): 545-554. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.34.3.319781
  • Ferrand C, Champely S, Brunel PC. Relations between female students’ personality traits and reported handicaps to rhythmic gymnastics performance. Psychological Reports, 2005; 96(2): 361–373. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.2.361-373
  • Finez L, Berjot S, Rosnet E, Cleveland C, Tice DM. Trait self-esteem and claimed self-handicapping motives in sports situations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2012; 30(16): 1757-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.718089
  • Flett GL, Hewitt PL, Blankstein KR, Mosher SW. Perfectionism, self-actualization, and personal adjustment. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 1991; 6(5): 147-160.
  • Ganda DR, Boruchovitch E. Self-handicapping strategies for learning of preservice teachers. Estudos de Psicologia, 2015; 32(3): 417-425. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-166X2015000300007
  • Gözmen Elmas A, Aşçı FH. Sporcularda kendini sabotaj: benlik saygısı, başarı hedefleri ve başarısızlık korkusunun rolü. Türkiye Klinikleri Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2017; 9(3): 108-117. https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2017-55210
  • Greenless I, Jones S, Holder T, Thelwell R. The effects of self-handicapping on attributions and perceived judo competence. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2006; 24(3): 273-280.
  • Harris RN, Snyder CR, Higgins RL, Schrag JL. Enhancing the prediction of self-handicapping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986; 51(6): 1191-1199.
  • Hausenblas HA, Carron AV. Group cohesion and self-handicapping in female and male athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1996; 18: 132–143.
  • Hirt ER, Deppe RK, Gordon LJ. Self-reported versus behavioral self-handicapping: empirical evidence for a theoretical distinction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1991; 61(6): 981-991. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.6.981
  • Hirt ER, McCrea SM. Man smart, woman smarter? Getting to the root of gender differences in self-handicapping. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2009; 3(3): 260–274.
  • Hirt ER, McCrea SM, Boris HI. I know you self-handicapped last exam: gender differences in reactions to self-handicapping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003; 84(1): 177-193. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.177
  • Hobden K, Pliner P. Self-handicapping and dimensions of perfectionism: self presentation vs self-protection. Journal of Research in Personality, 1995; 29(4): 461-474. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1995.1027
  • Hofseth E, Toering T, Jordet G. Shame proneness, guilt proneness, behavioral self-handicapping, and skill level: a mediational analysis. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2015; 00: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2015.1014974
  • Ibrahim H, Morrison N. Self-actualization and self-concept among athletes. Research Quarterly. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1976; 47(1): 68-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/10671315.1976.10615342
  • Jones EE, Berglas S. Control of attributions about the self through self-handicapping strategies: the appeal of alcohol and the role of underachievement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1978; 4(2): 200-206.
  • Kalyon A, Dadandı İ, Yazıcı H. Kendini sabote etme eğilimi ile narsistik kişilik özellikleri, anksiyete duyarlılığı, sosyal destek ve akademik başarı arasındaki ilişki. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 2016; 29: 237-246.
  • Kamuk YU. Badminton hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj ve benlik saygısı düzeyleri. Journal of Global Sport and Education Research, 2019; 2(2): 22-36.
  • Kamuk YU. Self-handicapping and self-esteem leves of taekwondo referees. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 2020; 22(1): 1334-141. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.689121
  • Kamuk YU. Self-handicapping and self-esteem levels of Turkish Category I wrestling referees. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 2020; 12(3): 379-386. https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2020-74853
  • Kamuk YU, Şensoy E. Dalga sörfü hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj düzeyleri. Turkish Studies Social Sciences, 2019; 14(3): 683-695. https://doi.org/10.29228/TurkishStudies.22610
  • Kamuk YU, Şensoy E. Curling hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj düzeyleri. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2019; 3(2): 51-60.
  • Kamuk YU, Evli F, Tecimer H. Futbol hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj düzeyleri. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2018; 11(3): 2257-2267. https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsosbil.461486
  • Kamuk YU, Tüzün S, Doğan S. Engelli ve engelli olmayan yüzücülerin kendini sabotaj ve benlik saygısı düzeyleri. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2020; 9(4): 2577-2588.
  • Karner-Hutuleac A. Perfectionism and self-handicapping in adult education. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014; 142: 434-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.699
  • Kearns H, Forbes A, Gardiner M. A cognitive behavioural coaching intervention for the treatment of perfectionism and self-handicapping in a nonclinical population. Behaviour Change, 2007; 24(3): 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1375/bech.24.3.157
  • Kearns H, Forbes A, Gardiner M, Marshall K. When a high distinction isn’t good enough: a review of perfectionism and self-handicapping. The Australian Educational Researcher, 2008; 35(3): 21-36.
  • Kim H, Lee K, Hong Y. Claiming the validity of negative in-group stereotypes when foreseeing a challenge: a self-handicapping account. Self and Identity, 2012; 11(3): 285-303. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2011.561560
  • Körükçü Ö, Gündoğan A, Ogelman HG. Okul öncesi eğitimi öğretmenliği lisans öğrencilerinin benlik saygısı ve empatik becerileri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 2014; 23(4): 1665-1678.
  • Kuczka KK, Treasure DC. Self-handicapping in competitive sport: influence of the motivational climate, self-efficacy, and perceived importance. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2005; 6(5): 539-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2004.03.007
  • Lucas JW, Lovaglia MJ. Self-handicapping: gender, race and status. Current Research in Social Psychology, 2005; 10(15): 234-249.
  • Martin AJ, Marsh HW, Williamson A, Debus RL. Self-handicapping, defensive pessimism, and goal orientation: a qualitative study of university students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 2003; 95(3): 617-628.
  • Martin KA, Brawley LR. Self-handicapping in physical achievement settings: the contributions of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Self and Identity, 2002; 1(4): 337–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860290106814
  • Mirzaee M, Farahani A, Heidari M, Amrai K. Comparing self-handicapping among blind and deaf students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2011; 15: 777-779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.183
  • Mirzeoğlu D, Çetinkanat C. Elit takım sporcularının kendini gerçekleştirme ve sürekli kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2005; 10(3): 19-28.
  • Özgüngör S, Duatepe Paksu A. Üniversite öğrencilerinde benlik saygısı düzeyine göre akademik başarıyı yordayan değişkenler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2017; 7(48): 111-125.
  • Pedrosa I, Garcia-Cueto E. Psychological aspects in elite referees: Does salary affect your emotional well-being? Journal of Sports Psychology, 2015; 24(2): 241-248.
  • Prapavessis H, Grove JR. Self-handicapping and self-esteem. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 1998; 10(2): 175-184. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209808406386
  • Prapavessis H, Grove JR. Personality variables as antecedents of precompetitive mood state temporal patterning. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 1994; 25: 347–365.
  • Prapavessis H, Grove JR, Maddison R, Zillmann N. Self-handicapping tendencies, coping, and anxiety responses among athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2003; 4: 357–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00020-1
  • Rhodewalt F. Self-handicappers: individual differences in the preference for anticipatory self-protective acts. R. Higgins, C. R. Snyder ve S. Berglas (Eds), in Self-handicapping: the paradox that isn't. New York: Guilford Press, 1990: pp. 69-106.
  • Rhodewalt F, Tragakis MW. Self-handicapping and school: academic self-concept and self-protective behavior. J. Aronson (Ed), in Improving academic achievement. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2002: pp. 111-135.
  • Rhodewalt F, Saltzman AT, Wittmer J. Self-handicapping among competitive athletes: the role of practice in self-esteem protection. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 1984; 5(3): 197–209.
  • Rhodewalt F, Sanbonmatsu DM, Tschanz B, Feick DL, Waller A. Self-handicapping and interpersonal trade-offs: the effects of claimed self-handicaps on observers’ performance evaluations and feedback. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1995; 21(10): 1042–1050. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672952110005
  • Rhodewalt F, Tragakis MW, Finnerty J. Narcissism and self-handicapping: linking self-aggrandizement to behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 2006; 40: 573-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2005.05.001
  • Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965: pp. 16-36.
  • Sansone RA, McLean JS, Wiederman MW. The relationship between medically self-sabotaging behaviors and borderline personality disorder among psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2008; 10: 448-452.
  • Self EA. Situational influences on self-handicapping. R. Higgins, C. R. Snyder ve S. Berglas (Eds), in Self-handicapping: the paradox that isn't. New York: Guilford Press 1990: pp. 37-65.
  • Sherrill C, Silliman L, Gench B, Hinson M. Self-actualisation of elite wheelchair athletes. Paraplegia, 1990; 28: 252-260.
  • Smith TW, Snyder CR, Handelsman MM. On the self-serving function of an academic wooden leg: test anxiety as a self-handicapping strategy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1982; 42: 314–321.
  • Sniezek RC. Behavioral self-handicapping among male and femal athletes. Modern Psychological Studies, 2001; 7(1): 20-27.
  • Solomon LJ, Rothblum ED. Academic procrastination: frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1984; 31(4): 503-509.
  • Spor Bakanlığı. Sporcu sayıları. Accesed on: 26 Ağustos 2019. Accessed at: http://sgm.gsb.gov.tr/Public/Edit/images/SGM/kurumsal/istatistikler/2017/SPORCU%20SAYILARI%202007-2017.xls
  • Şahin HM. Beden eğitimi ve spor sözlüğü. İstanbul: Morpa Yayınları, 2005: p. 155.
  • Thomas CR, Gadbois SA. Academic self-handicapping: the role of self-concept clarity and students' learning strategies. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2007; 77: 101-119. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709905x79644
  • Thompson T, Richardson A. Self-handicapping status, claimed self-handicaps and reduced practice effort following success and failure feedback. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2001; 71: 151-170.
  • Tice DM. Esteem protection or enhancement? Self-handicapping motives and attributions differ by trait self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1991; 60(5): 711-725. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.5.711
  • Tice DM, Baumeister RF. Self-esteem, self-handicapping, and self-presentation: The strategy of inadequate practice. Journal of Personality, 1990; 58(2): 443–464. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00237.x
  • Urdan T. Predictors of academic self-handicapping and achievement: Examining achievement goals, classroom goal structures, and culture. Journal of Educational Psychology, 2004; 96(2): 251-264. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.96.2.251
  • Üzar Özçetin YS, Hiçdurmaz D. Kendini sabote etme ve ruh sağlığı üzerine etkisi [Self-handicapping and its impact on mental health]. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 2016; 8(2): 145-154. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.13806
  • Üzbe N, Bacanlı H. Başarı hedef yönelimi, benlik saygısı ve akademik başarının kendini engellemeyi yordamadaki rolü. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2015; 13(1): 33-50.
  • Warner S, Moore S. Excuses, excuses: self-handicapping in an Australian adolescent sample. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2004; 33(4): 271-281.
  • Weary G, Williams JP. Depressive self-presentation: beyond self handicapping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1990; 58(5): 892-898. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.892
  • Yavuzer Y. Investigating the relationship between self-handicapping tendencies, self-esteem and cognitive distortions. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 2015; 15(4): 879-890. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2015.4.2434
  • Zarshenas L, Jahromi LA, Jahromi MF, Manshadi MD. Self–handicapping among nursing students: an interventional study. BMC Medical Education, 2019; 19(1): 1-7.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1441-6
  • Zuckerman M, Tsai FF. Costs of self-handicapping. Journal of Personality, 2005; 73(2): 411-442.
  • Zuckerman M, Kieffer SC, Knee CR. Consequences of self-handicapping: effects on coping, academic performance and adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1998; 74(6): 1619-1628. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1619

Self-Handicapping and Its Value in Sports

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 208 - 218, 01.09.2022

Abstract

Self-handicapping can be defined as an effort to voluntarily create excuses that an individual can use in case of potential failure. Self-handicapping behavior, which can be manifested either behaviorally or verbally, helps protecting the self-esteem of the individual in short-term, but causes psychological/social problems if used frequently. Studies on self-handicapping in the literature are generally concentrated in the academic field. The method used in this study was reviewing th original articles related to the topc self-handicapping and sports. There are frequent studies on self-handicapping levels of academic staff, students and teachers. This study was carried out to examine the studies on self-handicapping in the field of sports. The number of studies in the field of sports is limited. In studies investigating which variables were affected by self-handicapping, it was seen that sociodemographic variables did not affect the level of self-handicapping, but there was a controversion in the gender variable because there were conflicting findings regarding the effect of gender on self-handicapping levels. There were also studies reporting that self-handicapping was associated with self-esteem and examined it. It was reported that self-esteem had a negative correlation with self-handicapping, and individuals with high self-esteem tended to have low self-handicapping behavior. In the sports performances, the value attributed by the individual to this performance (competition or performance test) affected the self-handicapping tendency of the athlete. As the importance of performance increased, the tendency of athletes to self-hadicapping also increased. In team sports, athletes' tendency to claimed self-handicapping behavior may lead to negative consequences such as exclusion of athletes from the team. It was concluded that the studies on self-handicapping in sports focused on athletes and referees, but there were no studies investigating the self-handicapping tendencies of coaches. Studies on disabled athletes were limited. It was considered that increasing the number of studies conducted in the field of sports, especially on disabled athletes and trainers, would fill the gap in this field.

Project Number

Yoktur

References

  • Abacı R, Akın A. Kendini sabotaj: İnsanoğlunun sınırlı doğasının bir sonucu. Ankara: Pegem Yayınları, 2011: 23-25.
  • Abdel-Khalek AM. Introduction to the psychology of self-esteem. F. Holloway (Ed.), in Self-esteem perspectives, influences and improvement strategies, (pp. 1-23). New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2016.
  • Akçakoyun F. Analysis of self-esteem levels of students in physical education and sports high school. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 2018; 6(2): 73-79. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i2.2951
  • Akın A. Kendini sabotaj ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim Dergisi, 2012; 37(164): 176-187.
  • Akın A, Abacı R, Akın Ü. Self-handicapping: a conceptual analysis. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2011; 3(3): 1155-1168.
  • Alesi M, Rappo G, Pepi A. Self-esteem at school and self-handicapping in childhood: comparison of groups with learning disabilities. Psychological Reports, 2012; 111(3): 952–962. https://doi.org/10.2466/15.10.pr0.111.6.952-962
  • Amraei K, Azizi, MP, Khoshkhabar A, Azizmazreah, H, Fathi E. Difference between the students with visual and auditory impairment in self-handicapping. Spectrum (Educational Research Service), 2017; 29(1): 1-6.
  • Anlı G, Akın A, Şar AH, Eker H. Kendini sabotaj ile psikolojik iyi olma arasındaki ilişkinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2015; 14(54): 160-172.
  • Bailis DS. Benefits of self-handicapping in sport: A field study of university athletes. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 2001; 33(4): 213–223.
  • Barutçu Yıldırım F, Demir A. Kendini engellemenin yordayıcıları olarak öz saygı, öz anlayış ve akademik özyeterlilik. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 2017; 18(2): 676-701.
  • Baumgardner AH, Lake EA, Arkin RM. Claiming mood as a self-handicap: The influence of spoiled and unspoiled public identities. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1985; 11(4): 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167285114001
  • Berglas S. The success syndrome: hitting bottom when you reach the top. USA: Springer, 1986: 198-213.
  • Büyükgöze H, Gün F. Araştırma görevlilerinin kendini sabotaj eğilimlerinin incelenmesi [An investigation of research assistants’ self-handicapping tendencies]. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2015; 8(2): 689-704.
  • Carron AV, Prapavessis H, Grove JR. Group effects and self-handicapping. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1994; 16: 246–257.
  • Chen Z, Sun K, Wang K. Self-esteem, achievement goals, and self-handicapping in college physical education. Psychological Reports, 2018; 121(4): 690-704. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294117735333
  • Coudevylle GR, Ginis KAM, Famose JP. Determinants of self-handicapping strategies in sport and their effects on athletic performance. Social Behavior and Personality, 2008; 36(3): 391-398. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.3.391
  • Coudevylle GR, Gernigon C, Ginis KAM. Self-esteem, self-confidence, anxiety and claimed self-handicapping: a mediational analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2011; 12: 670‑675.
  • Coudevylle GR, Ginis KAM, Famose JP, Gernigon C. Effects of self-handicapping strategies on anxiety before athletic performance. Sport Psychologist, 2008; 22(3): 304-315.
  • Cox CB, Guiliano TA. Constructing obstacles vs. making excuses: examining perceivers' reactions to behavioral and self-reported self-handicapping. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 1999; 14(3): 419-433.
  • Deppe RK, Harackiewicz JM. Self-handicapping and intrinsic motivation: buffering intrinsic motivation from the threat of failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1996; 70(4): 868-876.
  • Dietrich D. Gender differences in self handicapping: regardless of academic or social competence implications. Social Behavior and Personality, 1995; 23(4): 403–410.
  • Dvorak J, Junge A, Graf-Baumann T, Peterson L. Football is the most popular sport worldwide. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2004; 32(1S): 3S-4S. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503262283. PMID: 14754853.
  • Elliot AJ, Thrash TM. The intergenerational transmission of fear of failure. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2004; 30: 957-971. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0146167203262024
  • Elliot AJ, Cury F, Fryer JW, Huguet P. Achievement goals, self-handicapping, and performance attainment: a mediational analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2006; 28: 344–361.
  • Eronen S, Nurmi JE, Salmela-Aro K. Optimistic, defensive-pessimistic, impulsive and self-handicapping strategies in university environments. Learning and Instruction, 1998; 8(2): 159-177.
  • Ferradas MM, Freire C, Rodriguez S, Pineiro I. Self-handicapping and self-esteem profiles and their relation to achievement goals. Annals of Psychology, 2018; 34(3): 545-554. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.34.3.319781
  • Ferrand C, Champely S, Brunel PC. Relations between female students’ personality traits and reported handicaps to rhythmic gymnastics performance. Psychological Reports, 2005; 96(2): 361–373. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.2.361-373
  • Finez L, Berjot S, Rosnet E, Cleveland C, Tice DM. Trait self-esteem and claimed self-handicapping motives in sports situations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2012; 30(16): 1757-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.718089
  • Flett GL, Hewitt PL, Blankstein KR, Mosher SW. Perfectionism, self-actualization, and personal adjustment. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 1991; 6(5): 147-160.
  • Ganda DR, Boruchovitch E. Self-handicapping strategies for learning of preservice teachers. Estudos de Psicologia, 2015; 32(3): 417-425. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-166X2015000300007
  • Gözmen Elmas A, Aşçı FH. Sporcularda kendini sabotaj: benlik saygısı, başarı hedefleri ve başarısızlık korkusunun rolü. Türkiye Klinikleri Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2017; 9(3): 108-117. https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2017-55210
  • Greenless I, Jones S, Holder T, Thelwell R. The effects of self-handicapping on attributions and perceived judo competence. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2006; 24(3): 273-280.
  • Harris RN, Snyder CR, Higgins RL, Schrag JL. Enhancing the prediction of self-handicapping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986; 51(6): 1191-1199.
  • Hausenblas HA, Carron AV. Group cohesion and self-handicapping in female and male athletes. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1996; 18: 132–143.
  • Hirt ER, Deppe RK, Gordon LJ. Self-reported versus behavioral self-handicapping: empirical evidence for a theoretical distinction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1991; 61(6): 981-991. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.6.981
  • Hirt ER, McCrea SM. Man smart, woman smarter? Getting to the root of gender differences in self-handicapping. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2009; 3(3): 260–274.
  • Hirt ER, McCrea SM, Boris HI. I know you self-handicapped last exam: gender differences in reactions to self-handicapping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003; 84(1): 177-193. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.177
  • Hobden K, Pliner P. Self-handicapping and dimensions of perfectionism: self presentation vs self-protection. Journal of Research in Personality, 1995; 29(4): 461-474. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1995.1027
  • Hofseth E, Toering T, Jordet G. Shame proneness, guilt proneness, behavioral self-handicapping, and skill level: a mediational analysis. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2015; 00: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2015.1014974
  • Ibrahim H, Morrison N. Self-actualization and self-concept among athletes. Research Quarterly. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1976; 47(1): 68-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/10671315.1976.10615342
  • Jones EE, Berglas S. Control of attributions about the self through self-handicapping strategies: the appeal of alcohol and the role of underachievement. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1978; 4(2): 200-206.
  • Kalyon A, Dadandı İ, Yazıcı H. Kendini sabote etme eğilimi ile narsistik kişilik özellikleri, anksiyete duyarlılığı, sosyal destek ve akademik başarı arasındaki ilişki. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 2016; 29: 237-246.
  • Kamuk YU. Badminton hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj ve benlik saygısı düzeyleri. Journal of Global Sport and Education Research, 2019; 2(2): 22-36.
  • Kamuk YU. Self-handicapping and self-esteem leves of taekwondo referees. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 2020; 22(1): 1334-141. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.689121
  • Kamuk YU. Self-handicapping and self-esteem levels of Turkish Category I wrestling referees. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 2020; 12(3): 379-386. https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2020-74853
  • Kamuk YU, Şensoy E. Dalga sörfü hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj düzeyleri. Turkish Studies Social Sciences, 2019; 14(3): 683-695. https://doi.org/10.29228/TurkishStudies.22610
  • Kamuk YU, Şensoy E. Curling hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj düzeyleri. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2019; 3(2): 51-60.
  • Kamuk YU, Evli F, Tecimer H. Futbol hakemlerinin kendini sabotaj düzeyleri. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2018; 11(3): 2257-2267. https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsosbil.461486
  • Kamuk YU, Tüzün S, Doğan S. Engelli ve engelli olmayan yüzücülerin kendini sabotaj ve benlik saygısı düzeyleri. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2020; 9(4): 2577-2588.
  • Karner-Hutuleac A. Perfectionism and self-handicapping in adult education. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2014; 142: 434-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.699
  • Kearns H, Forbes A, Gardiner M. A cognitive behavioural coaching intervention for the treatment of perfectionism and self-handicapping in a nonclinical population. Behaviour Change, 2007; 24(3): 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1375/bech.24.3.157
  • Kearns H, Forbes A, Gardiner M, Marshall K. When a high distinction isn’t good enough: a review of perfectionism and self-handicapping. The Australian Educational Researcher, 2008; 35(3): 21-36.
  • Kim H, Lee K, Hong Y. Claiming the validity of negative in-group stereotypes when foreseeing a challenge: a self-handicapping account. Self and Identity, 2012; 11(3): 285-303. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2011.561560
  • Körükçü Ö, Gündoğan A, Ogelman HG. Okul öncesi eğitimi öğretmenliği lisans öğrencilerinin benlik saygısı ve empatik becerileri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 2014; 23(4): 1665-1678.
  • Kuczka KK, Treasure DC. Self-handicapping in competitive sport: influence of the motivational climate, self-efficacy, and perceived importance. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2005; 6(5): 539-550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2004.03.007
  • Lucas JW, Lovaglia MJ. Self-handicapping: gender, race and status. Current Research in Social Psychology, 2005; 10(15): 234-249.
  • Martin AJ, Marsh HW, Williamson A, Debus RL. Self-handicapping, defensive pessimism, and goal orientation: a qualitative study of university students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 2003; 95(3): 617-628.
  • Martin KA, Brawley LR. Self-handicapping in physical achievement settings: the contributions of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Self and Identity, 2002; 1(4): 337–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860290106814
  • Mirzaee M, Farahani A, Heidari M, Amrai K. Comparing self-handicapping among blind and deaf students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2011; 15: 777-779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.183
  • Mirzeoğlu D, Çetinkanat C. Elit takım sporcularının kendini gerçekleştirme ve sürekli kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2005; 10(3): 19-28.
  • Özgüngör S, Duatepe Paksu A. Üniversite öğrencilerinde benlik saygısı düzeyine göre akademik başarıyı yordayan değişkenler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2017; 7(48): 111-125.
  • Pedrosa I, Garcia-Cueto E. Psychological aspects in elite referees: Does salary affect your emotional well-being? Journal of Sports Psychology, 2015; 24(2): 241-248.
  • Prapavessis H, Grove JR. Self-handicapping and self-esteem. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 1998; 10(2): 175-184. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209808406386
  • Prapavessis H, Grove JR. Personality variables as antecedents of precompetitive mood state temporal patterning. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 1994; 25: 347–365.
  • Prapavessis H, Grove JR, Maddison R, Zillmann N. Self-handicapping tendencies, coping, and anxiety responses among athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2003; 4: 357–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00020-1
  • Rhodewalt F. Self-handicappers: individual differences in the preference for anticipatory self-protective acts. R. Higgins, C. R. Snyder ve S. Berglas (Eds), in Self-handicapping: the paradox that isn't. New York: Guilford Press, 1990: pp. 69-106.
  • Rhodewalt F, Tragakis MW. Self-handicapping and school: academic self-concept and self-protective behavior. J. Aronson (Ed), in Improving academic achievement. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2002: pp. 111-135.
  • Rhodewalt F, Saltzman AT, Wittmer J. Self-handicapping among competitive athletes: the role of practice in self-esteem protection. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 1984; 5(3): 197–209.
  • Rhodewalt F, Sanbonmatsu DM, Tschanz B, Feick DL, Waller A. Self-handicapping and interpersonal trade-offs: the effects of claimed self-handicaps on observers’ performance evaluations and feedback. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1995; 21(10): 1042–1050. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672952110005
  • Rhodewalt F, Tragakis MW, Finnerty J. Narcissism and self-handicapping: linking self-aggrandizement to behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 2006; 40: 573-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2005.05.001
  • Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965: pp. 16-36.
  • Sansone RA, McLean JS, Wiederman MW. The relationship between medically self-sabotaging behaviors and borderline personality disorder among psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2008; 10: 448-452.
  • Self EA. Situational influences on self-handicapping. R. Higgins, C. R. Snyder ve S. Berglas (Eds), in Self-handicapping: the paradox that isn't. New York: Guilford Press 1990: pp. 37-65.
  • Sherrill C, Silliman L, Gench B, Hinson M. Self-actualisation of elite wheelchair athletes. Paraplegia, 1990; 28: 252-260.
  • Smith TW, Snyder CR, Handelsman MM. On the self-serving function of an academic wooden leg: test anxiety as a self-handicapping strategy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1982; 42: 314–321.
  • Sniezek RC. Behavioral self-handicapping among male and femal athletes. Modern Psychological Studies, 2001; 7(1): 20-27.
  • Solomon LJ, Rothblum ED. Academic procrastination: frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1984; 31(4): 503-509.
  • Spor Bakanlığı. Sporcu sayıları. Accesed on: 26 Ağustos 2019. Accessed at: http://sgm.gsb.gov.tr/Public/Edit/images/SGM/kurumsal/istatistikler/2017/SPORCU%20SAYILARI%202007-2017.xls
  • Şahin HM. Beden eğitimi ve spor sözlüğü. İstanbul: Morpa Yayınları, 2005: p. 155.
  • Thomas CR, Gadbois SA. Academic self-handicapping: the role of self-concept clarity and students' learning strategies. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2007; 77: 101-119. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709905x79644
  • Thompson T, Richardson A. Self-handicapping status, claimed self-handicaps and reduced practice effort following success and failure feedback. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2001; 71: 151-170.
  • Tice DM. Esteem protection or enhancement? Self-handicapping motives and attributions differ by trait self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1991; 60(5): 711-725. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.5.711
  • Tice DM, Baumeister RF. Self-esteem, self-handicapping, and self-presentation: The strategy of inadequate practice. Journal of Personality, 1990; 58(2): 443–464. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00237.x
  • Urdan T. Predictors of academic self-handicapping and achievement: Examining achievement goals, classroom goal structures, and culture. Journal of Educational Psychology, 2004; 96(2): 251-264. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.96.2.251
  • Üzar Özçetin YS, Hiçdurmaz D. Kendini sabote etme ve ruh sağlığı üzerine etkisi [Self-handicapping and its impact on mental health]. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 2016; 8(2): 145-154. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.13806
  • Üzbe N, Bacanlı H. Başarı hedef yönelimi, benlik saygısı ve akademik başarının kendini engellemeyi yordamadaki rolü. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2015; 13(1): 33-50.
  • Warner S, Moore S. Excuses, excuses: self-handicapping in an Australian adolescent sample. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2004; 33(4): 271-281.
  • Weary G, Williams JP. Depressive self-presentation: beyond self handicapping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1990; 58(5): 892-898. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.892
  • Yavuzer Y. Investigating the relationship between self-handicapping tendencies, self-esteem and cognitive distortions. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 2015; 15(4): 879-890. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2015.4.2434
  • Zarshenas L, Jahromi LA, Jahromi MF, Manshadi MD. Self–handicapping among nursing students: an interventional study. BMC Medical Education, 2019; 19(1): 1-7.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1441-6
  • Zuckerman M, Tsai FF. Costs of self-handicapping. Journal of Personality, 2005; 73(2): 411-442.
  • Zuckerman M, Kieffer SC, Knee CR. Consequences of self-handicapping: effects on coping, academic performance and adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1998; 74(6): 1619-1628. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1619
There are 92 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yetkin Utku Kamuk 0000-0001-5976-7503

Project Number Yoktur
Publication Date September 1, 2022
Acceptance Date June 18, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 24 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kamuk, Y. U. (2022). Self-Handicapping and Its Value in Sports. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 24(2), 208-218.
AMA Kamuk YU. Self-Handicapping and Its Value in Sports. Turk J Sport Exe. September 2022;24(2):208-218.
Chicago Kamuk, Yetkin Utku. “Self-Handicapping and Its Value in Sports”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 24, no. 2 (September 2022): 208-18.
EndNote Kamuk YU (September 1, 2022) Self-Handicapping and Its Value in Sports. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 24 2 208–218.
IEEE Y. U. Kamuk, “Self-Handicapping and Its Value in Sports”, Turk J Sport Exe, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 208–218, 2022.
ISNAD Kamuk, Yetkin Utku. “Self-Handicapping and Its Value in Sports”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 24/2 (September 2022), 208-218.
JAMA Kamuk YU. Self-Handicapping and Its Value in Sports. Turk J Sport Exe. 2022;24:208–218.
MLA Kamuk, Yetkin Utku. “Self-Handicapping and Its Value in Sports”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, vol. 24, no. 2, 2022, pp. 208-1.
Vancouver Kamuk YU. Self-Handicapping and Its Value in Sports. Turk J Sport Exe. 2022;24(2):208-1.

Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).