Effect of Aquatic Exercises on Strength and Quality of Life in Sarcopenia Older Individuals

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 12 - 19, 30.04.2024

Büşra Çetin Aslı Nur Menteş

https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1395197

Abstract

Abstract

There are various definitions of sarcopenia. Among them, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Persons (EWGSOP) has defined sarcopenia as "a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, which carries the risk of unwanted consequences such as physical disability, poor quality of life and death". As a person ages, various changes occur in the skeletal muscle. Nutrition is one of the important factors affecting muscle mass and is a characteristic feature of the continuous loss of muscular mass in the aging process. However, sarcopenia, defined as age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, leads to a deterioration in muscle quantity and quality, gradual slowdown in movements, decreased strength and performance, increased risk of fall-associated injury, and often a decrease in body weight. Treatment options for sarcopenia include lifestyle changes, including physical activity and exercise training, medical nutrition therapy, and pharmacological therapy. Aquatic exercises are a type of exercise that involves the use of all the muscles of the body in a vertical position in the water, opposing the resistance of the water to its own body weight, while cardio and strength training are performed in parallel. Eliminating the risk of falling in sarcopene individuals, working against their own body weight and water resistance can reduce muscle stress while increasing their strength. Healthy lifestyle patterns, proper nutrition and proper exercise programs are effective in preventing sarcopenia and at every stage of the treatment.

Keywords

Ageing, Sarcopenia, Exercise, Aquatic exercise, Quality of Life

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmanın, özgün bir çalışma olduğunu; çalışmanın hazırlık, veri toplama, analiz ve bilgilerin sunumu olmak üzere tüm aşamalarından bilimsel etik ilke ve kurallarına uygun davrandığımı; bu çalışma kapsamında elde edilmeyen tüm veri ve bilgiler için kaynak gösterdiğimi ve bu kaynaklara kaynakçada yer verdiğimi; kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadığımı, çalışmanın Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)' in tüm şartlarını ve koşullarını kabul ederek etik görev ve sorumluluklara riayet ettiğimi beyan ederim.

Supporting Institution

2209-A Tübitak

References

• 1. Abellan Van Kan G, Epidemiology, and consequences of sarcopenia. J Nutr Health Aging, 2009,13: 708 712
• 2. Arpacı, F, Yaşlı bireylerin yaşam kalitesi açısından günlük yaşam aktivitelerini yapabilme durumunun incelenmesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 2015 (1).
• 3. Belice, T, Bölükbaşı, S, & Mandıracıoğlu, A,Yaşlılarda fiziksel inaktivitenin yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2021, 8(1), 44-48.
• 4. Birtane, M, Tuna, H, Ekuklu, G, Uzunca, K, Akçi, C, & Kokino, S. Edirne huzurevi sakinlerinde yaşam kalitesine etki eden etmenlerin irdelenmesi. Geriatri, 2000,3(4), 141
• 5. Coggan AR, Spina RJ, King DS, Rogers MA, Brown M, Nemeth PM, et al.Skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance training in 60 to 70 year old men and women. J Appl Physiol, 1992, 72(5):1780-6.
• 6. Critchley, M. The neurology of old age. The Lancet, 1931, 217(5621), 1119-1127.
• 7. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, et al.Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing; 39, 2010, 412- 23
• 8. Çunkuş, N, Yiğitoğlu, GT, Akbaş, E Yaşlılık ve toplumsal dışlanma. Geriatrik Bilimler Dergisi, 2019, 2(2), 58-67.
• 9. Değer, TB, Yadigar, O. Yaşlılarda yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörler: bir taşra örneği. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2022, 11(2), 574-585
• 10. Del Campo Cervantes, JM, Macías Cervantes, MH, Monroy Torres, R. Effect of a resistance training program on sarcopenia and functionality of the older adults living in a nursing home. The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2019, 23, 829-836.
• 11. Diener, E, Suh, EM, Lucas, RE, & Smith, HL. Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological bulletin,2019, 125(2), 276.
• 12. Dişcigil G, Sökmen ÜN. Yaşlılıkta sarkopeni. The Journal of Turkish Family Physician,2017, 8(2), 49-54.
• 13. Dowzer CN, Reilly T, Cable NT. Effects of deep and shallow water running on spinal shrinkage. British journal of sports medicine, 1998, 32(1), 44-48.
• 14. Fielding RA, Vellas B, Evans WJ, Bhasin S, Morley JE, Newman AB. & Zamboni M. Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2011,12(4), 249-256.
• 15. Franco MR, Tong A, Howard K, Sherrington C, Ferreira PH, Pinto RZ, & Ferreira, M. L. (2015). Older people's perspectives on participation in physical activity: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative literature. British journal of sports medicine, 49(19), 1268-1276.
• 16. Güner R. Yaşlanma sürecinde bedensel etkinlik. Yaşlılarda beslenme. Geriatri Derneği-TTB Yayınları,2006, 99-113.)
• 17. Güneş M, Şimşek A, Demirer B. Sarkopenik Yaşlı Bireylerde Dirençli Egzersiz Eğitiminin Etkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi,2020, 11(4),
• 18. De vaus, David. Healthy ageing: Practical pointers on keeping well. 2005.
• 19. Hirschfeld, P.; Kinsella, R.; Duqu G. J. O. I. Osteosarcopenia: where bone, muscle, and fat collide. Osteoporosis International, 2017, 28: 2781-2790.
• 20. Huovinen, Ville, et al. Bone mineral density is increased after a 16-week resistance training intervention in elderly women with decreased muscle strength. European journal of endocrinology, 2016, 175.6: 571-582.
• 21. Keskinler, Miraç Vural; TUFAN, Fatih; OĞUZ, Aytekin. Geriatrik sendromlar. Okmeydanı tıp dergisi, 2013, 29.2: 41-8.
• 22. Kilinç, Ahmet Selçuk. Burdurda 65 yaş ve üzeri nüfusun yaşam kalitesi ve yalnızlık durumu ile ilişkili etmenler.
• 23. Kim, TN, Choi K. M.Sarcopenia: definition, epidemiology, and pathophysiology. Journal of bone metabolism, 2013, 20(1), 1-10.
• 24. Kislaya I, Santos AJ, Gil A P. Co-occurrence of different types of violence in Portuguese elder adults. Interpersonal Violence Interventions-Social and Cultural Perspectives, 2013, 28-30
• 25. Kuyumcu ME. Sarkopenik yaşlı hastalarda ultrasonografik olarak kas mimarisinin değerlendirilmesi. Geriatri Bilim Dalı Uzmanlık Tezi. Hacettepe Üniv. Tıp Fak. 2014
• 26. Montero-Fernández, N. Serra-Rexach, JA. Role of exercise on sarcopenia in the elderly. European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 2013,49(1), 131-143.
• 27. Özerdoğan Ö, Yüksel B, Çelik M, Oymak S, Bakar C.Yaşlılarda yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörler. Turkish Journal of Public Health,2018,16(2), 90-105.
• 28. Park J, Kwon Y, Park H. Effects of 24-week aerobic and resistance training on carotid artery intima-media thickness and flow velocity in elderly women with sarcopenic obesity. Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, 2017,24(11), 1117-1124