The 1990s witnessed the birth of the Alevi movement as an identity politics. The agents of the Alevi movement, especially in the early periods of the movement, attempted to write the history of Alevism in order to strengthen group solidarity and legitimize their actual political positions. This article assesses the Alevi researcher-writers and Alevi associations as the agents of Alevi politics and scrutinizes their historiographies on Alevism. The ethnic identity of Alevism and its relation to Islam framed the main debates of the highly popular books written by the Alevi researcher-writers. The historiography of the Alevi associations is examined with reference to the historical analysis of the Cem Foundation and the Pir Sultan Abdal Cultural Association. The focus of the historiographical discussion carried out by Alevi researcher-writers with their publications has been Alevism’s relationship with Turkish identity and Islam. Moreover, the question of whether Alevism is an oppositional belief or not becomes another important problem for the associations’ historiography. The overlap between the debates that shaped the historiography of the Alevi movement and Turkish politics in the 1990s enables the article to scrutinize the relationship between historiography and politics, as well.
1990’lar, Türkiye’de kaynağını Alevilikten alan bir sosyal hareketin, Alevi hareketinin doğuşuna tanıklık etmiştir. Alevi hareketinin özneleri, özellikle de hareketin doğuş evresinde, grup içi dayanışma bağlarını güçlendirmek ve aldıkları güncel siyasi tutumlara tarihsel bir derinlik kazandırmak için Aleviliğin tarihini yazma çabasına girişmişlerdi. Bu makalede, Alevi hareketinin özneleri olarak ele alınan Alevi araştırmacı-yazarların ve Alevi derneklerinin, Aleviliğin tarihini nasıl yazdıkları incelenmiştir. Alevi araştırmacı-yazarların kaleme aldıkları kitaplarda yürüttükleri tarih yazıcılığının odağında, Aleviliğin etnik kimliği ve İslamiyet ile kurduğu ilişki yer almaktadır. Dernekler bağlamında merceğe alınan Cem Vakfı ve Pir Sultan Abdal Kültür Derneği’nin anlatılarında da Aleviliğin Türklük ve İslamiyet ile kurduğu tarihsel ilişkiye ek olarak, Aleviliğin muhalif bir inanç olup olmadığı sorunsalı da tarihyazımını yönlendiren konu başlıklarından biri olmuştur. Alevi hareketinin tarihyazımına yön veren tartışmalarla Türkiye siyasetini 1990’larda etkileyen konu başlıklarındaki örtüşme, makalenin tarihyazımı ve siyaset arasındaki ilişkiye temas etmesine de olanak tanımıştır.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Historical Studies (Other) |
Journal Section | Research Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 26, 2023 |
Published in Issue | Year 2023 Issue: 3 |
Greetings with Our Fifth Issue!
We are delighted to present the latest issue of Toplumsal Tarih Akademi journal. This issue marks the fifth since the journal began its journey in December 2022, but it stands out as the first to not center around a thematic dossier. It also represents our initial experience transitioning from editorial assistants to full editors of the journal. We ask for your forgiveness in advance for any shortcomings.
We extend our gratitude to our former editors, Yaşar Tolga Cora and Nurşen Gürboğa, who rapidly transformed the journal into one of the key publications of the History Foundation. We also thank the former President of the History Foundation and the journal’s former editor-in-chief, Mehmet Ö. Alkan, for his pioneering role in launching the journal. We are fully aware of the responsibility placed on our shoulders to carry the journal forward. With the support of our Editorial Board members and an expanding team of editors, we aim to fulfill this responsibility to the best of our ability.
At this point, we wish to thank our new section editors, who took on the responsibility of shaping the journal with us at the September 2024 Editorial Board meeting, marking the transition in the journal’s management. Our thanks go to Gülhan Balsoy and Cihangir Gündoğdu, who joined as book review editors, and Deniz Türker, who is now overseeing the document review section. We are immensely grateful for their energetic contributions to the process. While Nurşen Gürboğa has passed on the role of editor to us, she continues as the journal’s editor-in-chief. Her guidance and the bridges she builds with the History Foundation’s administration are invaluable to us. We also extend our gratitude to Emre Erkan, our Turkish language editor, who worked meticulously and swiftly to prepare articles for publication, and to our layout editor, Aşkın Yücel Seçkin, for her careful and prompt efforts. Our heartfelt thanks also go to our anonymous referees, the unseen heroes who guide our authors through their revisions.
Our decision to produce this issue with free-topic articles, coupled with changes in our management structure during the process, resulted in some delays. We are particularly grateful to our authors for their patience and understanding.
This issue features four research articles, three document reviews, four book reviews, and an obituary. Let us first introduce the research articles in our fifth issue. The first, authored by Nurhan Davutyan, is titled “The Ottoman Moratorium of 1875 could have been Prevented.” This study provides a fresh perspective on the developments leading to the establishment of the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, which violated the fiscal sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire. Drawing on extensive resources and statistical analysis, Davutyan argues that financial measures proposed by Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha in 1867 could have averted the moratorium if implemented earlier, rather than in 1879.
The second article is a collaborative work by Murat Tülek, Jean-François Pérouse, and Funda Ferhanoğlu, titled “Jacques Pervititch before 1922.” This detailed study focuses on the early life and career of Pervititch, a pivotal figure in Istanbul’s cartographic history, before he began creating insurance maps of the city. Rich with visual materials, including one featured on our cover, the article offers valuable insights into Pervititch’s family life, professional development, and early maps.
Our third research article, “Governing the Exception, Negotiating Justice: The Law of the Mountains, Feud Settlements, and Hybrid Punishments in Shkodra,” takes us to the Albanian lands of the late Ottoman period. In this study, Ebru Aykut examines Ottoman governance strategies amidst local mountain laws and centralization efforts. By applying Michel Foucault’s concept of governmentality to a series of cases, the article sheds light on fascinating historical events in Shkodra, offering a rewarding read for our audience.
The fourth article bridges natural history and historical research. Titled ““Why the Cormorant?” A 19th-Century Ottoman Intellectual's Perspective on the Lexical History of Karabatak,” Tarkan Murat Akkaya analyzes an 1899 newspaper article on the cormorant bird. This engaging piece explores the origins of bird names, contributing a unique perspective to the field of nomenclature, specifically regarding the cormorant.
Under the editorial guidance of Deniz Türker, our document review section aims to draw attention to overlooked historical documents and present creative interpretations of them. Filiz Yazıcıoğlu’s study highlights the significance of petitions as sources, examining those written by a telegraph operator, Mehmet Tevfik Bey, during the reign of Abdul Hamid II. Mertkan Karaca reviews a 1909 article by Halil Edhem Bey, brother of Osman Hamdi Bey, shedding light on the history of the Imperial Museum, now the Istanbul Archaeological Museum. Aysel Yıldız examines two letters that narrate the remarkable life of a Janissary, İbrahim Ben Ali, born in Istanbul in 1756, who endured captivity in Russia and eventually emigrated to the United States.
Our book review section, edited by Gülhan Balsoy and Cihangir Gündoğdu, features analyses of recent publications focusing on various periods of Ottoman and Republican history. Ekrem Yener reviews Ümit Kurt’s Kanun ve Nizam Dairesi’nde Soykırım Teknokratı Mustafa Reşat Mimaroğlu’nun İzinde Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e Devlet Mekanizması, while Melis Cankara critiques Uğur Zekeriya Peçe’s Island and Empire: How Civil War in Crete Mobilized the Ottoman World. Ayşe Hilal Uğurlu examines Ali Akyıldız’s Mabeyn-i Hümayun: Osmanlı Saray Teşkilatının Modernleşmesi, and Numan Deniz discusses Nir Shafir’s The Order and Disorder of Communication: Pamphlets and Polemics in Seventeenth-Century Ottoman Empire.
Finally, our obituary section commemorates historian, teacher, and writer Necdet Sakaoğlu, known for his work on local, urban, Seljuk, Ottoman, and educational history. Fahri Aral honors his memory with a heartfelt piece.
According to our Editorial Board's decision, the journal will now publish themed issues in June and open-call issues in December. We encourage you to follow the calls for papers announced on DergiPark and the History Foundation’s website. The deadline for submissions to our December 2025 issue is June 15, 2025, through the DergiPark system.
We value the development of social historiography and the creation of platforms for free and critical thought, especially for publishing high-quality Turkish articles. Toplumsal Tarih Akademi aims to combine the History Foundation’s long-standing tradition of critical publishing with the international standards of academic publishing. To this end, we are actively pursuing the indexing of our journal in national and international databases. Your constructive criticism and contributions are vital to us, and we eagerly await your feedback.
Enjoy reading and have a wonderful year ahead.
Editors of Toplumsal Tarih Akademi
Firuzan Melike Sümertaş & Sırrı Emrah Üçer