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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>BELLETEN</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">0041-4255</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2791-6472</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Türk Tarih Kurumu</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37879/belleten.2013.849</article-id>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>XIII.-XIV. Yüzyıl Bizans ve İslam Kaynaklara Göre Kuzeybatı Anadolu Yol Ağları</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>The Northwest Anatolian Road Systeın According to Xlllth-XIVth Century Byzantine and Islamic Sources</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Keçiş</surname>
                                    <given-names>Murat</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 48000  Muğla/TÜRKİYE</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20131201">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2013</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>77</volume>
                                        <issue>280</issue>
                                        <fpage>849</fpage>
                                        <lpage>874</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20130601">
                        <day>06</day>
                        <month>01</month>
                        <year>2013</year>
                    </date>
                                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1937, BELLETEN</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1937</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>BELLETEN</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Medeniyet, genel anlamda insanın çevresiyle olan münasebetleri etrafında şe­killenmekle beraber, coğrafyanın etkisi konar-göçer toplumlarda daha belirgin şekil­lerde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu etki tarihi süreçte, en azından genel eğilimler bakımın­dan değişik sosyo-ekonomik, kültürel, siyasi alanlarda süreklilik ve bağlantılar oluş­turmuştur. Bu bakımdan Ortaçağda yolların siyasi, iktisadi, askeri, kültürel ve tarihi rolleri olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu makalede, Kuzeybatı Anadolu Bölgesi&#039;nin tarihi süreç içerisinde coğrafi faktörlerin temel belirleyici olduğunu kanıtlamaktan daha ziyade, bölgede yaşayan toplumun doğal çevresi bilinmeden, bölgenin tarihinin anlaşılamayacağı, ortamın tarihi gelişimde önemli etkenlerden biri olduğunu Ku­zeybatı Anadolu coğrafyası özelinde göstermeye ve XIII-XIV. yüzyıllarda Kuzeyba­tı Anadolu&#039;da ticari ve askeri amaçlarla hangi yolların kullanıldığı dönemin kaynak­larının el verdiği ölçüde ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Although human culture, in general, is an outcome of the relations between people and their environment, the İmpact of geography is more evident on nomadic societies in more specifıc ways. This impact throughout history has functioned at a basic level in terms of general tendencies, correlativity and continuity in socio­economic, cultural and political fıelds. In this regard, it is generally accepted that roads have political, economic, military, cultural, and historical roles in the medieval period. In this article, rather than suggesting that geographical factors are the primary determinants of the history of Northwestern Anatolian region, it will be argued that without an understanding of the natura) environment of the area occupied by a given community, it is impossible to understand the history of the region as a whole. We will thus demonstrate the importance of natural surroundings as one of the important historical determinants in the case of North Anatolian geography; and we will attempt to reveal the region&#039;s commercial and military roads used in 13th and 14th centuries in the light of a detailed analysis of all available contemporary sources.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Bizans</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kuzeybatı Anadolu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  XIII.-XV. Yüzyıllar</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tarih</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Byzantium</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Northwest Anatolia</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Xlllth-XIVth Century</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  History</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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