Hint Uygarlığı dendiğinde aklımıza M.Ö. 5000’lerden başlayarak, gelişip serpilerek, bilimin çeşitli dallarında önemli çalışmaların yapılmış olduğu, ve bu çalışmalarla günümüz bilimini önemli ölçüde etkilemiş olan bir uygarlık akla gelmektedir. Hint bilim ve kültür tarihi ele alınıp incelenirken, beş döneme ayrılarak incelenir. Bunlardan ilki prevedik dönem, ki buna arkeolojik dönem de diyoruz; ikincisi vedik dönem, üçüncüsü post vedik dönem ya da budik dönem, dördüncüsü İslam Dünyası’yla etkileşim içinde bulunduğu dönem ve beşincisi ise on yedinci yüzyıl sonrası olarak ayırıyoruz. Bu yazıda Hint Uygarlığı’nın, İslam Dünyası'na kadar olan dönemindeki bilimsel çalışmaların, bilim tarihi açısından ne anlam taşıdığını, bir başka ifade ile, günümüz bilimine katkısı açısından kısa bir değerlendirmesi yapılacaktır.
As is known that the roots of Indian civilisation appeared in Mohenco Daro and Harappa beginning from 5000 BC. and continued to improve in the course of time. Astronomical studies began with the research studies on celestial bodies. Indian astronomers used mathematical studies as auxiliary subject in order to account the velocities of their motions and their irregularities depending on geocentric system. Indian astronomers like Aryabhata and Bragmagupta used eccentric and epicycle system in order to correct the certain faults of geocentric system. In mathematics, especially in arithmetic, Indian made valuable contributions. They used zero at very first time. They used decimal system and offered the symbols that we used nowadays. Behalf of chemistry Indian chemist or in better word Indian alchemist were interested in practical part of it including in theoretical part. In Indian medicine Caraca and Susruta are the two important medical work used as handbooks and translated into Arabic. They had great influence on Islamic medicine. They consisted of explanation of human anatomy, physiology, treatments of diseases and drugs. In India there were three medical school that helped the improvements of medical science theoretically and practically. As a conclusion we can say that Indian civilisation made precious contributions in all the branches of science, as our numeric system, certain trigonometric functions and the system of trigonometry in mathematics. They recommended certain drugs and explanation of new medical systems that showed the importance of keeping health instead of treatment of diseases. It is the first time that ageing was studied. In addition to it, Indian physicians applied esthetical operation at first time.
Primary Language | Turkish |
---|---|
Subjects | Archaeology |
Journal Section | Araştırma Makaleleri |
Authors | |
Publication Date | April 20, 2001 |
Published in Issue | Year 2001 Volume: 65 Issue: 242 |
Belleten is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).